Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Egdon heath in The Return of the Native is Thomas Hardy's immortal creation. It is a fictitious area which was included in his famous Wessex. Beyond its literal role as the novel's setting, it has a profound symbolic significance. It may be called the central character in the novel, and all other characters evolve out of it. It is an embodiment of what may be called Fate. It dominates all through the novel and ordains the course of the lives of characters. Like Fate, it is changeless, watchful, sinister, commanding, vengeful, retaliative, inscrutable, mysterious, and so on. Egdon stands for the blind force. Here Fate in the form of Egdon always wants to engulf all the men into its holes and caves. That is why the good (including Clym) as well as bad characters are victims of its caprice and wrath. And due to the merciless operation of Fate, the novel becomes a grim tragedy in spite of the Happy ending by means of the marriage of Thomasin and Venn.

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Heath, fate, inscrutable, victims, grim.

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The Government of India Act, 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, marked a significant step in the constitutional development of British India. It aimed to increase Indian participation in governance and introduced a dual system of administration called dyarchy in the provinces. The Act divided subjects into Reserved and Transferred categories, with elected Indian ministers handling the latter. It also expanded legislative councils at both central and provincial levels and allowed limited franchise based on property and education. Despite its limitations, the Act laid the groundwork for future reforms and marked the beginning of responsible government in India.

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Government of India Act 1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms Dyarchy Reserved and Transferred subjects Indian Councils Provincial Autonomy Limited Franchise Legislative Reforms British India Constitutional Development Responsible Government

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Successful dental implant rehabilitation hinges on the integration of both hard and soft tissues. Hard-tissue grafting compensates for alveolar deficiencies stemming from tooth loss or trauma, while soft-tissue grafting ensures peri-implant stability and aesthetic harmony. This review comprehensively examines the biological principles, materials, surgical techniques, and long-term outcomes of grafting procedures, with emphasis on recent advances from 2020-2025. Autogenous grafts, while still the benchmark, are increasingly complemented or replaced by allogeneic, xenogeneic, and synthetic substitutes. Cutting-edge adjuncts--including growth factors, platelet concentrates, stem cells, and digitally designed 3D-printed scaffolds--have expanded the regenerative toolbox. Moreover, precision imaging and CAD/CAM technologies enable tailored grafting strategies. This article synthesizes recent clinical evidence, meta-analyses, and expert consensus to guide prosthodontists toward optimized, patient-specific implant outcomes.

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Hard-Tissue Grafting, Autogenous Bone Grafts, Allogeneic Bone Grafts, Xenogeneic Bone Grafts,Xenografts, Alloplastic,Bioactive, Autologous Platelet Concentrates, Soft-Tissue Grafting, Autogenous Mucogingival Grafts, Acellular Dermal and Collagen Matrices.

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The utilization of solar energy has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels. Solar air heaters are one of the most economical devices for converting solar radiation into useful thermal energy, mainly for space heating and drying applications. However, conventional single-pass designs often suffer from low thermal efficiency due to limited heat transfer between the absorber plate and the working fluid. To overcome this limitation, the double pass solar air heater has been developed. In this configuration, air flows over the absorber surface twice, which enhances the contact period and improves heat exchange. The dual-pass arrangement not only reduces heat losses but also increases the overall system performance. Owing to its simple structure, cost-effectiveness, and higher efficiency, the double pass solar air heater is emerging as a reliable solution for renewable energy utilization in domestic as well as industrial applications. The solid copper rod, matrix integrated with the absorber plate serves to intensify thermal conduction and airflow interaction. This is new arrangement is intended to the boost heat collection capability of the solar air heater.

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Double Pass Solar Air Heater, Solid Copper Rod Matrix, Solar Radiation,

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Pott's disease, spinal tuberculosis, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, randomized controlled trial, Oswestry Disability Index

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Dislocations, hardships, and changes that take place when people relocate across boundaries are frequently portrayed in migration narratives. An insightful account of Sri Lankan expats adjusting to life in Australia may be found in Yasmine Gooneratne's 1991 book A Change of Skies. Cultural negotiation, identity, and trauma are all seriously explored. This article uses the dual frameworks of transnational theory (Vertovec; Basch, Schiller, and Szanton-Blanc) and trauma theory (Cathy Caruth) to analyze the novel. As a result of international flows of culture, memory, and belonging, it contends that the novel depicts trauma as a place of reconfiguration of identity rather than just loss or alienation. The difficulties of exile are embodied by Bharat and Navaranjini, who develop hybrid identities that go beyond the distinctions between homeland and hostland.

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Trauma, identity crises, assimilation, displacement, transnational exile.

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traditional cultural expressions, verbal performance, cultural memory, play frame, cultural wisdom, alternative world, re-enacted, intergenerational.

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The AI-Powered Safety Analysis of Cities for Women project aims to address the critical issue of women's safety in urban environments through the use of artificial intelligence and data-driven insights. With increasing incidents of crimes against women in public spaces, there is an urgent need for smart technologies that can assess safety levels based on real-world data. This system uses machine learning techniques to analyze multiple factors that influence the safety of a location, such as the city, area type, time of day, frequency of people, presence of police stations and bars, tier classification of the city, and the residential profile of the location. The dataset is pre-processed and cleaned, and features are transformed using One Hot Encoding to handle categorical variables effectively. A Logistic Regression model is trained using a robust pipeline to classify locations as either "Safe" or "Unsafe" with a strong focus on precision and recall for the "Safe" class. The model is evaluated using standard metrics such as accuracy, F1-score, and a confusion matrix to ensure reliability. Once trained, the model is saved and integrated into a web-based application built using Flask. The application provides an intuitive interface where users can select a city and time to predict the safety status of that location. If a prediction is made, the app displays not only the safety result but also a dynamic map view of the city using Google Maps embedding. Furthermore, it offers detailed emergency contact information, including the names and contact numbers of district officials like the Deputy Commissioner, emergency helpline numbers, emails, and official websites, sourced from a dedicated CSV file. By providing real-time, location-based safety predictions, the project empowers women to make informed decisions about their movements in urban areas. It also offers a potential tool for policymakers and law enforcement agencies to identify unsafe zones and allocate resources effectively. The combination of data science, geographic visualization, and public service contact integration makes this project a meaningful contribution toward enhancing women's safety in smart cities.

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o Women's Safety o Urban Safety o AI-Powered Safety Analysis o Predictive Policing o Machine Learning o Logistic Regression o Data-Driven Insights o Feature Engineering o One Hot Encoding o Data Preprocessing o Flask Framework o Geographic Information Systems (GIS) o Google Maps Integration o Crime Data Analysis o Safety Prediction Model o Smart Cities

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अध्ययन में आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण और चयनित सरकारी कल्याणकारी योजनाओं के प्रति जागरूकता के बीच संबंध का आकलन किया गया है। इसके लिए काई -स्क्वेयर परीक्षण का उपयोग किया गया, जिससे विभिन्न आय-स्तरों और योजनाओं के प्रति “जागरूक” अथवा “गैर-जागरूक” होने की स्थिति के बीच सांख्यिकीय संबंध की जाँच की गई। यह परीक्षण प्रत्येक योजना के लिए अलग-अलग किया गया, ताकि यह स्पष्ट हो सके कि किस योजना की जागरूकता किस आय-वर्ग में अधिक या कम है। परिणामों से यह ज्ञात हुआ कि महतारी वंदन योजना को छोड़कर शेष सभी योजनाओं के प्रति जागरूकता और उत्तरदाताओं की आय-श्रेणी के बीच एक महत्वपूर्ण संबंध मौजूद है। इसका अर्थ है कि आय-स्तर बढ़ने के साथ योजनाओं के प्रति जागरूकता भी बढ़ती है, जो यह संकेत देता है कि उच्च आय-वर्ग के लोग सूचना स्रोतों तक अधिक पहुँच रखते हैं और योजनाओं का लाभ लेने में अपेक्षाकृत अधिक सक्षम हैं। यह तथ्य भी परिलक्षित होता है कि जागरूकता और उच्च आय-श्रेणी का संबंध कहीं-न-कहीं शिक्षा स्तर से भी प्रभावित हो सकता है। उच्च आय वाले वर्ग में शिक्षा का स्तर अपेक्षाकृत बेहतर होने की संभावना रहती है, जिससे वे सरकारी योजनाओं की जानकारी प्राप्त करने, उन्हें समझने और उनका लाभ उठाने में अधिक सक्षम होते हैं। यह निष्कर्ष अनुसूचित जनजातियों में न केवल आय-आधारित बल्कि शिक्षा-आधारित लक्षित प्रयासों की आवश्यकता को भी रेखांकित करता है, ताकि आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण का लाभ सभी वर्गों तक समान रूप से पहुँच सके।

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आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण, सरकारी कल्याणकारी योजनाएँ, अनुसूचित जनजाति, आय-स्तर, जागरूकता, ग्रामीण विकास, शिक्षा स्तर

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This paper examines the indigenous communication traditions of medieval India (8th to 18th century) that played a vital role in many aspects of social, cultural, religious and political life. Studying a variety of communication systems such as oral narratives, folk songs, dramatic performances, scenery, symbolic gestures and manuscript preservation, the research highlights their democratic nature, engagement in social dialogue and flow of cultural identity. The process of adaptation and preservation of these traditions amidst challenges posed by colonial influences is also highlighted. The study highlights the relevance of medieval indigenous communication systems in contemporary society and the importance of their preservation, which is essential for understanding the pulse of Indian cultural heritage and social dialogue.

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 Keywords

Medieval India, Indigenous Communication, Oral Traditions, Performative Communication, Symbolic Communication, Folk Culture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition