Volume 8 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Macula lutea, in anatomy, the small yellowish area of retina near the optic disk that provides central vision. In the centre of the macula is a depression, called the fovea toward the center of the macula there are no blood vessels to interfere with vision; thus in this area, vision in bright light and color perception are keenest(1) . Aim: To find out the foveal thickness difference in old age group and adult group. Design: prospective study Methodology: This study was a prospective study conducted in tertiary eye care institute of Amritsar from a period of December 2019 to February 2020. All patient whose age is more than 50 & below 50 but more than 18 was taken & by the help of OCT. Patients who have normal retina were included in this study. Any retinal disease or any reason which can affect the normal foveal thickness (ERM, VMT) were not included here except dry ARMD (which is normal age related changes and commonest). First comparing above 50 years then compare below 50 years patient then compares above 50 years patients with below 50 years patients. Lastly all measurement in foveal thickness is done manually by the caliper in OCT machine software. Results: After collection of data, the average foveal thicknesses of all data in different group were evaluated and comparison was done

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 Keywords

OCT, RETINA, MACULA, FOVEA

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of our life such as economic, social, educational etc. To combat with the COVID-19 pandemic and to keep running economic growth, all corona affected countries throughout the glove are adopting alternative ways of doing things in every sector. The closure of educational institution throughout the world has stopped the natural educational process. To deal with teaching learning process the focus is drawn to online learning platform. Government of India is introducing and promoting many learning processes in many alternative platform like Online and other platform such as Radio and Television to continue the teaching learning process aiming to reduce the gap between learner and education. In such situation conducting evaluation in traditional classroom is very difficult task and therefore, there is the need to adopt the alternative assessment mechanism of student�s achievement. Meanwhile Government of India has also encouraged schools, colleges and universities to adopt alternative assessment techniques for evaluation of student�s performance. The focus of this paper is to highlight the different available online learning platform, various challenges to online learning in India and the possible alternative assessment during this crisis with their merits and demerits. It seeks to create a forum that can be referred to all the stakeholders of education sectors i.e. the policy makers, administrators, teachers, students as well as the government.

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 Keywords

Online Learning, Digital Divide, Alternative Assessment, COVID-19.

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This paper reviews the statics of rail safety in India.The railway in India have grown on parameters like infrastructures ,expenditure and freight , however the statistics for accidents have increased exponentially. The accidents are mainly due to the human errors and equipment defects . The percentage of types of accidents like derailments, collisions, fire accidents in trains,accidents near level crossing and the fatality rates are discussed in this paper.The preventive steps for the rail accidents has been discussed in the paper.

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derailment ,Collision,Fire in trains,level crossing,Human Errors,equipment defects,fatality rates

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In the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, the most vulnerable and severely affected section of the Indian population have been informal sector migrant workers. Despite a slew of government policies and schemes being announced and subsequently implemented in the short term, effective mitigation of the pandemic and subsequent lockdown will need to deal with several barriers, such as an inconsistent and outdated data base on these workers . The reverse migration phenomenon that has taken place may further the rural-urban income gap and create an unprecedented health crisis in the previously unaffected rural regions. This paper aims to analyse the social and economic impact of the pandemic on Indian migrant workers and assess the effectiveness of measures announced by the state to mitigate the impact on them.

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Migration, welfare programs, transfer payments, public safety, unemployment

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In computer science digital image processing is the part of the computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. As a subcategory or field of advanced sign handling, computerized picture preparing has numerous points of interest over simple picture handling. Visual bends on pictures brought about by awful climate conditions can negatively affect the exhibition of numerous open air vision frameworks. One regularly observed terrible climate is downpour which causes huge yet complex nearby force variances in pictures. The paper targets building up a viable calculation to expel special visualizations of downpour from a solitary downpour picture, for example separate the downpour layer and the de-down-poured picture layer from a downpour picture. Most picture preparing strategies include disengaging the individual shading planes of a picture and regarding them as two-dimensional sign and applying standard sign handling procedures to them. There are a great deal of strategies have been proposed to decrease the raindrops and snowflakes in recordings. In this paper, two popular techniques are employed, namely image decomposition and dictionary learning Built upon a non-linear generative model of rain image. We propose a word reference learning based calculation for single picture de-pouring. The rot is practiced by the blend of storm/snow disclosure and a guided divert in the data picture.

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Removal of rain and snow ,Image Processing, Detection of tumors, Image Classification.

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E-marketing on digital information management

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E-marketing on digital information management

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To transform India into a global manufacturing hub, Make in India was launched in September 2014. The objective behind this programme is to reduce dependence on imports, creation of jobs and solving the problem of balance of payments which is negative from past few years. This paper aims at studying how Make in India programme played a major role during this Covid 19 period. Indian manufactures are self reliant, it is cleared that during this period India had supplied Hydroxychloroquine to more than 40 countries. The paper aims at studying how different policies for boosting up Make in India programme helped MSME sector and startups to survive and revive during this Covid 19 period.

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Make in India, Manufacturing hub, MSME, Impact on Indian Economy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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�What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the human soul. The philosopher, the saint, the hero, the wise and the good or the great very often lie hid and concealed in a plebian, which a proper education might have disinterred and brought to light� - Addison1.

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CHANGING FACES OF LEARNING IN KERALA in the pandemic scenario

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This research work numerically analyze the different configuration of CFB boiler tube model using Ansys 15.0. The detailed analysis has been done for performance parameters such as temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient on different configurations of CFB boiler tube models. The result has been compared with the reference paper reported in the literature. This paper also show the developed the different configurations of CFB boiler tube with perforations with constant temperature of 673K, 773K and 873K.

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Computational Fluid Dynamics, Simulation, Conductivity, Heat Flux, Boiler

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In this paper we present the patient specific system proposed for accurate and robust detection of ECG heartbeat pattern. In recent years many works have been proposed for ECG data classification. Detection of any disorder in heart rhythm or any change in morphological pattern which an indication of arrhythmia so finding that change for the treatment of heart patients at the early stage play an vital role . we required an effective diagnostic system as human eyes are poorly suited to detect the morphological variation of ECG signal also it is difficult for doctors to analyze long ECG records in the short period of time .In this proposed system feature extraction for the morphological feature, which are projected onto a lower dimensional feature space using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and temporal feature from ECG data. Artificial neural network ANNs is used for pattern recognition. ANN is powerful tools for pattern recognition, as it having potential to learning complex and nonlinear surfaces. The ECG pattern classification performance strongly depends on the characterization power of the features extracted from the ECG data and the design of the classifier. Nonstationary ECG signal is effectively analyzed by the TI-DWT due to its time�frequency localization properties. PCA is well-known statistical method that has been used for data compression, data analysis, redundancy and dimensionality reduction, and feature extraction. PCA is the optimal linear transformation in which we ?nds a projection of the input pattern vectors onto a lower dimensional feature space that retains the maximum amount of energy among all possible linear transformations of the pattern space .The proposed classification system can adapt significant interpatient variation in ECG patterns by training the network structure, and thus we achieves higher accuracy over larger datasets.

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 Keywords

ECG, PCA, ANN, TI-DWT

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition