Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping customer experiences in the e-commerce sector by enabling greater personalization through tools like recommendation engines, chatbots, and predictive analytics. This study investigates how AI-driven personalization influences customer satisfaction and loyalty in Tier-2 Indian cities, where digital adoption is accelerating. A structured questionnaire was administered to 150 e-commerce users in Coimbatore, Madurai, and Trichy. The research employs percentage analysis, Chi-square, and ANOVA to analyze the relationships between AI-driven personalization, satisfaction, and loyalty. Findings reveal that recommendation engines and AI-based personalization significantly improve satisfaction, while consumer perceptions of chatbots are mixed. Demographic factors such as age and tech-savviness moderate the acceptance of AI personalization. The study concludes that transparent, culturally relevant, and user-friendly AI applications can build stronger customer loyalty in emerging markets.

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Artificial Intelligence, Personalization, Customer Satisfaction, E-commerce, Tier-2 Cities, Loyalty, Chatbots

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The present research offers a detailed psychological study of the anti-heroic characters of the Mahabharata, one of the great epics of the ancient Indian tradition. As traditional scholarship has always been interested in the heroic heroes, this study turns the limelight around to study the psychological depth of great anti-heroes such as Duryodhana, Karna, Shakuni, Drona, Dhritarashtra, Dussasana, and Ashwatthama. With a qualitative research methodology using descriptive and comparative analysis, the study interweaves current psychological theories to understand the motivation, inner conflict, and moral nuances of these characters. The study describes how traits such as ambition, jealousy, loyalty, manipulation, revenge, and ethical crises not only propel individual destinies but also illuminate the epic's greater thematic concerns of dharma, justice, and human frailty. Placing these old characters within a larger literary and psychological context, the book highlights the universality of their conflicts and the ongoing relevance of the Mahabharata to human nature. The cross-disciplinary enterprise links classical Sanskrit literature and modern psychological theory to newly derived understanding in order to enrich both literary study and psychological inquiry. The findings encourage continued exploration of anti-heroism within ancient literature, highlighting the value of psychological analyses in unscrambling complex characterizations and ethical dilemmas in world literature.

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Mahabharata, anti-hero, psychological analysis, Sanskrit literature, ambition, jealousy, revenge

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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High-altitude lakes act as important indicators of ecology and freshwater resources in the Himalayas. This study appears at the physicochemical parameters of Sani Lake, which is located in Zanskar, Kargil district, Ladakh (India). Field sampling and laboratory analyses have been utilized to assess water quality in terms of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, and major ions. The results indicated a slightly alkaline pH (7.4), low TDS (120 ppm), soft water hardness (40 ppm), and turbidity within safe limits (3 NTU). The absence of nitrate, nitrite, iron, and chlorine suggested minimal anthropogenic contamination. Overall, Sani Lake water was found to be fresh, soft, and in compliance with WHO and BIS drinking water standards, though the presence of ammonia (0.5 ppm) necessitates further monitoring. This baseline study emphasizes the ecological significance of Sani Lake and provides critical information for future conservation and climate change assessments.

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Sani Lake, High altitude Lake, physiochemical parameter, water quality, Zanskar, Kargil.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mental health is essential for everyone, regardless of their socioeconomic status or social category. However, if depression or other psychological problems are found to be more prevalent in a particular social group, it becomes important for policymakers to design need-based interventions that specifically address the vulnerabilities of that group. The psychological problems become even more severe when we look at the elderly population. Older adults are often doubly marginalized--first because of their age and declining social role, and second due to the cultural silence around mental health. Geriatric Depression is a serious concern of the Elderly around the world, particularly in the state of Uttarakhand. With increasing cases and stigma associated with mental health, it becomes difficult to handle the scenario. A complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social elements often leads to depression. This research paper has covered 1200 elderly individuals aged 60 and over who were chosen using the cluster Sampling technique from 18 blocks across 6 districts, which included 90 villages in the Kumaon region and 90 villages in the Garhwal region. It found significant correlation between depression levels and social categories in elderly population of Uttarakhand State. Findings of this research suggest that depression is relatively more common in OBC and SC groups compared to the General group, while ST lies somewhere in between. The level of depression is high in all categories. All elderly people of Uttarakhand need psychological intervention irrespective to their categories to improve their well-being.

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geriatric depression, depression, Social category, Uttarakhand, elderly

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Science and technology have completely transformed human life. Compared to earlier times, material comforts have increased manifold. However, alongside the rise in material comforts, human life values have also undergone change. Today, in this new environment, human beings are searching for new life values. Despite abundant material comforts, people are not finding true happiness and peace. Instead, they are experiencing stress and despair. Religions across the world have provided different kinds of life values. Yet, science has invalidated many traditional religious beliefs through its discoveries. As a result, modern intellectuals are once again searching for the meaning of life, happiness, and peace. The principles of Buddhism are based on reason, rationality, and wisdom. The Buddha neither accepted the eternity of the soul nor the existence of a creator God. He also rejected the notion of heavenly pleasures in the afterlife. Instead of faith-based religious doctrines, the Buddha accepted a scientific outlook and sought to make life happy and meaningful accordingly.

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Eightfold Path, Panch-sila, Bodhisattva, compassion, loving-kindness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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??? , ???????? , ??????? , ???????????? , ????????? , ???????????? , ?????? ??????? ?

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Negative spacing refers to the part of the design which is left empty. It’s also referred to as white space. Further, it adds balance to the overall presentations of the graphics. Negative space is a key component of design that utilizes empty space surrounding and between parts of elements that create a whole. In design theory, psychology and semiotics, literature often emphasizes the importance of design in ensuring things are just clear legible and interactive. Gestalt psychologists view negative space as a principal tool for the establishment of figure-ground. Likewise, research into visual thinking shows that negative spaces reduce cognitive load and help us retain messages. Viewing space as an easygoing concept overlooks clear cultural and contextual variations. Eastern aesthetics refer to space as a notion that depicts harmony and balance, while Western version tends to mean minimalism, sophistication and exclusivity. Negative space in branding plays an essential role in marketing. This strong phenomenon is visible in the study of FedEx logo. A label’s conception of its essence gives rise to sensory and pragmatic associations. Spacious layouts in ads or corporate communication project professional and high-quality values. Minimalism, critics warn, could alienate a much wider audience. By effectively working with negative space, designers help users navigate easier and enhance usability in digital design. This literature that has been theorized in this study refers to negative space as an active agent instead of a passive absence. In contrast, it is something in design that is expressive, functional and rich in culture. Ultimately, it has an active role in shaping how we interpret, think, and feel when engaging with printed and online text.

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Negative Space, Visual Communication, Minimalism, Branding, User Experience.

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The present study focuses on examining the impact of concentration on happiness on university students . A sample of 130 students was administered with the concentration scale developed by Derryberry & Reed. (2002),Happiness scale developed by Hills & Argyle,(2002). The impact of concentration on happiness was examined using Mann - Whitney U test. The results reflect that individuals with low levels of concentration tend to experience lower levels of happiness, while those with high levels of concentration report greater happiness.

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concentration at two levels low and high , happiness and university students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Despite worldwide attempts to reduce carbon dioxide (CO?) emissions, their rise persists, making it critical to explore other methods for addressing climate change. Microbial carbon fixation, which leverages the metabolic abilities of different microorganisms to convert CO? into useful bioproducts, is a promising sustainable approach. The efficacy and scope of CO? usage have significantly increased due to recent advancements in microbial biotechnology, particularly in technologies like microbial fuel cells (MFCs), bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production platforms. This review investigates the diversity of carbon-fixing microbes, advanced biotechnological techniques that increase their effectiveness, and the use of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering to enhance CO? capture. We also emphasize the potential prospects and the difficulties related to scaling up, with an emphasis on industrial and environmental uses. A comprehensive summary of new findings is presented, including data from forty important studies on this topic.

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Microbial carbon fixation, CO? conversion, Bio electrochemical systems (BESs), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Synthetic biology

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In the modern era all aspects of education, from admittance to examination, are being approached differently. The use of communication and internet technologies has completely changed the education system. Every human and every institution are using internet, computers or some electronic gadgets. This improves the communication between the relatives, family members and also with office and other institutions. Usage of these kinds of communicative devices for the teaching learning process when the students are away from the institution is highly improved. But the students should be prepared and have positive attitude towards online learning. This study assesses the attitude of 11th class students towards online learning. Descriptive survey method is adopted to carry out this research. 11th class students studying in Thiruvallur district are the population of this study.180 students were chosen through stratified random sampling technique for the study. The investigator constructed a tool to assess the attitude towards online learning. The 11th class students are found to have average level of attitude towards online learning in particular. 11th class male students possess significantly higher attitude towards online learning than their female counterparts. Locality and type of school management are not found to influence the attitude towards online learning of 11th class students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Attitude towards online learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition