Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Teaching remains one of the most respected and impactful professions, particularly in developing nations like India. The quality of life of teachers significantly influences their professional effectiveness, which in turn affects the education system. Financial behavior--especially saving and investment habits--plays a critical role in shaping this quality of life. This study, titled "A Study on Investment Behaviour of College Teachers with Special Reference to Kottayam Municipality," aims to explore the investment patterns, awareness, and satisfaction levels of Arts and Science college teachers in Kottayam. Using a sample of 100 respondents selected through convenience sampling, the study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaires, while secondary data were sourced from journals and online platforms. Statistical tools like percentages and Likert-scale analysis were employed using SPSS. The study spans from June 2024 to March 2025 and seeks to contribute empirically to the underexplored area of teacher investment behavior

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 Keywords

Investment behaviour, Financial literacy, Savings patterns, Quality of life, Investment avenues, Risk perception, Financial decision-making.

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Self instructional module, safe confinement, knowledge, primigravida mothers.

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Assisted reproductive technologies have posed legal and ethical questions, especially in the realm of posthumous reproduction, i.e., using a deceased male's gamete for procreation. In India, the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021, was passed to provide a legal framework for the regulation of fertility clinics and procedures; however, it conspicuously remains silent on the posthumous use of gametes, especially in the case of unmarried persons. In the recent petition before the Bombay High Court, a mother pleaded for granting her access to her deceased 21-year-old unmarried son's frozen semen to continue the family lineage, thus highlighting the lacunae in the Indian statute. This raises adamant questions: the issue of consent, ownership of biological material, and the treatment of gametes as property. The study critically examines and explores gaps within the ART Act, 2021 regarding such sensitive matters and analyzes whether the existing legal framework in India is able to deal with the fine nuances of posthumous reproductive rights. It further analyzes the intersection between reproductive autonomy and family rights with cultural values regarding lineage. Using comparisons with global legislative responses and judicial trends, the paper calls for an ethically grounded and rights-based reconstruction of reproductive laws in India that bring about clarity and consent whilst ensuring dignity in these very personal decisions.

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Keywords - Posthumous Reproduction, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Act, 2021, Frozen Gametes, Reproductive Rights.

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Soap is used in every day life and hence it needs to purchased , this people choose brands that are in vogue.The soap industry has many brands and these brands have their market share.The market share is to be analysed for understanding the industry in general.This paper is to understand how the industry makes its moves in terms of progress and competition.

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Consumer behaviour,product packing,new products, development of new markets, pricing, distribution network,retailers,dealers,consumer offers, product launch

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Mouth dissolving tablet is a rapidly dissolving dosage form that dissolves in the mouth without the intake of water and is mainly used for pediatric and geriatric patients due to its flexibility and patient compliance due to saliva components. It is a potential dosage form for drugs having high metabolism and low bioavailability. Solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, solid dispersion, semisolid casting, rolling, and other processes can all be used to create mouth dissolving tablet, but solvent casting is the most popular due to its consistency and superior physical properties. Mouth dissolving tablet is evaluated for the following parameters like physical parameters and chemical parameters some time it is also known as a orodispersible which disperse or disintegrate into oral cavity. The time required to disintegrate should be not more than 3 minutes. Dosage forms in which they are available are tablets and mouth dissolving tablets which when placed in oral cavity release drug instantaneously with rapid onset of action.

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MDT, Casting Tactics, Patient compliance, Geriatric Patients, Pediatric Patients.

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The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is a significant driver of economic growth, employment, and innovation. Women entrepreneurs, in particular, play a pivotal role in this sector, contributing to societal and economic progress. This paper examines the initiatives undertaken by the Haryana state government and the central government of India to support and promote women entrepreneurship in the MSME sector. By addressing challenges such as limited access to finance, infrastructure, and skill development, these initiatives aim to create an enabling environment for women entrepreneurs. Key programs include financial assistance schemes, infrastructure development projects, skill training initiatives, and credit guarantee schemes. The concerted efforts by these governments highlight the commitment to fostering an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that empowers women and promotes sustainable economic growth.

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MSME, Government Schemes, Women Entrepreneurs

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This study examines the ability to forge handwriting across 12 different occupations. For this study, I collected handwriting samples from 12 different professions, gathering 10 samples from each, resulting in 120 samples. Each participant was asked to provide an original handwriting sample followed by a forged version of the same content. To facilitate this, I supplied a piece of paper with specific handwriting. First, they copied the content in their handwriting, and then they forged the given handwriting. The samples were analyzed using 12 different handwriting characteristics. The samples were analyzed based on 12 different handwriting characteristics using the Chi-Square test. The analysis revealed that Artists, Police Officers, Army Officers, Bankers, Professors, IT professionals, Nurses were able to successfully forge handwriting, while doctors were unable to replicate their handwriting.

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Occupations, Forged handwriting, original handwriting, Chi-Square test, Analysis.

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Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are required to protect the modern communication networks. The main aim of such systems was pattern recognition, signature analysis and rule violation detection. The past few years have been promising in the field of network intrusion detection due to the implementation of Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods. These techniques are able to distinguish normal and abnormal trends. This paper checks Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) with the NSL-KDD benchmark data set using different forms of machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree and Logistic Regression among others. We go into depth on how those methods worked, and how their findings surpassed those of earlier studies.

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Deep learning,Machine Learning,supervised Machine Learning Techniques,Decision Trees,Random Forest

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates cortical excitability and enhances neuroplasticity through low-intensity electrical currents applied via scalp electrodes. This review examines the mechanisms, efficacy, and diverse applications of tDCS in areas such as cognitive enhancement, motor rehabilitation, and psychiatric treatment. A structured literature search was performed across major scientific databases to identify original research articles evaluating tDCS effects. The selected studies demonstrate the polarity-dependent modulation of brain activity, with anodal stimulation enhancing and cathodal stimulation reducing excitability. Findings suggest potential improvements in motor function post-stroke, enhancement of cognitive processes such as memory and multitasking, and alleviation of depressive symptoms in clinical populations. High-definition tDCS shows improved targeting of brain regions compared to conventional methods. Despite promising outcomes, challenges such as variability in individual responses, small sample sizes, and non-standardized protocols limit broader clinical adoption. Future research should focus on optimizing stimulation parameters and exploring long-term effects. Overall, tDCS holds considerable promise for therapeutic and enhancement purposes.

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transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS and motor rehabilitation, tDCS and cognitive enhancement, and tDCS in psychiatric disorders.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: "A study to assess knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health among adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district with a view to develop an informational booklet.'' OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health among adolescent students of the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district. 2. To find out the significant association of knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health with their selected demographic variables. 3. To develop an information booklet regarding effects of substance abuse on health for adolescent students of the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: A descriptive approach was used for this study. The study was carried out among adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district. The research design was descriptive research design. The sample comprised of total 100 adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school were selected by convenience sampling technique. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: o The study found a significant association between adolescents' knowledge of substance abuse and their age (?2=16.466) and educational standard (?2=6.9015) at the 0.05 level of significance, supporting the research hypothesis (H1). However, no significant association was found with gender, family type, area of residence, substance abuse in the family, or family income, leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis (H0). This suggests that age and education level influence knowledge, while other demographic factors do not. Targeted educational interventions can enhance awareness among adolescents. o There was significant association between knowledge of adolescents and their socio- demographic variables such as Age (?2= 16.466) and educational standard (?2= 6.9015), at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the research hypothesis H1was accepted and null hypothesis H01 was rejected. o There was no significant association between knowledge of adolescents and their socio-demographic variables such as gender (?2= 0.1825), Type of Family (?2=1.9444), Area of residence (?2= 1.444) Substance abuse in family (?2= 0.2962) and family income (monthly) (?2=7.9524), at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the research hypothesis H1was rejected and null hypothesis H01was accepted. o The findings highlight that a significant portion of the adolescent population possesses good knowledge about substance abuse. However, gaps remain in certain areas, particularly among specific socio-demographic groups. The association of knowledge levels with variables such as age and educational standard suggests the need for targeted interventions. The study's results affirm the relevance and reliability of the research tool used CONCLUSION The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the findings of the study. Majority (63%) had good knowledge, 36% had average knowledge, and only 1% had poor knowledge. Significant associations were observed between the level of knowledge and certain socio-demographic variables, such as age and educational standard. Most students were from urban areas, belonged to nuclear families, and had no history of substance abuse in their families. Age and education level significantly influence students' knowledge about substance abuse. Other demographic factors, including gender, family type, and residence, do not play a significant role. The study suggests focusing on educational interventions to improve awareness among younger students and those in lower grades.

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 Keywords

Knowledge, Substance abuse, adolescents, Informational booklet.

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