Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are crucial for identifying malicious activities and security breaches in computer networks. Traditional IDS techniques, such as signature-based detection, are limited in their ability to detect new or sophisticated attacks. This paper presents an enhancement of IDS by incorporating graph theory to model network behavior and detects anomalies that may indicate potential intrusions. By representing network traffic and interactions as graphs, where nodes correspond to entities like users, devices, and servers, and edges represent interactions, IDS can detect subtle deviations from normal behavior patterns. We propose a graph-based anomaly detection algorithm that leverages graph traversal techniques and centrality metrics for identifying anomalies. Additionally, we explore scalability challenges and the integration of machine learning to further enhance the detection accuracy of the IDS. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of graph theory's role in modern IDS and proposes solutions to improve real-time detection in large-scale networks.

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 Keywords

Keywords-- IDS, DDoS, Graph-Based Anomaly Detection Algorithm (GBADA)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Prominent Indian novelist and philanthropist Sudha Murty has made important contributions to children's literature by incorporating moral, ethical, and humanitarian principles into straightforward yet meaningful tales. Her books for young readers are effective moral education resources that foster compassion, generosity, empathy, and a profound regard for human dignity. The dual themes of women's empowerment and humanitarian principles as they are represented in Sudha Murty's children's books are examined in this research paper. Murty teaches kids the concept of treating people with love, respect, and compassion via captivating stories. These qualities are fundamental to the study of ethics and axiology. She also gently but successfully emphasizes the potential, strength, and resiliency of women and girls, sowing the seeds of gender equality and empowerment in the minds of young people. Tales include How I Teach My Grandmother to Read and Write, Grandma's Bag of Stories, and The Magic of Lost Temple. Include moral quandaries, strong female characters, and commonplace situations that mirror current events. By presenting women as intelligent, clever, and kind individuals, Murty questions gender norms and inspires kids to see women as equal members of society. This essay examines a few of Murty's children's novels to show how she instils a profound ethical knowledge in young readers through realistic narratives and straightforward language. Her tales serve as social reflectors, inspiring kids to acknowledge and embrace women's rights and potential in addition to modeling humanitarian ideals in their own conduct. Through her writing, Sudha Murty becomes a role model for raising future citizens who are gender aware and socially conscious.

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 Keywords

Ethics, humanitarian perspective, humanism, human propensity, philanthropy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) constitute the most essential skills that enable children to read with understanding and perform basic mathematical operations. Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is recognized as the critical stage for developing these abilities, as the first eight years of life lay the groundwork for lifelong learning. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has identified the attainment of FLN by all children by the end of Grade 3 as an urgent national mission, emphasizing play-based, activity-oriented, and developmentally appropriate pedagogical practices. This paper discusses effective pedagogical strategies for promoting FLN in ECCE in the light of NEP 2020. It highlights approaches such as Activity-Based and Play-Oriented Learning, Multisensory and Experiential Approach, Mother-Tongue/ Home Languages- Based Learning, Integrating Literacy and Numeracy in daily life, Developmentally Appropriate Practices, Technology- Enabled Learning, Continuous Assessment for Learning, Inclusive and Equitable Practices, Teacher Capacity Building, Parental and Community Engagement. These strategies ensure joyful, inclusive, and contextually relevant learning for children, particularly those from tribal and marginalized communities. The study underscores that achieving universal FLN requires not only innovative pedagogy but also teacher capacity building, parental engagement, and systemic support through initiatives like NIPUN Bharat Mission. Strengthening FLN in ECCE is, therefore, not merely an academic requirement but a social responsibility to ensure equity, quality, and holistic development for all children in India.

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 Keywords

PEDAGOGICAL, FOUNDATIONAL LITERACY AND NUMERACY, EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND EDUCATION, NEP-2020

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Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the most important sugar crop worldwide and a key bioenergy resource. Over the last decade (2013-2023), significant progress has been made in the development and adoption of improved sugarcane genotypes. These advances include enhanced yield potential, improved sucrose recovery, tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, and resistance against major diseases like red rot and smut. In parallel, molecular breeding, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and transgenic approaches have been applied in sugarcane improvement programs, though adoption remains uneven across countries. This review synthesizes data from FAO, ICAR, and published studies to highlight global and regional progress in sugarcane genotype improvement.

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 Keywords

Sugarcane, Genotypes, Stress tolerance, Molecular breeding, Varietal development, FAO

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Insurance industry in India is one of the fastest-growing Industry. After liberalisation, the insurance sector adopted significant changes, resulting in the restructuring of the Indian economy. A company with a proper investment policy and profitability along with the safety of the funds will grow and sustain in the long run. The objective of the study is to analyse the financial performance and the relationship between the variables of the selected General Insurance Companies in India. The study is analytical in nature based on secondary data which has been collected from Hand Book of General Insurance Companies published by IRDA, Annual Report of IRDA and other GIC, websites etc. for the period 2017-18 to 2021-22. A Growth Rate Analysis and Correlation is performed to know the relationship between Premium income and other important factor like Profit After Tax, Commission & Operating Expenses. The study of Growth rate analysis confirms a higher growth rate in net premiums for private insurers like HDFC ERGO compared to public sector Companies. While commission expenses decreased across the board, operating expenses varied. HDFC ERGO showed a positive correlation between profit and operating expenses, suggesting higher expenses might be linked to growth strategy. Strong positive correlations between premium income and claim incurred indicate profitability management.

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General Insurance, Public Sector, Private Sector, Growth Rate Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of photovoltaic (PV) performance modeling techniques, categorizing them into mathematical, analytical, and computational approaches. It examines the strengths and limitations of each category, focusing on their ability to accurately simulate and predict PV system behavior under diverse environmental conditions. Mathematical models offer simplicity and closed-form solutions, while analytical models provide deeper physical insights through fundamental equations. Computational models, leveraging advanced numerical methods and machine learning, demonstrate enhanced adaptability and robustness. The review highlights the evolution of modeling techniques, emphasizing the trend towards incorporating dynamic environmental factors and advanced computational methods. It also identifies critical research gaps, including the validation of models under extreme conditions, the development of dynamic models, and the quantification of uncertainties. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of selecting an appropriate modeling approach based on specific application requirements and underscores the potential of hybrid models for achieving improved accuracy and reliability in PV system performance prediction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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PV Cell Modeling, Mathematical Modeling, Analytical Modeling, Computational Modeling, Irradiance Modeling, Temperature Modeling, Power Forecasting

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The institution of Waqf has played a pivotal role in Islamic charitable traditions, acting as a foundation for social, religious, and educational welfare. In India, waqf properties constitute a significant share of religious endowments, governed by a series of legislations culminating in the Waqf Act, 1995, and its amendments. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical evolution of waqf, legislative developments, judicial pronouncements, and constitutional issues, while addressing contemporary challenges such as corruption, encroachment, and lack of digitization. Comparative insights from Turkey, Malaysia, and Pakistan are incorporated, followed by recommendations for modernization and governance reforms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Waqf, Islamic Law, Waqf Act, Minority Rights, Constitutional Law, Governance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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color mind test, attention span

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Impact of online education on mental health of students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Impact of online education on mental health of students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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OUPONIBESHIK BANGLAY KARIGAR! BIDYACHORCHA: PROSANGA BENGAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE EBONG BANGALI KARIGAR

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OUPONIBESHIK BANGLAY KARIGAR! BIDYACHORCHA: PROSANGA BENGAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE EBONG BANGALI KARIGAR

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition