Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This study has been conducted in Churu, the desert district of Rajasthan, India, where the Thar Desert is spread all around. Butterflies are very unique creatures that attract everyone's attention. Plain tiger butterflies (Danaus chrysippus) are one of the most attractive and beautiful insect which are found in abundant numbers in this area. These are classified in the order Lepidoptera of the class Insecta in the phylum Arthropoda. The study was conducted to investigate the feeding behavior of plain tiger butterflies (Danaus chrysippus). The data were collected by direct observation of larvae and adults. Their food habits were directly observed during field studies by researchers. In this study, the researchers found that these butterflies consume the nectar of flowers as food through their proboscis. Plain tiger butterflies (Danaus chrysippus) feed also on nectar of plants. The authors also found that their larvae rapidly eat the leaves of plants.

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Butterflies, Danaus chrysippus, Taranagar, Churu, Insecta, feeding, proboscis, nectar.

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 Abstract

Parivarik mulyon me parivartan:ek adhyayan

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Parivarik mulyon me parivartan:ek adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Samaj Per Social Media Ke Prabhav Ka Adhyayan

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Samaj Per Social Media Ke Prabhav Ka Adhyayan

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The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) is transforming the landscape of corporate finance worldwide. From blockchain-enabled transactions to algorithmic lending and AI-driven risk analysis, fintech tools are reshaping how firms manage capital, raise funds, and interact with investors. This paper examines the role of fintech in corporate finance with a focus on India, where fintech adoption is accelerating across banking, lending, and investment sectors. The study highlights how fintech improves efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in capital management while also introducing new challenges such as cybersecurity and regulatory compliance. Using secondary data analysis, the study reviews key fintech applications in corporate finance, explores literature from the past decade, and presents insights through tabular analysis. Findings reveal that fintech enhances financial decision-making, expands funding opportunities for corporations, and integrates digital ecosystems into strategic finance. However, it also requires firms to adapt to evolving technologies and frameworks.

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Corporate finance, Fin-tech, Adaptation, Evolution.

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In EV and HEV applications, battery optimization has increased. Lithium-ion batteries, in particular, are increasingly used as an energy storage system in green technology applications because of their high power and energy density. Drawbacks are seen in electric car applications during the storage system's charging interval period. Multi-state charging is seen to be the best option in these circumstances. The state charging of lithium-ion batteries and their criteria for charging and discharging for long battery life are discussed in this study using the MATLAB Simulink tool. The state-of-charge (SOC), which is measured and used to assess charging and discharging characteristics, is a crucial factor in determining a battery's performance. Therefore, an accurate SOC estimate is required to safeguard the battery and avoid overcharging and undercharging it. Additionally, by doing this, the battery's lifespan will be extended. Multi-state charging is used for applications that demand greater efficiency.

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MATLAB, Li-ion, state-of-charge, electric car

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Individuals with intellectual disabilities face significant barriers to employment, including limited access to education and training, social stigma, and lack of support. Pre-employability training programs aim to address these challenges by providing skills and knowledge necessary for successful employment. This study investigates the need for pre-employability training among individuals with intellectual disabilities from the perspective of their parents. A survey research design was employed, using a questionnaire to collect data from 30 parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The results show that the majority of parents (53%) felt that individuals with intellectual disabilities face no need for pre-employment training programs, while 47% expressed a low need for such programs. None of the parents indicated a medium or high need for pre-employment training programs. The findings suggest that parents generally believe that individuals with intellectual disabilities have either no need or low need for pre-employment training programs. The findings reflect those of some previous studies that parent's perspectives tend to be more optimistic than other stakeholders. Further studies incorporating perspectives other stakeholders such as special education teachers and employers with triangulation need to be done to comprehensively understand the need for pre-employment training programs for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

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Pre-Employability Training, Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities, Parental Perspective

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The curing practice of tribal communities in Kerala Include a deep historical connection of ancient South Indian Medical knowledge . This Study try to find the origin of tribal medicinal knowledge from ancient period subsistence and religious ritual worlds to its complex entanglements with Ayurveda and present day bio-medicine. Focusing on the Kani , Kurichiya , Malayaraya , Paniya , and other tribal groups, it re-constructs continuities in plant lore , diagnosing ideas , Ritual practice, and Ecological ethics. Findings on oral histories , Colonial Ethnographies, and recent Ethnobotanical Studies, the study poinout that tribal medicinal knowledge is a surviving archive preserve health in forest and peasant communities while offering models of ecological reciprocity and community care. The scope, specificity, and durability of this knowledge can be demonstrated by a comprehensive catalogue of medicinal plants, which includes uses, targeted ailments, and historical notes. The Kani are believed to be the most advanced in medicinal knowledge among Kerala's tribes, according to a comparative analysis, while other groups possess notable specializations in bone-setting, fever management, and ritual healing.

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Tribal medicine; Kerala; ethnobotany; Ayurveda; colonial encounters; oral tradition; historical method

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The rapid growth of software systems has led to an increase in the volume and complexity of bug reports, necessitating efficient and accurate prediction models to manage and address these reports effectively. This paper presents a Nature-Based Prediction Model of Bug Reports (NBPMBR) leveraging ensemble machine learning techniques to enhance the prediction accuracy and reliability of bug report classifications. By integrating various nature-inspired algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) within an ensemble framework, NBPMBR combines the strengths of these algorithms to improve performance.The model undergoes rigorous training on historical bug report data, using feature extraction methods to capture relevant information such as bug severity, priority, and textual descriptions. The ensemble approach ensures robustness by mitigating the weaknesses of individual algorithms, leading to a more balanced and accurate prediction outcome. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that NBPMBR outperforms traditional machine learning models in terms of precision, recall, and overall prediction accuracyThis nature-based ensemble model not only advances the state-of-the-art in bug report prediction but also provides a scalable and adaptable solution for real-world software maintenance and quality assurance processes. By automating the classification and prioritization of bug reports, NBPMBR aids in the efficient allocation of resources, thereby improving the software development lifecycle and enhancing the overall quality of software products.

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XG Boost classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Propose Voting Classifier Confusion Matrix, Extension XGBoost Confusion Matrix

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This study investigates the financial literacy of MGNREGA workers in Karnataka, with a focus on savings, investment, and insurance practices. Adopting a descriptive research design, data were collected from 200 participants using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. The responses were analysed using SPSS with t-tests to measure the literacy levels across domains. The results reveal moderate financial literacy in savings and investment, with mean scores significantly higher than neutral levels. However, insurance awareness remains low and statistically insignificant, indicating a critical gap in risk management knowledge among the workers. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted financial education programs, especially in the domain of insurance. It recommends collaborative efforts between local self-help groups, NGOs, and policymakers to design and implement financial literacy initiatives tailored to rural communities. Strengthening these capacities is vital for enhancing financial empowerment and ensuring sustainable livelihoods in rural Karnataka.

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Financial Literacy, MGNREGA workers, savings awareness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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(Abstract: Christian Missionaries set their foot on the soil of Assam for the first time in early 19th century and gradually spread to the rest of the other north eastern states. The British official encouraged missionary activities in these regions to improve the backwardness of indigenous population and to spread the gospel of Christianity. However, it was in the later part of 19th century when frontier tribes of Arunachal Pradesh got connected with missionary activities. The paper will enlighten the advent of Christianity in North Eastern region of India.)

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(Key Words: Abor, Christianity, Kampti, Khasi, Missionary, Sadiya, Singpho,)

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