Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This study examines the role of males in polyandrous marriages in Tehsil- Moorang, District-Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh. On the basis of data collected from 20 co-husbands, used to explore their psychological relationships, economic cooperation, and cultural significance within this polyandrous marriage system. The Findings shows that polyandry supports shared livelihoods, preservation of land, strong cultural endorsement and generally low conflict. However, due to education and changing social values younger generations express challenges, signaling a potential shift away from the practice. The study highlights polyandry as a dynamic institution balancing tradition and modernity

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Keywords: Polyandry, Co-husbands, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, Economic Cooperation, psychological dynamics, Cultural traditions, Fraternal polyandry.

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Hamstring tightness, passive stretching, quadriceps strengthening, physiotherapists, Active Knee Extension (AKE) Test

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Matthew Arnold's "The Scholar-Gypsy" (1853) serves as a poignant encapsulation of Victorian anxiety, weaving the narrative of an Oxford scholar who forsakes the rigid confines of modern society to embrace the free-spirited life of a gypsy. This departure symbolizes a desperate quest for meaning amidst the era's tumultuous upheavals--industrialization's relentless pace, the erosion of religious faith following Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), and the fragmentation of social structures. The poem critiques modernity's frenetic energy through the evocative phrase "sick hurry" (Arnold, line 164), reflecting the exhaustion of a society grappling with scientific skepticism and cultural dislocation. Through close reading of Poems by Matthew Arnold: A New Edition (1853), cited by line numbers, and historical contextualization, this study examines the scholar's escape as a romantic ideal--a yearning for a pre-industrial harmony--while simultaneously portraying it as a futile dream, underscoring Arnold's ambivalence toward progress. The scholar's timeless wandering, set against the speaker's resigned envy, mirrors the Victorian struggle to reconcile tradition with innovation. The findings position the poem as a lament for lost unity, offering profound insights into Victorian identity and the perennial human search for purpose in an ever-evolving world, resonating with contemporary anxieties about meaning in modernity.

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Matthew Arnold, The Scholar-Gypsy, Victorian anxiety, quest for meaning, pastoral escape, modernity critique, determinism, faith crisis, Oxford legend, gypsy myth.

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Abstract The study aims to determine the prevalence of Nomophobia among undergraduate students. The methodology of the present study was a descriptive survey research design. Sample size of the study was 100 systematic random sampling technique was used for selecting samples. Nomophobia Questionnaire was used for collecting data. Data collection method was self-reporting questionnaire method data analysis was done with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. the result of the study reveals 57 (57.00%) of the total sample have moderate level of Nomophobia. There was a statistically significance association between level of Nomophobia and demographic variables like age, educational status and most frequent use of mobile phone. Conclusion of the study was awareness program must be conducted for students to educate about Nomophobia and its effects.

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Prevalence, Nomophobia, Undergraduate, Students.

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 Abstract

भारत में पंचायती राज प्रणाली को स्थानीय स्वशासन की रीढ़ माना जाता है, जिसका उद्देश्य ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में लोकतांत्रिक भागीदारी को सुनिश्चित करते हुए सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक विकास को गति प्रदान करना है। 73वें संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम, 1992 के बाद ग्राम पंचायतों को न केवल प्रशासनिक कार्यों का निर्वहन करने का अधिकार मिला, बल्कि उन्हें विकासात्मक योजनाओं के संचालन और जनकल्याण से जुड़ी गतिविधियों को लागू करने की जिम्मेदारी भी सौंपी गई। पंचायतें कृषि, सिंचाई, पशुपालन, ग्रामीण अवसंरचना, विद्युतीकरण, वृक्षारोपण, महिला एवं बाल विकास, खेलकूद तथा कौशल विकास जैसे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में सक्रिय भूमिका निभाती हैं। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन "पंचायतों के विकासात्मक कार्यों और ग्रामीण संतुष्टि स्तर का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन: बिलासपुर जिले के तखतपुर विकासखण्ड के ग्राम पंचायतों के विशेष संदर्भ में" इसी परिप्रेक्ष्य में किया गया है। अध्ययन हेतु तखतपुर विकासखण्ड के 10 ग्राम पंचायतों से कुल 120 उत्तरदाताओं का चयन किया गया। आंकड़ों के संकलन हेतु संरचित प्रश्नावली एवं साक्षात्कार विधि का प्रयोग किया गया और प्राप्त आंकड़ों का विश्लेषण सांख्यिकीय तकनीकों, विशेषतः काइ-स्क्वेयर परीक्षण, द्वारा किया गया। अध्ययन के निष्कर्षों से ज्ञात हुआ कि सिंचाई योजनाएँ, ग्रामीण सड़कें एवं जलस्रोत, विद्युतीकरण, महिला एवं बाल विकास कार्यक्रम तथा कौशल विकास योजनाएँ ग्रामीण संतुष्टि स्तर से अत्यधिक सार्थक रूप से जुड़ी हुई हैं। इसके विपरीत, पशुपालन एवं कृषि-संबंधित व्यवसाय तथा युवाओं के लिए खेलकूद गतिविधियों का ग्रामीण संतुष्टि स्तर पर कोई महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव नहीं पाया गया। वृक्षारोपण एवं पर्यावरण संरक्षण गतिविधियों का संतुष्टि स्तर पर सीमित किन्तु सार्थक प्रभाव देखा गया।

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पंचायत राज, ग्राम पंचायत, विकासात्मक कार्य, ग्रामीण संतुष्टि, सिंचाई, पशुपालन, अवसंरचना, विद्युतीकरण, वृक्षारोपण, महिला एवं बाल विकास, खेलकूद, कौशल विकास।

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Timed up and go (TUG) is a quick test used in clinical practice as an outcome measure to assess functional ambulatory mobility or dynamic balance in adults. TUG Cognitive (TUG-COG) a dual-task dynamic measure for identifying individuals who are at risk for falls used in Parkinson's , Stroke patients and patients with vestibular dysfunctions. However, its reliability in middle-aged adults, a demographic often overlooked in research, remains underexplored. Hence, the purpose of our study was to assess the intra-rater reliability of TUG-COG test in middle aged adults. The aim of the study is to assess intra rater reliability of Timed Up And Go Test in Cognitive (TUG Cog) in middle aged adults. 50 Subjects performed TUG COG three times consecutively while performing a cognitive task and time was recorded during each task.The TUG COG test shows strong reliability in middle-aged adults, with an ICC of 0.813 indicating high consistency in measurements. Similarly, a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.813 confirms strong internal consistency, suggesting the test reliably measures cognitive-motor performance in this group.The TUG COG test is a reliable tool for assessing cognitive and motor function in middle-aged adults, demonstrating strong intra-rater and internal consistency reliability. It is valuable for both clinical and research use in evaluating functional performance.

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Intra rater reliability , TUG COG , middle aged adults , Intraclass Correlation Coefficient

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Womanhood is a period in female's life after her transition from childhood to adolescence, after crossing age of 18 years. Sleep disorder is a common and complicated health problem, which causes morbidity, mortality, decreasing functional capacity and quality of life. Depression is a state which affects how the person feels, think and handle daily activities. Women have particular stressors that might affect their sleep patterns and mental health, whether they are employed or not. Therefore, this comparative study is essential for understanding how different lifestyles, responsibilities and stressors influence mental and physical health among working and non working women. The main aim of the study is to compare the sleep disturbance and depression level between working and non working women. The total sample comprised of 60 women (30 working and 30 non-working) from urban area of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat,state, India. The sample of the study adopted through simple random method. Pittsburgh sleep index and Beck's Depression Inventory were used to measure sleep disturbance and depression level respectively.The working women received higher mean score 9.53 as compared to the nonworking women 6.00 and the standard deviation score of working women received 1.07 and the non-working women received 0.78. So we can say that on working women have more sleep disturbance than the non working women.The working women received higher mean score 22.07 as compared to the non working women 12.10 and the standard deviation score of working women received 0.46 and the non-working women received 0.36. So we can say that working women have more depression level than the non working women. The current comparative study comes to the conclusion that working women experience much higher levels of depression and sleep problems than non-working women do.

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Sleep disturbance, depression, working women, non working women _____________________________________________________________

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in regulating the carbon and nitrogen cycles, two of the most critical biogeochemical processes sustaining life on Earth. In the carbon cycle, microbes contribute to the decomposition of organic matter, converting complex carbon compounds into simpler forms and releasing carbon dioxide (CO?) through respiration. Photosynthetic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, fix atmospheric CO?, supporting primary production in aquatic ecosystems. In anaerobic environments, methanogenic archaea produce methane (CH?), while methanotrophic bacteria help mitigate emissions by oxidizing methane to CO?. In the nitrogen cycle, microorganisms facilitate key transformations including nitrogen fixation, nitrification, ammonification, and denitrification. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N?) into ammonia (NH?), making it bioavailable to plants. Nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia into nitrites and nitrates, while denitrifying microbes return nitrogen to the atmosphere. These microbial processes are essential for nutrient availability, soil fertility, and greenhouse gas regulation. Understanding microbial contributions to carbon and nitrogen cycling is critical in the context of climate change, agriculture, and ecosystem sustainability. This review highlights the diversity, mechanisms, and environmental significance of microbial communities involved in these cycles, emphasizing their indispensable role in maintaining ecological balance.

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Microbial ecology, Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Biogeochemical processes, Soil microorganisms

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The rapid growth of data generation from diverse sources such as IoT devices, enterprise systems, and multimedia streams has led to the development of robust, scalable, and cost-efficient data pipelines. Hybrid cloud environments combining on-premises infrastructure with public cloud platforms offer a promising solution to address these demands by leveraging the strengths of both domains. This review article systematically explores recent advances in architecting end-to-end data pipelines within hybrid cloud ecosystems. Key architectural components, including data ingestion, processing, orchestration, storage, monitoring and security, are analyzed alongside their technological implementations. Experimental findings from recent literature demonstrate significant improvements in latency reduction, throughput enhancement, cost optimization, and fault tolerance when employing hybrid cloud strategies. Despite these advances, challenges remain in dynamic resource management, privacy preservation, and seamless integration of heterogeneous platforms

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Hybrid Cloud Computing, Data Pipelines, Edge Computing, Data Orchestration, Cloud Storage, Real-Time Analytics, Data Security, Fault Tolerance, Machine learning

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This conceptual paper explores the role of youth financial capability in shaping the future of sustainable finance. With increasing global emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, youth must be equipped with the financial knowledge and tools necessary to support sustainable economic development. This study proposes a theoretical framework that integrates financial literacy, access to digital financial tools, institutional support, and behavioral intention as core drivers of sustainable financial engagement. This framework contributes to the academic discourse by offering a foundation for future empirical research and policy development focused on empowering the next generation for a sustainable financial future.

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Financial Capability; Sustainable Finance; Financial Literacy; ESG Awareness; Digital Financial Tools; Behavioral Intention; Institutional Support; Financial Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition