Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

: Sand casting is an oldest method to accomplish obligatory shape, Every Foundry industry Requires least amount denunciation of module, Rejection Is Caused by Undesired indecision Found in Component's. Quality of casting is depends upon flow of molten metal through gating system. Unacceptable gating design is mainly in charge for the unrest and also in charge for shrinkage porosity. In other words, molten metal should enter into the mold cavity within solidification time of melt, so proper design of gating system is essential. Proper gating system design reduces the turbulence in the pour of molten metal, it also minimize air setup, sand inclusion, oxide film and dross. This paper describes the design of a gating system and feeder to produce Aluminium alloy casting of spherical component having diameter 180mm, and height 60mm the gating system with ratio of 1:4:4 (non- pressurized) and silica sand moulding method. It is crucial to recognize design of gating system and feeder for producing defect free casting. Objective of this research is to improve the quality of 7075 aluminium alloy casting by dipping defects producedin silicas and moulding process through proper gating system design and feeder design.

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Design, Feeder Design, Sand casting, Aluminium Alloy

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 Abstract

मानवी वृत्तीनुसार मनातील विचार भावभावना व्यक्त करणे म्हणजे अभिव्यक्ती होय. आपल्या अंगी असलेले गुण किंवा विचार, ज्ञान, कला कुठल्याही माध्यमातून समोरच्यापर्यंत पोहोचविणे यालाच अभिव्यक्ती म्हणतात. मनुष्य जेव्हा आपल्या भावभावनांना शब्दरूप देतो तेव्हा साहित्य निर्माण होते, हीच वाङ्मयीन अथवा साहित्यिक अभिव्यक्ती होय. शब्द मूर्त असतात विरून जातात म्हणून साहित्यिक अभिव्यक्ती अमूर्त राहण्यासाठी होण्यासाठी विविध माध्यमांचा उपयोग होऊ लागला. सुरुवातीला ‘जे जे वाणीमय ते ते वाड्·मय’ असे हे वाड्·मय वाणीवरच खेळते ठेवल्या गेले. म्हणजे ते पाठ केल्या गेले. मौखिक स्वरूपात असलेले हे मराठी साहित्य एका पिढीकडून दुसऱ्या पिढीकडे असेच हस्तांतरित होत गेले. पुढे लिपी आणि लिखाणाच्या साधने विकसित झाल्याने ते हस्तलिखित स्वरूपात समोर आले. हस्तलिखित स्वरूपात मराठी साहित्याचे संवर्धन झाले असे आपणास म्हणता येईल. या माध्यमातून साहित्याला अमूर्त रूप प्राप्त झाले. प्राचीन आणि मध्ययुगीन काळातील सर्व मराठी साहित्य (संत, पंत, तंत )आपणास याच हस्तलिखित स्वरूपात दिसतात. मुद्रणाचा शोध लागल्यावर मराठी साहित्याच्या सार्वत्रिकतेच्या दृष्टीने मोठी क्रांती झाली. मराठी साहित्य हे मुद्रित माध्यमातून म्हणजे पुस्तके,वृतपत्रे, नियतकालिके आणि मासिके इत्यादींच्या माध्यमातून मराठी साहित्यिक अभिव्यक्ती होऊ लागली. मुद्रित माध्यमाने अनेक वाचकांची साहित्यिक अभिरुची वाढविली आणि अनेक नवे लेखक लिहिते होऊ लागले. या अभिव्यक्तीमुळे पुढे मराठी साहित्याच्या प्रकारातही भर पडत गेली. इलेक्ट्रॉनिक माध्यमाच्या उदयाने पुढील काळात मराठी साहित्य लिखित स्वरूपातून सादरीकरणाच्या स्वरूपात आपल्यासमोर आले आणि सर्वत्रिक झाले. दृकश्राव्य स्वरूपात ते ग्रामीणातील ग्रामीण भागातही पोहोचले, यातून मराठी साहित्य लोकाभिमुख झाले. या माध्यमातून सामान्यातल्या सामान्य लोकांमध्येही साहित्य अभिरुची निर्माण झाली. दृक-श्राव्य माध्यमाच्या पुढे जाऊन झालेल्या डिजिटल क्रांतीने मराठी साहित्याचे माध्यम पुन्हा एका वेगळ्या मंचावर परावर्तित झाले आणि मराठी साहित्याची दशा आणि दिशा बदलली. मराठी साहित्याच्या या नव्या मंचाचा त्यावरील साहित्य अभिव्यक्तीचा आढावा घेणे साहित्याच्या सकसतेसाठी माध्यमांवर शास्त्रीय संशोधन करणे गरजेचे आहे.साहित्याच्या अभिव्यक्तीच्या दृष्टीने आणि त्याच्या विकासाच्या दृष्टीने नवे माध्यम कसे कार्य करीत आहे हे जाणून घेणे शक्य होईल,ज्यातून भविष्यात योग्य ती पावले साहित्याच्या दृष्टीने उचलता येतील.

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सोशल मीडिया,साहित्य, मराठी साहित्य ,साहित्य अभिव्यक्ती,माध्यमे ,अभिव्यक्ती माध्यमे

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India's age-old traditional medicine practice has significantly contributed to healthcare. Additionally, all traditional remedies have their own regional effects. A protracted debate has arisen between modern and traditional medical systems, focusing on therapeutic activity, side effects, and other factors. Discussing different Indian traditional medicinal systems and their importance based on recent reviews, this article presents a preliminary outline of the development of traditional Indian medicine. It brings attention to government programs as well as the library's job of preserving and giving information concerning India's traditional medicines.

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Traditional medicine, Traditional medicinal practice, India, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, Yoga, Government initiatives, Role of library.

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Psychiatry within the Siddha system of medicine remains an underexplored yet profoundly significant field. Agathiyar Kirisa Nithana Nool - Moolamum Uraiyum, authored by Dr. T. Michael, represents one of the few comprehensive works addressing psychiatric disorders in Siddha medicine. This review critically examines the structure, content, and clinical insights of the text, which documents eighteen distinct psychiatric conditions, their symptomatology, and management through internal and external therapies. The book also presents experiential remedies (Anubhava Marunthugal), novel formulations, and practical therapeutic techniques such as Kalikkam (eye salve) and Pugai (fumigation). Its readability, clear organization, and practical orientation render it a valuable resource for practitioners, students, and researchers. While the book's strengths lie in preserving and systematizing traditional psychiatric knowledge, limitations include its reliance on a single author's perspective and lack of translations for wider accessibility. Overall, this review underscores the text's significance in enriching contemporary psychiatric discourse, bridging ancient Siddha wisdom with modern mental health practices, and highlighting the need for further interdisciplinary and clinical research.

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Psychiatry, Kirisam, Anubhava Marundhugal, Siddha.

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Credit card fraud cares with the illegal use of master card information for purchases. Credit card transactions are often accomplished either physically or digitally. In the manual transactions, the credit card is included during the transactions. In digital transactions, this will happen over the phone or the web. Cardholders might be providing their card number, expiry date, and the verification of the card number through telephone or website. Billions of dollars are lost thanks to master card fraud per annum. Machine learning techniques are wont to detect master card fraud. Standard models are first used. Then, hybrid methods which use random forest and xgboost segmentation and popular voting method are applied. Then, a real-world master card data set from a financial organization is analysed. In addition, noise is added to the info samples to further assess the robustness of the algorithms. Here random forest segmentation and xgboost algorithm will give the 94% percent accuracy.

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Machine Learning, Credit Card Fraud, detection,Random forest ,xgboost algorithm

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Neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer with a high propensity for early metastasis. The most common sites of metastasis are regional lymph nodes, liver, bones, and brain. However, metastasis to the spinal cord is an exceedingly rare occurrence. This case report presents a rare instance of a neuroendocrine small cell neoplasm that originated in the lungs and extended to the spinal cord, initially presenting with a pleural effusion. A 50 years old female patient was presented with the complaints of breathing difficulty, left sided chest pain and palpitaton was admitted in the pulmonology department. The patient had history of Rheumatic heart disease and has undergone balloon mitral valvuloplasty in 2009. According to CECT thorax, USG abdomen and pelvis the patient had pleural effusion. MRI dorsal spine with cervical spine screening suggested malignant neurogenic tumor. Based on biopsy from left pleural effusion the patient was found to have metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasm possibly small cell carcinoma. The clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment strategy are discussed in light of current literature. This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing such rare metastases and emphasizes the importance of early recognition and multi-disciplinary management in such aggressive neoplasms.

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Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), Neuroendocrine tumor

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Introduction A decision tree is one of the predictive modelling approaches used in statistics, data mining and machine learning. It is a non-parametric Decision trees are a non-parametric supervised learning method used for classification and regression tasks in statistics, data mining, and machine learning. This approach constructs a tree-like structure to identify patterns in data, providing results that are both accurate and easily interpretable. Decision trees are capable of handling missing values, processing both numerical and categorical data, and are scalable to large datasets. They are widely applied in diverse domains such as radar signal classification, medical diagnosis, and speech recognition. This paper provides an overview of decision tree methodology, including classification and regression trees, with a particular focus on the underlying probabilistic and statistical concepts such as entropy, information gain, gain ratio, and Gini index. These measures play a crucial role in evaluating node purity and guiding the tree-building process through recursive partitioning. The C5.0 algorithm, an industry-standard advancement over earlier decision tree models, is highlighted for its robustness, efficiency, and interpretability. An example using a student

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ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3), C4.5,C5.0,CART

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The Ly (1009-1225) and Tran (1225-1400) dynasties represent a golden age of Vietnamese Buddhism, marked by unprecedented royal patronage and the integration of Buddhism into the political, cultural, and social fabric of the nation. This paper investigates the extent and nature of royal patronage during this period, highlighting the reciprocal relationship between the state and the Sangha. By examining historical chronicles, epigraphic evidence, and Buddhist texts, this study explores how Buddhism was institutionalized as a state ideology, and how royal support facilitated the flourishing of Vietnamese Buddhist culture, art, and education.

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An Investigation of the Royal Patronage of Buddhism in Vietnam during the Ly-Tran Dynasty

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Monkey-pox is a disease that feasts from animals to humans, caused by the MPXV virus, related to smallpox. It reappeared in Nigeria in 2017 (Bayelsa) after 39 years without cases and later spread to other countries in 2018 and 2019. Experts believe it may be filling the gap left by smallpox. This review looks at what we currently know about how monkey-pox spreads and affects humans, cells, and the virus itself. Monkey-pox is similar to smallpox and can lead to serious health problems. However, there are no clear treatment guidelines yet, especially in poorer areas, which can lead to long illness and complications. To improve treatment, we need a better understanding of symptoms, risks, and how severe the infection can get. Studies in animals, especially monkeys, help guide treatment options and drug development. These experiments often used strong methods to mimic serious cases like smallpox. Research also shows that monkey-pox patients may benefit from supportive care--like preventing infections, keeping the body hydrated, and protective delicate areas alike the eyes and genitals. A general care plan focused on monkey-pox needs to be created, tested, and adjusted to fit different healthcare settings, including the use of antiviral drugs.

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Poxviridae; Orthopox-viruses; Monkey-pox Viruses; Epidemiology; Clinical Manifestation; Antiviral Drugs.

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This paper explores the character of Jim Hanson in the 2021 film The Marksman, played by Liam Neeson, as an embodiment of the Karma Yogi--a concept rooted in the Bhagavad Gita. Unlike traditional Western action heroes who are driven by personal vengeance or glory, Jim Hanson emerges as a man of duty, detached from personal gain, and committed to protecting the innocent. Drawing on classical Indian philosophy, especially the Gita's teachings on selfless action (karma yoga), the article demonstrates how Hanson's journey aligns with the path of the Karma Yogi--one who acts with intention but without attachment to the fruits of action. Through close cinematic analysis and philosophical interpretation, this study situates The Marksman within a broader discourse of spiritual archetypes in global cinema. The article argues that Jim Hanson's ethical clarity, stoic demeanour, and unwavering performance of duty resonate deeply with the Gita's vision of disciplined action and moral responsibility, thereby suggesting that ancient Indian ideals continue to find subtle expression in contemporary narratives of heroism.

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Karma Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Liam Neeson, Jim Hanson, The Marksman, Cinematic Spirituality, Dharma, Selfless Action

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