Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: The United Nations Convention unanimously define the reasonable accommodation of persons with disabilities as follows: ... "necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms". The famous Genevan Philosopher-cum-Sociologist Jean-Jacques Rousseau capsulates; "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains" and an American Philosopher Henry David Thoreau observes as; "Man does not always live by laws and justice but by Grace", these three statements knock every sensitive mind to think seriously about the traditional evil practices of human discrimination on the basis of corporeally and psycho-socially deviations. But, the sufferings and subjugations of the marginalized persons across the globe are the never-ending miserable experiences. Scientific advancement in medical field and societal spaces enormously and tremendously hit the delicacies and intricacies of the status of marginalized person or groups of persons. Irrespective of the geographical frontiers, race, religion, culture, caste, creed, color, gender, polity, ethnicity and ethics the marginality in the society and in an advanced stage, the marginality among the marginals is still prevailing, proactive, alive and burning the very basic existence of the human diversity and mankind ecosystem. The persons with corporeally disabled are 'not only simply marginalized, but also the marginals among the marginalized too'. Millennium Development Sustainable Goals emphasizes on; Education for All, Health for All, Employability and Skill Oriented Opportunities for All - means irrespective of the psycho-physical barriers of an individual to enable them to attain self-reliance and humility. Innumerable number of policies and programs initiated, promoted and propagated by the governmental and non-governmental agencies at all stages of public-private-participatory modes of administration across the globe striving hard to minimize and dilute the gravity of the pain and agonal issues of the marginalized sect of persons with corporeally disabled to curb the extent and effects of evil practices of societal attitudes towards them. In this regard education i.e., elementary, secondary and higher education stages are pro introductory towards the eradicative measures related to inclusion of persons with disability in all spheres viz., socio-cultural-religious-political domains. Hence, the efforts are on with slow motion pace to publicize the process of transformation of social inclusion as a public friendly initiative through interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. In order to attain the meaningful outcomes through time oriented visionary tasks and schedules; well structured, rationally calculated, scientifically analyzed, holistically perceived and spirally managed specific discipline is essentially required to be existed independently. Accordingly, by the efforts of a few thinkers and educationists across the globe have resulted in establishment of Disability Studies as an independent discipline to address the issues of the persons with disability in a systematic, proper and rational manner duly encouraging the stake holders to come forward to raise their voices against the violence and discrimination they face. At this juncture, the very existence of the Disability Studies as an independent department or discipline of studies at higher education ladder, the quantum of humanly deserved and socio-culturally bound niceties will be more vested with the said discipline pushing the same towards the paradigm shift through expansion by means of interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. As a continuum of the assertions and arguments cited above, the well-structured and scientifically carved transdisciplinary mode of approach is expected to enhance the; exchange of knowledge and learning, focus on addressing a specific problem, embraced broader perspective, social interaction and collaboration, knowledge co-creation, equitable involvement, recognizing the interconnectedness, long-term perspective, implications and potential consequences of actions, innovative approaches, shared ownership of goals, processes and outcomes, all voices are heard and valued, flexibly organized structures etc.....so on and so forth. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the positive role of transdisciplinary approach followed by interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary to enhance and emphasize the quandaries and concerns of the victims, stakeholders, activists, visionaries and entrepreneurs of the filed of Disability Studies and compel the public administrative system to make this issue a 'mass concern' and constrain the society to modify and transform its biased attitude into an acceptable act for the persons with disability duly respecting their existence as they are in order to promote equity and equality of opportunity.

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KEY WORDS: Vested, Nicety, Marginality, Social Exclusion, Interdisciplinary, Multidisciplinary, Transdisciplinary, Subjugation, Sufferings, Socio-Cultural-Political Implications, quandaries, paradigm shift, humility

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The study titled, "Smart Phone Addiction and Facebook Usage of Secondary School Students of Educational Zone Banihal" was descriptive in nature. The study was conducted on 200 secondary school students which were randomly selected from different schools of Banihal. The data was collected by using standardized tools and was analyzed by using percentage and t-test and Correlational Ananlysis. The main findings of the study revealed that; ? Smart Phone Addiction was found more in females of Secondary School Students of Educational Zone Banihal as compared to male Secondary School Students of Educational Zone Banihal of Jammu and Kashmir. ? No significant difference in Mean Scores of Facebook Usage of Secondary School students of Educational Zone Banihal with respect to their Gender was found. ? No significant correlation between Mean Scores of Smart Phone Addiction and Mean Scores of Facebook Usage of Secondary School Students belonging to Educational zone of Banihal of Jammu and Kashmir was found.

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Smart Phone, Facebook, Addiction, Random, Descriptive

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All areas of development are affected due to the pandemic, but if we talk about the education sector, it has been seriously affected. The biggest example of which is Covid-19. The country had to bear the brunt of the lockdown during Covid 19. Due to the lockdown, many changes came in the lives of students, during the pandemic about 32 crore students missed school, college and they got away from educational activities. Considering the future of the students and the importance of education, online education was started, which is a good option to maintain continuity in education, it is not that we were not aware of online education before the pandemic, even before that students and educational institutions used to resort to this medium for teaching and learning, but then it was optional that through which medium the students and educational institutions want to study and teach, but the pandemic made this option necessary for every student and educational institution and at the time of lockdown it emerged as a light in the darkness for the education sector, which showed the way to the educational institutions that in which direction they have to go. Therefore, it has become necessary to create an e-learning platform by strengthening the online teaching learning mechanism through WhatsApp, Zoom Meet, Google Meet, YouTube Live, Facebook Live etc. through laptop, desktop, tablet or smartphone via the Internet. Online education has emerged as a strong base to deal with the obstacles in the field of education during the pandemic.

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Pandemic, lockdown, online education, digitalisation, social distancing etc.

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Abstract: The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into democratic governance marks one of the most transformative developments of the digital age. AI promises to improve policy-making through enhanced efficiency, data-driven insights, and responsive service delivery. At the same time, it raises profound concerns about transparency, accountability, human agency, and the preservation of democratic values. This paper critically examines the dual impact of AI on democracy, focusing on its potential to enrich citizen participation and policy outcomes while highlighting the dangers of algorithmic bias, technocratic overreach, and the erosion of political equality. Drawing on theoretical debates, empirical case studies, and emerging regulatory frameworks, the paper argues that sustainable integration of AI into democratic systems requires a careful balance between technological innovation and core democratic principles, underpinned by ethical guidelines, institutional reforms, and active public engagement.

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artificial intelligence, democracy, policy making, algorithmic bias, sustainable integration

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This case study delves into Nike's strategic evolution in response to the rise of the creator economy and the shifting dynamics of consumer behaviour in the digital age. As traditional advertising models began to lose their influence--particularly among Gen Z and Millennial consumers--Nike recognized the need to pivot its branding strategy. Historically reliant on high-profile athlete endorsements, the brand began transitioning toward a more decentralized, authentic, and community-focused model of marketing built around influencers and content creators. By collaborating with a wide spectrum of influencers--including Nano-, micro-, macro-, and celebrity-level figures--Nike built a multi-platform presence across TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and emerging social ecosystems. These influencers were not just brand promoters but co-creators, helping Nike communicate its values of innovation, inclusivity, empowerment, and sustainability in a relatable and culturally relevant manner. The case explores the core components of Nike's influencer marketing strategies. The study provides a comparative analysis of traditional vs. influencer marketing ROI, evaluating Nike's success in terms of engagement rates, content lifespan, brand favourability, and conversion metrics. Special attention is given to campaigns like "You Can't Stop Us" and "Move with Nike", which exemplify the brand's ability to blend storytelling with platform-native engagement. The study investigates the challenges of influencer marketing, such as maintaining brand consistency across diverse voices, avoiding influencer fatigue, and safeguarding against reputational risks. It also discusses Nike's use of AI and analytics platforms (like Creator IQ and Upfluence) to optimize campaign performance and mitigate these risks. Ultimately, this case positions Nike as a pioneering legacy brand in the influencer marketing space--balancing scalability with personalization, and tradition with innovation. The findings not only highlight Nike's success but also provide a framework for other global brands seeking to thrive in the evolving landscape of social media-driven, creator-led brand engagement.

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A Study on Nike's Influencer Playbook: An authenticity and ROI in the Creator Economy

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पंडित दीनदयाल उपाध्याय न केवल एक राजनेता थे, बल्कि भारतीय चिंतन परंपरा के एक ऐसे मौलिक विचारक थे जिन्होंने पश्चिमी राजनीतिक और आर्थिक सिद्धांतों के बीच एक भारतीय विकल्प प्रस्तुत किया। उनका ‘एकात्म मानववाद’ एक ऐसी समन्वित दृष्टि है, जिसमें मनुष्य को केवल आर्थिक उत्पादक या उपभोक्ता नहीं, बल्कि एक चैतन्य, नैतिक और आध्यात्मिक सत्ता के रूप में देखा गया है। उन्होंने यह स्पष्ट किया कि भारतीय समाज की रचना, उसकी आवश्यकताएँ और उसकी चेतना पश्चिमी समाजों से भिन्न है, अतः इसके समाधान भी भारतीय संस्कृति की अंतःप्रेरणा से ही निकल सकते हैं। उनकी विचारधारा यह मानती है कि समाज, व्यक्ति और राष्ट्र अलग-अलग नहीं, बल्कि एक अविभाज्य इकाई के रूप में जुड़े हुए हैं। जिस प्रकार शरीर के विभिन्न अंग मिलकर शरीर की क्रियाशीलता और स्वास्थ्य को बनाए रखते हैं, उसी प्रकार व्यक्ति, परिवार, समाज और राष्ट्र एक जीवंत इकाई के रूप में कार्य करते हैं। एकात्म मानववाद में इस जीवन-दृष्टि को केंद्रीय स्थान प्राप्त है। इसके अनुसार, समाज की प्रगति तभी संभव है जब व्यक्ति का सर्वांगीण विकास हो और वह विकास केवल आर्थिक नहीं, बल्कि शारीरिक, मानसिक, बौद्धिक और आत्मिक चारों स्तरों पर हो। उपाध्याय जी का मानना था कि केवल योजनाओं और आंकड़ों के सहारे समाज का विकास नहीं किया जा सकता, जब तक उस समाज की आत्मा को न समझा जाए। वे इस बात पर बल देते थे कि भारत का विकास स्वदेशी सिद्धांतों और भारतीय संस्कृति की आत्मा के अनुरूप ही संभव है। उनके अनुसार, पूंजीवाद जहां व्यक्ति को अत्यधिक स्वार्थी और भोगवादी बनाता है, वहीं साम्यवाद व्यक्ति को राज्य का दास बना देता है और उसकी स्वतंत्रता तथा सृजनशीलता का ह्रास करता है। इन दोनों का विरोध करते हुए उन्होंने एक ऐसा मार्ग सुझाया जो व्यक्ति की गरिमा, समाज की एकता, और राष्ट्र की सांस्कृतिक पहचान को एकसूत्र में बांधता है। एकात्म मानववाद एक तरह से भारतीय समाज के पुनर्गठन की रूपरेखा है, जो आर्थिक योजनाओं, सामाजिक संरचना और राजनीतिक दिशा को एक साझा सांस्कृतिक दृष्टि में समाहित करता है। इस विचार में ग्राम स्वराज, विकेन्द्रीकरण, स्थानीय संसाधनों पर आधारित आत्मनिर्भरता और नैतिक मूल्यों पर आधारित नेतृत्व के दर्शन मिलते हैं। उन्होंने यह संदेश दिया कि तकनीक और विज्ञान का उपयोग अवश्य किया जाए, परंतु वह भारतीय मूल्यों और जीवनशैली के अनुरूप हो। आज जबकि भारत तीव्र आर्थिक विकास, शहरीकरण और वैश्वीकरण के दौर से गुजर रहा है, एकात्म मानववाद की यह चेतना अत्यंत प्रासंगिक हो गई है। यह केवल एक राजनीतिक वैकल्पिक विचारधारा नहीं, बल्कि राष्ट्र की सांस्कृतिक और आध्यात्मिक पुनर्रचना का मार्गदर्शन करती है। यह दृष्टि हमें यह समझने में मदद करती है कि भारत का पुनर्निर्माण केवल भौतिक संसाधनों से नहीं, बल्कि आत्मा से जुड़ी विचारधाराओं से होगा — जहां व्यक्ति के भीतर दायित्वबोध, समाज के प्रति संवेदना और राष्ट्र के लिए समर्पण की भावना हो। इस प्रकार, पंडित दीनदयाल उपाध्याय का एकात्म मानववाद आज के समय में एक वैचारिक पथप्रदर्शक के रूप में खड़ा है, जो भारतीय चिंतन की मौलिकता, उसकी व्यापकता और समग्रता का प्रतीक बन चुका है। उनके विचार आज भी हमें यह स्मरण कराते हैं कि भारत का भविष्य तभी उज्जवल होगा जब उसकी आत्मा, संस्कृति और मूल्य उसके विकास के केंद्र में होंगे।

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दीनदयाल उपाध्याय एकात्म मानववाद, भारतीय सामाजिक संरचना, ग्राम स्वराज, विकास और संस्कृति, मानव विकास

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In our ancient Tamil Kingdoms described by the Sangam Age, in a war, the power king "Annihilates" his enemies, their kingdom and generally do not stop the war and its destruction, in spite of the sufferings to the people, natural resources and properties of the enemy kingdom. A king of any kingdom is also so compassionate towards his people and all living things! This character is expressed in the literary works describing the 7 great benefactors who were Pari, Valvil Ori, Nedumudi Kari, Began, Aai Andiran, Nalli and Adhiyaman. If kings, upholding such values and virtues of benefaction, also engage in complete annihilation of their enemies, then what can be the internal prompt or force for the king's behaviour? What can be the possible psychological underpinnings of such act? This article attempts to explore the same and present the same..

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Fear, Anxiety, Annihilation, Flight or Fight Syndrome, Responding, Reacting

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Vegetation Change, NDVI, Remote sensing, Change detection, Change detection

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In India, Weaving is one of the oldest crafts in human history. Weaving is a timeless skill that has been performed for ages globally. It consists of intertwining threads or yarns to produce a fabric. In India, various types of beds have existed for thousands of years. It is unknown when sheeting was first used to keep the sleeper comfortable but it is likely that the first true bed sheets were linen. This study is to collect boutique waste and using them into making of bedsheets. This research has demonstrated, recycling of boutique waste fabrics on bedsheets with weaving that have passed down from one generation to another. On such weaving art that have stood even thousands of years. Innovation was taken by recycling boutique waste fabrics on bedsheets with weaving for college going girls and for that weaving designs were selected to be made on glace cotton Fabric. Firstly, weaving designs were randomly selected for the bedsheets. Secondly, 10 weaving designs designed on Adobe Illustrator and then each design survey was conducted and interviewed with college going girls( Graduated and Post Graduated Students) with age limit 18-25 years and then a survey is conducted for the most preferred designs. After selection of designs placements of bedsheets were done and then again a survey is conducted for the most preferred weaving designs on bedsheets. Then we got the Final 3 articles of recycling boutique waste fabrics on bedsheets with weaving, which got more acceptability rather than other.

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Recycling Boutique Waste, Sustainable, Weaving, Bedsheet, Recycling, Textile waste

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Sociologically, a deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied while a deviant behaviour is one that people so label. Deviance lies in the eyes of the beholder. There is nothing inherently deviant in any particular attitude, act, or condition, until some section or groups define them as deviant. Deviance only exists when it is created by society. Hence, the ethos of the society of the time is kernal in labelling acts and persons. As deviancy can be in attitude, behaviour and conditions, so too, theories of deviancy are of psychological, biological and sociological. Psychological theories address attitudinal deviancy, while biological theories respond to behaviour deviancy and sociological theories answers to sociological deviancy. Thus 'ABC' of deviancy is explained by the 'PBS' theories of deviancy. Social determinism approach stresses that though human beings are endowed with free will, it gets neutralised in the social situations and, finally, the individual gives in to the ways of society. Social Disorganisation theory suggests that disorganized societies tend to have more deviants; and Anomie theory holds that it is normlessness that leads individuals to deviancy while social control theory reasons that most people would avoid deviant behaviour if they have a strong bond with social conventions (norms) and institutions like family, religion and state. Social learning theory asserts that every new member in the society learns socially acceptable as well as unacceptable (deviant) behaviour from his/her surroundings and the preceding generation(s). Differential association and learning theory further consolidates that it is not just anyone but rather, it is from the most significant persons, friends and neighbours that most behaviour are learned. Social milieu and neighbourhood, therefore, are of crucial importance in developing deviants. Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) ultimately comprehends these different components and streams them in a triadic order of personal, social and environment factors. All the three exert sway at three levels- Ultimate/underlying causes, Distal or predisposing influences and Proximal or immediate predictors- which lead to an individual's choice of decisions, experiment and, finally behaviour. This paper is a theoretical discourse that concludes the view that deviancy and deviant behaviour are subject to society and the historical time, not permanent or absolute.

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Deviancy; Attitude, Behaviour and Conditions (ABC); Psychological, Biological and Sociological (PBS); Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI); Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs (ATOD); Experimental Tobacco Use (ETU); Experimental Alcohol Use (EAU); Social Referents.

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