Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This review examines the influence of social media on tourism behaviour, synthesising recent studies to explore how platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook shape destination choices, tourist engagement, and marketing strategies. The literature is organised thematically, covering the impact of social media content, electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), influencers, destination image, psychological factors, and regional contexts. Findings highlight that visually engaging content, credible peer reviews, authentic influencer narratives, and culturally resonant strategies drive tourist decisions, with variations across demographics and regions. Gaps in research, particularly in regional and socio-economic contexts, are identified, suggesting directions for future studies. This review provides insights for destination marketing organisations (DMOs) to leverage social media effectively.

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 Keywords

Social media, tourism behaviour, destination choice, electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), influencers, destination image, psychological factors, regional contexts, destination marketing.

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The growth of self-financing colleges in Kerala has expanded educational opportunities but has also raised questions about the working conditions of teachers employed in these institutions. This study investigates the level of job satisfaction and economic well-being of self-financing college teachers, while also examining the professional challenges they encounter. Primary data were collected from 135 teachers across different self-financing colleges in the Malappuram district using a structured questionnaire. The finding reveals that job satisfaction among self-financing teachers is moderate, with significant differences between Arts and Science and Engineering faculty. Economic well-being scores indicate that while most teachers can meet household expenses, low and irregular salary payments, limited savings capacity, and dissatisfaction with income contribute to economic insecurity. Professional challenges such as lack of job security, heavy workload, and restricted career advancement opportunities further intensify these difficulties.

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Job satisfaction, Economic well-being, Professional challenges, Self-financing colleges

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this paper is about a unique printmaking technique called color Intaglio: reduction process which is only developed and practices in the college of Fine Arts in Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. This particular process evolved from the scarcity of materials, students started reusing the zinc plates said by Shree T.Sudhakar Reddy Rtd. Professor from printmaking, Fine Arts Department at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam.

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Printmaking, Intaglio, etching, color Intaglio, reduction process, zinc plate, burnishing, re use.

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Abstract Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder, which can lead to joint deformation and which can lead to permanent disability that cannot be treated in a timely manner. Early diagnosis is thus imperative for effective treatment. In this paper, we present an end-to-end RA detection system with the help of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for hand X-ray images. The model is trained on a balanced 200-image dataset (100 RA, 100 Normal) with extensive pre-processing and augmentation techniques which is used to enhance performance in the lack of large datasets. The CNN architecture was here we used is chosen for its ability to extract hierarchical features from medical images without manual feature engineering. The trained model was deployed using a Flask-based web application, with real-time prediction supported by confidence scores and easy-to-use interaction.This Experiment gives the results that show high reliability, with test cases reporting 96.24% confidence for Normal x-ray image and 92.27% for RA-positive cases.There is another approach where the numerical clinical dataset is used which contain details such as age, gender, ESR, CRP, RF, and Anti-CCP levels. Here the Deep Neural Network (DNN) was trained after preprocessing and scaling the data, demonstrating high predictive performance compared to traditional Machine Learning models. This model was implemented using a Flask-based web application, which will work with real-time prediction and confidence scores and simple interaction. The system can be potentially integrated into clinical workflows, especially in regions where specialist availability is scarce.

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CNN, DNN, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Medical Imaging, Flask, Deep Learning, X-ray Analysis CNN, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Medical Imaging, Flask, Deep Learning, X-ray Analysis.

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Heavy metal contamination in soil ecosystems poses a significant environmental and microbiological concern due to the persistent and toxic nature of metals such as Zinc and Cadmium. This study evaluated the microbial response to heavy metal-induced stress by isolating soil bacteria from industrially impacted areas in Bangalore, India. Using standard microbiological techniques, the isolates were cultured on various media and were exposed to various concentrations of Zn and Cd to evaluate their tolerance profiles. Disc diffusion assays were performed to determine zones of inhibition, revealing concentration-dependent sensitivity. Zinc showed moderate antimicrobial effects, with partial bacterial growth observed at lower concentrations, while cadmium exhibited strong toxicity and completely inhibited microbial growth in most cases. Subculturing in broth media further confirmed these observations, with visible growth in Zinc-supplemented Nutrient Broth but complete inhibition in Luria Broth, potentially due to me

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Heavy metal stress; Cadmium; Zinc; Disc diffusion assay; Bioremediation potential

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Body self-image refers to how one perceives their own bodies on the basis of different aspects like fitness, fatness, overall appearance, and some other aspects. The motivation to compare one's body through social media describes a person's inclination to evaluate their own physical appearance in relation to others they see online. The present study was done on 200 college students to study the relationship between social media use with the motivation of body comparison and dimensions of body self-image. The tools used were motivation to use social media for body comparison and subscales of body self-image questionnaire-short form (BSIQ-SF). Correlation design was used and the results showed a significant negative relationship between motivation to use social media for body comparison and investment in ideals (r = -0.145*), other correlations with BSIQ-SF subscales were not significant. Regarding BSIQ-SF subscale interrelations, positive significant correlations emerged between investment in ideals and health fitness influence (r = 0.179*), social dependence (r = 0.267***), and attention to grooming (r = 0.377***). Negative significant correlations were found between overall appearance evaluation and other variables like fatness evaluation (r = -0.516***) and negative affect (r = -0.496***). The study is significant because it provides the basis for developing psychological interventions, educational policies, empirical evidence that would help in the reformation of societal standards of beauty and perception of a 'perfect body', by forming an essential reference for further studies in this field of research.

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College Students, Motivation to Use Social Media for Body Comparison, Dimensions of Body Self-image, Social Media

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Abstract- The relationship between violence and memory in Saadat Hasan Manto's Partition tales Thanda Gosht and Khol Do is examined in this essay. Both tales illustrate how the pain of Partition persists as an embodied memory and psychological scar long after the violence has ended. Ishwar Singh's discovery of the murdered girl and his subsequent impotence in Thanda Gosht reveal how cruelty leaves a lasting memory that undermines connection and identity. In contrast, Sakina's dehumanized state, where her robotic answer to the command "open it," attests to the erasure of agency under the weight of repeated assaults, is how Khol Do foregrounds the collective pain of displacement and sexual abuse. Together, these stories illustrate Manto's unflinching portrayal of Partition as not merely a historical rupture but a continuing site of memory, where survivors and victims' alike embody the afterlife of violence. Drawing on trauma theory, particularly Cathy Caruth's notion of trauma as a belated and intrusive experience, this paper argues that Manto situates Partition within a framework of unending remembrance, making visible the inescapable entanglement of violence, memory, and identity.

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Violence, trauma, memory, partition, Manto and Caruth

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Background: Somatoform disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without adequate medical explanation, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and contributing to disability. Despite its clinical relevance, limited research has focused on the Indian population, particularly in Madhya Pradesh. Objectives: To assess the quality of life and disability among patients diagnosed with somatoform disorder and to examine their association with selected sociodemographic variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 patients attending psychiatry outpatient departments in selected hospitals of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Standardized tools including the WHOQOL-BREF scale and WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) were administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, SD, percentage) and inferential statistics (chi-square test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation). Results: The majority of participants (58%) were females, and the most affected age group was 25-44 years (62%). The mean quality of life score was 47.6 (SD = 8.9), indicating poor quality of life across physical and psychological domains. Disability scores revealed moderate to severe impairment in work and social functioning, with a mean WHODAS score of 39.4 (SD = 11.2). Gender, educational status, and duration of illness were significantly associated with both quality of life and disability (p < 0.05). A negative correlation (r = -0.62) was found between quality of life and disability scores, suggesting that higher disability was associated with poorer quality of life. Conclusion: Patients with somatoform disorder experience substantial impairment in daily functioning and reduced quality of life. Early detection, psychoeducation, and integration of psychosocial interventions are essential for improving outcomes.

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Keywords: Somatoform disorder, quality of life, disability, psychosocial variables, Indore

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Abstract : This research study is based on innovative teaching method for Science subject. The primary students afraid about the science subject. Most of the students and their parents use to send their children to the coaching classes from the primary stage. It creates burden on the students. Science is the subject that can be apply in the day today life also. Teacher should develop the scientific attitude of the students. From the primary classes if proper teaching method is adopted then it will make sound base for the future. Therefore an attempt has been made to taught the science subject by using Cross Over Learning Method. In cross over learning method formal way of teaching and informal way of teaching is adopted. The main objective was to select the lesson for science subject and develop the material for Cross over Learning Method and to study its effectiveness in terms of achievement of the students in science subject. For this research study two schools were randomly selected. Two classes of six slandered were selected. Total 100 students were selected by using simple random method. Both the classes randomly assigned in Control group and Experimental group. Experimental method was used to study the effectiveness of the Cross Over Learning Method. Pre teat and post test control group design was used to control the extraneous variables. The treatment was given for 30 days. It was found that Cross Over Learning makes the students active learners. They become happy while learning the Science subject. The Cross Over Learning Method was more effective then traditional method of teaching Science subject,

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Cross over Learning, Science teaching , Innovative Teaching Learning

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Heavy metal contamination is a significant environmental issue. Toxic metals like lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) do not break down and build up in living organisms. They disrupt how microbes function and can affect ecosystems, even in small amounts. This study looked at how stress from heavy metals impacts bacterial populations isolated from industrial soil samples. We also assessed their tolerance and growth responses to lead acetate (Pb(C?H?O?)?) and mercury chloride (HgCl?). Soil samples were collected from two industrial sites in Bengaluru. We obtained bacterial isolates using serial dilution and culture methods. Pure isolates underwent disc diffusion assays, heavy metal-supplemented sub-culturing, and broth exposure experiments to examine their responses based on metal type and concentration. The disc diffusion assay showed that mercury chloride had strong bacteriostatic activity. It created large zones of inhibition at all tested concentrations (5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg) and completely stopped bacterial growth. In contrast, lead acetate created smaller inhibition zones, with bacteria continuing to grow at all concentrations. This indicates partial tolerance and suggests adaptive mechanisms like efflux, sequestration, or biosorption. Broth culture experiments confirmed that the inhibition was dependent on concentration with lead exposure. However, there was no growth in mercury-supplemented broth. Luria broth did not support bacterial growth for either heavy metal, and we consistently observed precipitation, likely due to chemical interactions reducing nutrient availability. Screening on Eosin Methylene Blue agar showed no growth, suggesting that the isolates were non-lactose fermenters. Gram staining confirmed the presence of Gram-positive cocci and bacilli, indicating a diverse bacterial community. Overall, the results showed that bacterial tolerance to heavy metals varies by metal type and concentration. Isolates were more sensitive to mercury but showed greater tolerance to lead. These findings shed light on how microbes adapt to heavy metal stress and underline the potential use of lead-tolerant bacterial strains in bioremediation efforts for contaminated environments. There is a need for more molecular characterization and resistance gene profiling to better understand adaptive mechanisms and improve microbial applications for environmental restoration

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Heavy metal contamination, bacterial tolerance, lead acetate, mercury chloride, bioremediation.

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