Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Complete edentulism remains a significant public health concern worldwide, posing adverse functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial consequences. Its prevalence, however, exhibits striking variability across different populations, influenced by a multitude of sociodemographic determinants such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, geographical location, and systemic health conditions. This review looks into how being fully edentulous is connected with different social and demographic factors. It brings together global data to show how these relationships can shape real-world dental care and influence public health efforts. An understanding of these associations is essential for the formulation of targeted preventive strategies and equitable prosthodontic care delivery.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Complete edentulism, Sociodemographic variables, Epidemiology, Prevalence

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Potentization is a hallmark process in homoeopathy involving serial dilution and succussion, believed to enhance the dynamic properties of medicinal substances. Scientific validation of this principle has long been debated. Recent advancements in nanotechnology provide promising evidence for the presence of nanoparticles in ultra-diluted homoeopathic preparations. This review explores how nanoscience offers a mechanistic explanation for potentization, bridging traditional homoeopathic philosophy and modern experimental research. The findings suggest potential avenues for quality control, pharmaceutical innovation, and educational reform in homoeopathic pharmacy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Homoeopathy; Potentization; Nanoparticles; Ultra-dilution; Nanotechnology; Drug dynamization

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Social media has a big effect on how students in Dharwad district learn and use the English language. It gives them chances to practice their language skills and see different ways people communicate. However, it also brings some problems, like grammar mistakes, difficulty with new words, and the risk of developing poor communication habits. Both teachers and students need to understand how social media influences language learning in many ways. They should use the good parts of social media while being careful to avoid the bad effects. This discussion will look at both the positive and negative influences of social media on language learning, communication styles, and overall English language ability among students in Dharwad district. Review of literature: Wang et al., (2011) found that using social media too much can lead to feelings of being alone and less face-to-face time, which might lower learners' motivation and how well they learn overall. Objective of a study: The aim of this study is to examine how social media affects the English language skills and fluency of language learners in the Dharwad district. This research paper looks at both the good and bad ways social media can influence different language abilities and the general interest people have in learning English. Research methodology: Using a mix of different research methods, including both asking questions and gathering numerical data, is best for understanding how social media affects English as a second language learner. This approach helps fully understand the complex ways social media influences language learning, by looking at both measurable improvements in language skills and personal stories and opinions from students. Data analysis and interpretation: This article paper discusses the relationship between social media and the English language. It covers the impacts of multimedia resources, how they affect collaborative learning, their influence on motivational engagement, the effects of distraction and time consumption, and the limitations of face-to-face interaction in Dharwad District. Conclusion: In conclusion, social media is a vital resource for English language learning, but its effects are nuanced. Keyword: Social Media's, Impact on English Language, Students, Dharwad District

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keyword: Social Media's, Impact on English Language, Students, Dharwad District

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract The quick rise in digital interactions and online transactions has made it easier for online fraud schemes to flourish, leading to large financial losses and compromised personal information. The purpose of this study is to investigate how internet fraud methods, such as phishing, identity theft, and social engineering attempts, are changing. To investigate the strategies, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) utilised by online fraudsters, a mixed-methods approach comprising surveys and a Questionnaire will be utilised. Data was collected from a sample of 295 respondents, selected through random sampling to ensure diversity in age, education, and digital exposure. Furthermore, this study will examine the efficacy of current preventative measures such as digital literacy initiatives, anti-phishing software, and two-factor authentication. This paper aims to show internet awareness and literacy rate among users. It's also covered effective preventive strategies related to online fraud. The results of the study also help to create a thorough framework for stopping online fraud, offering guidance to legislators, law enforcement, and anybody else looking to safeguard themselves against online fraud.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: Cyber Fraud, Internet Literacy, Digital Security and Prevention Strategies.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The whole of Whitman's Leaves of Grass resonates with 'I' and 'myself'. This obviously led the readers and critics to read and interpret the text in the light of the poet's biographical details. The repeated assertion of his American identity in the poem led them further to the analysis of his personal experiences as a citizen of America. From a certain individual to a national character; the poet was time and again analyzed in these two formats. The present study intends to go further from this to Whitman's self as an expression of a universal individual that is all inclusive, a cosmic one. The obvious egoism dominating his poems is just a shell. Once this shell is cracked, the universal being starts germinating and expands in all directions to 'contain multitudes'. Whitman, the individual and Whitman, the American-- is the one that is in common with every individual of every time and every nation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Americanism, egoistic, universal brotherhood, collective consciousness, unifying principle

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women Leadership, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Socio-Economic Empowerment, Patriarchal Interference and Local Governance in India

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The political empowerment of women remains a cornerstone of democratic governance and gender equity. Despite constitutional guarantees and global commitments, women in Assam continue to face significant barriers to meaningful political representation. This paper examines the emerging trends in women's participation in Assam's state politics, with a focus on Legislative Assembly elections from 2001 to 2021. Through a comparative and data-driven analysis of electoral outcomes, the study reveals persistent underrepresentation, disparities in party nominations, and the widening gender gap in elected positions. While there has been some growth in the number of women contesting elections, it has not translated into a proportional increase in legislative seats. The research further explores socio-political challenges, such as patriarchal norms, lack of institutional support, and limited access to resources, that hinder women's political advancement. The findings underscore the urgent need for structural reforms, targeted policy interventions, and gender-sensitive political practices to foster a more inclusive and representative democracy in Assam

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Political Empowerment, Representation, Legislative Assembly Election, Women in Politics, MLA

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Congestion during rush hours remains the emergent challenge in cities globally. Conventional traffic management systems, largely dependent on fixed timing or basic rule-based reasoning, fail to respond to dynamic traffic information and provide minimal assistance in extreme situations such as emergency vehicle travel. In this paper we propose a smart traffic management model integrating Reinforcement Learning and Blockchain technology to develop an even more responsive, transparent, and decentralized solution. Our RL agents are trained based on real traffic patterns in a simulated environment and adjust traffic signal timing dynamically to optimize traffic flow. Meanwhile, blockchain smart contracts on a blockchain system record the systems performance, trigger emergency responses, and ensure data integrity without the presence of any central authority. When an emergency vehicle is detected, the system overrides the RL agents' decisions briefly to give way, maintaining safety in a way that does not compromise learning. Simulation results demonstrate enormous reductions in waiting times of automobiles, clearing congestion, and handling emergencies appropriately. Simulation results present remarkable reductions in waiting times of automobiles, clearing congestion, and addressing emergencies appropriately.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smarter, safer and more efficient traffic infrastructures can be implemented smart city.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Drilling operations on circular pipes often face challenges due to the curved surface, which makes it difficult to maintain drill bit alignment and stability. This misalignment not only reduces the accuracy of the hole but also increases the risk of operator injury and tool damage. To address these limitations, a supporting attachment has been designed to provide a stable guide for the drill bit during pipe drilling. The tool ensures firm positioning, thereby improving precision, efficiency, and safety in repetitive drilling tasks. It minimizes material damage, reduces operator fatigue, and enhances productivity without requiring high-cost automated machinery. This solution is lightweight, portable, and adaptable for different pipe diameters, making it suitable for industrial applications in construction, plumbing, oil and gas, and manufacturing sectors. Overall, the proposed attachment contributes to improved accuracy, operator safety, and cost-effective drilling of circular pipes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drilling attachment, Pipe drilling support, Precision drilling, Operator safety, Circular pipe machining, Productivity enhancement, Drilling fixture, Cost-effective tool design.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India has made a historic stride towards gender-inclusive governance with the constitutional mandate for women's reservation in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). However, in rural settings where patriarchal norms remain deeply embedded, the actual empowerment of elected women representatives warrants deeper examination. The Madhubani district of Bihar is characterised by social conservatism and democratic involvement; this study investigates the level of political participation, awareness, and empowerment of women leaders in this region. In order to gather information from 300 EWRs, including Mukhiyas, ward members, and block-level officials, a mixed-methods approach was used. This technique included both structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics, reliability testing (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.841), ANOVA, T-tests, Pearson correlation, PCA, and reliability analysis were all used to examine the quantitative data. According to the results, there is a robust positive relationship (r = 0.763-0.803) between political awareness and involvement. Formal civic participation and informal political speech were found to be the two most prevalent engagement patterns, accounting for 79.63% of the total variance, according to PCA. Women elected through reserved seats reported significantly greater confidence and autonomy. Empowerment outcomes such as social respect (mean: 3.78 vs. 2.12) and decision-making power were notably higher among active participants. The study concludes that while reservation policies have enhanced visibility and participation, sustained capacity building and socio-political support are critical to translating representation into genuine empowerment in rural India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Panchayati Raj Institutions, women's empowerment, rural India, reservation policy, political awareness, local governance, gender equality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition