Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

In conclusion, this comparative review reinforces that both CS and PRP have legitimate roles in the management of chronic plantar fasciitis, but their utility differs fundamentally. Corticosteroids remain the agent of choice for short-term pain relief, especially when rapid return to function is paramount. Platelet-rich plasma, however, offers superior medium- to long-term improvements in pain, function, and safety, making it the more sustainable option for chronic cases. Clinicians should therefore adopt an individualized, stepwise approach, integrating patient goals, chronicity of symptoms, and risk profiles into the decision-making process. By aligning treatment choice with patient needs, healthcare providers can optimize outcomes, minimize complications, and move closer to resolving the persistent clinical challenge of chronic plantar fasciitis.

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Zuo, A., He, P., Zhou, Y., Hu, Y., & Tian, D. (2025). Platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection for plantar fasciitis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 20(1), 55.

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and caregiver engagement. Interventions that educate parents and promote interactive, balanced media environments are essential, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where reliance on screens is rapidly increasing.

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and caregiver engagement. Interventions that educate parents and promote interactive, balanced media environments are essential, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where reliance on screens is rapidly increasing.

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Background: Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common anatomical abnormality causing nasal obstruction, sleep disturbance, recurrent sinusitis, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Septoplasty is the standard surgical treatment, and in recent decades, endoscopic techniques have been introduced to enhance precision and reduce complications. Evaluating the impact of endoscopic septoplasty on QoL is crucial for guiding clinical decision-making, particularly in Indian healthcare settings where routine use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is limited. Aim: To systematically assess the impact of endoscopic septoplasty on QoL in adults with DNS and to compare its effectiveness and safety with conventional septoplasty. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and meta-analyses that reported QoL outcomes using validated PROMs-- such as the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT- 22), and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI)--were included. Data on demographics, baseline scores, postoperative changes at 1, 3, and 6 months, and complication rates were extracted and synthesized narratively. Results: Patients undergoing endoscopic septoplasty demonstrated substantial improvement in QoL, with mean NOSE reductions of approximately -48 points at six months and SNOT-22 improvements of 18-20 points, both exceeding minimal clinically important difference thresholds. Symptom relief was evident at one month and remained stable up to 12 months. Compared with conventional septoplasty, endoscopic techniques showed comparable PROM gains but with significantly fewer complications, including reduced synechiae and hemorrhage. Predictors of poorer outcomes included allergic rhinitis, psychological distress, and nasal valve dysfunction.Conclusion: Endoscopic septoplasty is a safe, effective, and patient-centered intervention that provides rapid and sustained QoL improvements in adults with DNS. Incorporation of PROMs such as NOSE and SNOT-22 into routine Indian practice is recommended to standardize outcome measurement. Larger multicenter Indian RCTs with long-term follow-up are warranted to strengthen evidence- based practice.

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Keywords: Deviated nasal septum, Endoscopic septoplasty, Quality of life, NOSE scale, SNOT- 22, PROMs

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Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing global prevalence and substantial socioeconomic burden. Traditionally explained by epidermal barrier defects and immune dysregulation, AD is now recognized as a systemic disorder influenced by the gut-skin axis, where alterations in the gut microbiome contribute to disease initiation and progression. Aim: This review synthesizes current evidence on the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD and evaluates microbiome-targeted management strategies including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Findings: Patients with AD exhibit gut dysbiosis characterized by reduced microbial diversity, depletion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing taxa, and impaired tryptophan and bile acid metabolism. These microbial changes promote Th2/Th17-skewed immune responses, barrier dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. Preventive probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and infancy reduces AD risk by approximately 20%, particularly with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium breve. Treatment trials demonstrate modest, strain-specific improvements in clinical scores (SCORAD/EASI), though results remain inconsistent. Prebiotics and synbiotics show emerging potential, while postbiotic strategies remain experimental. Dietary interventions, especially Mediterranean-style diets and fermented foods, enhance microbial diversity and exert anti-inflammatory effects, whereas restrictive elimination diets without confirmed food allergies are discouraged. Early RCTs of capsule-based FMT in moderate-to-severe AD demonstrate clinically meaningful reductions in disease severity with good short-term safety. Conclusion: The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target. While probiotics and dietary modulation offer safe, accessible adjuncts, FMT and postbiotics require further validation. Future research should focus on strain-specificinterventions, standardized biomarkers, long-term safety, and personalized microbiome profiling to enable precision medicine in AD management.

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Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; gut microbiome; probiotics; synbiotics; fecal microbiota transplantation; gut-skin axis; precision dermatology.

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Background: Appendicitis remains one of the most common surgical emergencies worldwide. While laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has become the preferred approach in high-resource hospitals, its role in rural and low-resource settings is less well defined due to infrastructural constraints, limited training, and cost concerns. Evaluating whether LA provides measurable recovery advantages in these environments is essential for guiding surgical policy and practice. Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (inception-August 2025). Eligible studies compared LA with open appendectomy (OA) in rural or resource-constrained hospitals. Data were extracted on length of stay (LOS), surgical site infections (SSI), postoperative pain, time to return to activity/work, intra-abdominal abscess (IAA), and cost. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Narrative synthesis and random- effects meta-analysis were performed where feasible. Results: Thirty-four studies were included, comprising six randomized trials, twenty cohort studies, three registry analyses, and five rural implementation reports. LA consistently shortened LOS by 1-3 days and reduced SSI rates by 5-15% compared with OA. Secondary outcomes favored LA, with lower pain scores, earlier return to activity, and fewer analgesic requirements. IAA rates were comparable between groups. Cost analyses demonstrated that LA was frequently cost-neutral or cost-saving in rural contexts due to reduced complications and hospitalization. Feasibility studies highlighted the potential of gasless laparoscopy, tele-mentoring, and low-cost innovations to expand access in low-resource hospitals. Conclusion: LA should be considered the default surgical approach for appendicitis in rural hospitals where feasible. Strategic investment in training, tele-mentoring, and affordable laparoscopic technologies is critical to enable safe and sustainable implementation in resource- constrained settings.

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Keywords: Laparoscopic appendectomy, Open appendectomy, Rural surgery, Postoperative recovery, Low-resource hospitals

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This paper examines the subtle portrayal of romantic affection in Bhavabh?ti's Mah?v?racarita, focusing on the delicate rendering of p?rvar?ga--the initial stirrings of love--between R?ma and S?t?. While the play is predominantly centered on the heroic (v?ra) rasa, Bhavabh?ti skilfully carves out space for emotionally rich, virtue-based affection (sneha), distinct from sensual desire (vasan?). The paper analyzes how the poet highlights spiritual love, visual delight (cak?u?-pr?ti), mutual respect (?raddh?), and moral admiration as essential foundations for an ideal conjugal bond. The study contrasts this restrained romanticism with the more passion-infused love in M?lat?m?dhava, positioning Bhavabh?ti as a literary forerunner who anticipates later dramatic expressions of refined emotional realism. Ultimately, the analysis underscores the poet's emphasis on inner virtue (gu?a), lineage, and ethical conduct over physical beauty as the basis for enduring love and marriage.

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Mah?v?racarita, Bhavabh?ti, R?ma and S?t?, p?rvar?ga, sneha, cak?u?-pr?ti, v?rarasa, virtue (gu?a), spiritual love, mutual respect (?raddh?), vasan?, conjugal affection, Sanskrit dR?ma , emotional realism.

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বৰ্তমান অসমীয়া নাট্য সাহিত্য জগতৰ এটি পৰিচিত নাম হৰেন শইকীয়া। হৰেন শইকীয়াই ‘আবেলিৰ ৰং’, ‘এজাক পক্ষীৰ কলৰব’, ‘দেওশাল’, ‘ভূমিপুত্ৰ’, ‘দেৱদসী’, ‘সত্ৰযজ্ঞ’, ‘মৈদাম’ আৰু ‘মাংৰি’ এই নখন পূৰ্ণাঙ্গ নাট ৰচনা কৰি অসমীয়া নাট্য সাহিত্যলৈ মূল্যৱান বৰঙণি আগবঢ়াইছে। তেওঁ ৰৰ খন একাংকিকা নাট, চ্ছ্ৰ খন বাটৰ নাট, এখন ৰেডিঅ’ নাট, এখন গল্প নাট, এখন নৃত্য-নাটিকা, চ্ছ্ৰ খন চিত্ৰনাট্য ৰচনা কৰিছে। নাটকৰ বিষয়বস্তু নিৰ্বাচনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাট্যকাৰগৰাকীয়ে বিশেষ দক্ষতা প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। হৰেন শইকীয়াৰ নাটকৰ বিষয়বস্তুত এখন সংস্কাৰকামী সমাজ গঢ়িতোলাৰ গভীৰ আকাংক্ষা পৰিস্ফুট হোৱা দেখা যায়। হৰেন শইকীয়াৰ এখনি উল্লেখযোগ্য পূৰ্ণাঙ্গ নাটক হ’ল- ‘সত্ৰযজ্ঞ’। আমাৰ গৱেষণাধৰ্মী এই আলোচনা পত্ৰখনিৰ আলোচ্য বিষয় হৈছে- “হৰেন শইকীয়াৰ পূৰ্ণাঙ্গ নাটক ‘সত্ৰযজ্ঞ’- এটি বিশ্লেষণাত্মক আলোচনা।” ২০১৯ চনত ৰচনা কৰা ‘সত্ৰযজ্ঞ’ পূৰ্ণাঙ্গ নাটকখনি জ্ঝ টা দৃশ্যৰে সজ্জিত কৰিছে। নাটকখনিত নাট্যকাৰে অসমৰ সত্ৰসমূহৰ দৈনন্দিন ৰীতি-নীতি, সাংস্কৃতিক পৰম্পৰা প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ লগতে সত্ৰৰ কাষতে থকা চাহ বাগানীয়া সমাজৰ জীৱন গাঁথা, শোষণ-নিষ্পেষণৰ কাহিনী বৰ্ণিত হৈছে। সত্ৰযজ্ঞ নাটকৰ জৰিয়তে নাট্যকাৰে চাহ বাগানৰ বনুৱাসকলৰ জীৱন চিত্ৰ, সত্ৰ দৈন্দিন জীৱনৰ ৰীতি-নীতি, ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰা, সামাজিক দিশসমূহ দাঙি ধৰিছে। আমাৰ এই অধ্যয়নত সত্ৰসমূহৰ সামাজিক দায়বদ্ধতা, নৱবৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ সাম্যবাদৰ আদৰ্শ আৰু চাহ বাগানীয়া লোকসকলৰ সামাজিক উত্তৰণ, বৈষ্ণৱভাবাদৰ্শৰ প্ৰতি জাতি-জনজাতিসমূহৰ মনোভাৱ সম্পৰ্কে বিতংভাৱে আলোচনা দাঙি ধৰাই হৈছে গৱেষণা কৰ্মৰ মূল লক্ষ্য। গৱেষণা পত্ৰখনি প্ৰস্তুত কৰোঁতে বৰ্ণনাত্মক আৰু বিশ্লেষণাত্মক পদ্ধতিৰে আলোচনাৰ প্ৰয়াস কৰা হৈছে।

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সত্ৰ, সত্ৰযজ্ঞ, চাহ বাগানীয়া, হাৰিয়া, ধৰ্ম, শোষণ, সাম্যবাদ।

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Keywords: Diabetic macular edema, corticosteroids, dexamethasone implant, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone, OCS-01, topical therapy.

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This study examines the pivotal role of Project Management Information Systems (PMIS) in strengthening monitoring and evaluation (M&E) processes for externally aided development projects in developing countries. It identifies common challenges associated with M&E such as fragmented data, delayed reporting, and weak coordination and demonstrates how PMIS can address these limitations through automation, real-time data access, and improved accountability. The paper discusses a case study of the World Bank-funded Uttarakhand Decentralized Watershed Development Project (UDWDP Phase-2) in India and it analyses the structure and functionality of a customized PMIS developed by the Watershed Management Directorate (WMD). The system's integration of financial tracking, field data collection, GIS verification, and reporting significantly enhanced the project's operational efficiency and outcome monitoring. The findings underscore the importance of adopting robust digital systems like PMIS to improve transparency, effectiveness, and sustainability in development project implementation.

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Development Project; FMIS; IUFR; Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E); Project Management Information System (PMIS); UDWDP; Watershed Management Directorate (WMD); World Bank

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The project titled Ingredient Analyzer for Food and Cosmetics using Deep Learning aims to empower users by providing detailed insights into the ingredients of various food and cosmetic products. The main objective of the project is to identify potentially harmful ingredients and allergens, thereby helping consumers make informed decisions. This initiative promotes transparency between manufacturers and consumers while fostering health-conscious and eco-friendly consumption habits. The project is built on a foundation of deep learning methodologies, utilising advanced neural networks to analyse ingredient data accurately. A robust dataset comprising ingredient lists and their corresponding classifications was prepared, ensuring comprehensive coverage of both common and rare substances. The implementation involved data preprocessing, model training, and performance evaluation using metrics like accuracy and precision. The application is designed to offer an intuitive user interface with accessibility features, making it user - friendly and inclusive. Customised analysis and recommendations are integrated into the system, enabling personalized insights for different user requirements. The final product successfully identifies harmful ingredients with high accuracy, offering users clear and actionable information. It also educates them about lesser-known substances, contributing to greater awareness and informed choices. The highlights of the project include its capability to adapt to new data, provide real-time recommendations, and promote environmental sustainability. In conclusion, the Ingredient Analyzer is a step toward healthier living and responsible consumerism. Future enhancements could involve expanding the scope to include more product categories, incorporating real-time ingredient scanning through image recognition, and leveraging user feedback to refine the system. This project demonstrates the potential of deep learning in solving real-world challenges and bridging the gap between consumers and manufacturers.

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Ingredient Analyzet, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence

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