Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Soap is used in every day life and hence it needs to purchased , this people choose brands that are in vogue.The soap industry has many brands and these brands have their market share.The market share is to be analysed for understanding the industry in general.This paper is to understand how the industry makes its moves in terms of progress and competition.

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 Keywords

Consumer behaviour,product packing,new products, development of new markets, pricing, distribution network,retailers,dealers,consumer offers, product launch

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Mouth dissolving tablet is a rapidly dissolving dosage form that dissolves in the mouth without the intake of water and is mainly used for pediatric and geriatric patients due to its flexibility and patient compliance due to saliva components. It is a potential dosage form for drugs having high metabolism and low bioavailability. Solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, solid dispersion, semisolid casting, rolling, and other processes can all be used to create mouth dissolving tablet, but solvent casting is the most popular due to its consistency and superior physical properties. Mouth dissolving tablet is evaluated for the following parameters like physical parameters and chemical parameters some time it is also known as a orodispersible which disperse or disintegrate into oral cavity. The time required to disintegrate should be not more than 3 minutes. Dosage forms in which they are available are tablets and mouth dissolving tablets which when placed in oral cavity release drug instantaneously with rapid onset of action.

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 Keywords

MDT, Casting Tactics, Patient compliance, Geriatric Patients, Pediatric Patients.

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The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is a significant driver of economic growth, employment, and innovation. Women entrepreneurs, in particular, play a pivotal role in this sector, contributing to societal and economic progress. This paper examines the initiatives undertaken by the Haryana state government and the central government of India to support and promote women entrepreneurship in the MSME sector. By addressing challenges such as limited access to finance, infrastructure, and skill development, these initiatives aim to create an enabling environment for women entrepreneurs. Key programs include financial assistance schemes, infrastructure development projects, skill training initiatives, and credit guarantee schemes. The concerted efforts by these governments highlight the commitment to fostering an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that empowers women and promotes sustainable economic growth.

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 Keywords

MSME, Government Schemes, Women Entrepreneurs

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This study examines the ability to forge handwriting across 12 different occupations. For this study, I collected handwriting samples from 12 different professions, gathering 10 samples from each, resulting in 120 samples. Each participant was asked to provide an original handwriting sample followed by a forged version of the same content. To facilitate this, I supplied a piece of paper with specific handwriting. First, they copied the content in their handwriting, and then they forged the given handwriting. The samples were analyzed using 12 different handwriting characteristics. The samples were analyzed based on 12 different handwriting characteristics using the Chi-Square test. The analysis revealed that Artists, Police Officers, Army Officers, Bankers, Professors, IT professionals, Nurses were able to successfully forge handwriting, while doctors were unable to replicate their handwriting.

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 Keywords

Occupations, Forged handwriting, original handwriting, Chi-Square test, Analysis.

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Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are required to protect the modern communication networks. The main aim of such systems was pattern recognition, signature analysis and rule violation detection. The past few years have been promising in the field of network intrusion detection due to the implementation of Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods. These techniques are able to distinguish normal and abnormal trends. This paper checks Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) with the NSL-KDD benchmark data set using different forms of machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree and Logistic Regression among others. We go into depth on how those methods worked, and how their findings surpassed those of earlier studies.

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Deep learning,Machine Learning,supervised Machine Learning Techniques,Decision Trees,Random Forest

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates cortical excitability and enhances neuroplasticity through low-intensity electrical currents applied via scalp electrodes. This review examines the mechanisms, efficacy, and diverse applications of tDCS in areas such as cognitive enhancement, motor rehabilitation, and psychiatric treatment. A structured literature search was performed across major scientific databases to identify original research articles evaluating tDCS effects. The selected studies demonstrate the polarity-dependent modulation of brain activity, with anodal stimulation enhancing and cathodal stimulation reducing excitability. Findings suggest potential improvements in motor function post-stroke, enhancement of cognitive processes such as memory and multitasking, and alleviation of depressive symptoms in clinical populations. High-definition tDCS shows improved targeting of brain regions compared to conventional methods. Despite promising outcomes, challenges such as variability in individual responses, small sample sizes, and non-standardized protocols limit broader clinical adoption. Future research should focus on optimizing stimulation parameters and exploring long-term effects. Overall, tDCS holds considerable promise for therapeutic and enhancement purposes.

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transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS and motor rehabilitation, tDCS and cognitive enhancement, and tDCS in psychiatric disorders.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: "A study to assess knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health among adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district with a view to develop an informational booklet.'' OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health among adolescent students of the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district. 2. To find out the significant association of knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health with their selected demographic variables. 3. To develop an information booklet regarding effects of substance abuse on health for adolescent students of the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: A descriptive approach was used for this study. The study was carried out among adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district. The research design was descriptive research design. The sample comprised of total 100 adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school were selected by convenience sampling technique. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: o The study found a significant association between adolescents' knowledge of substance abuse and their age (?2=16.466) and educational standard (?2=6.9015) at the 0.05 level of significance, supporting the research hypothesis (H1). However, no significant association was found with gender, family type, area of residence, substance abuse in the family, or family income, leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis (H0). This suggests that age and education level influence knowledge, while other demographic factors do not. Targeted educational interventions can enhance awareness among adolescents. o There was significant association between knowledge of adolescents and their socio- demographic variables such as Age (?2= 16.466) and educational standard (?2= 6.9015), at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the research hypothesis H1was accepted and null hypothesis H01 was rejected. o There was no significant association between knowledge of adolescents and their socio-demographic variables such as gender (?2= 0.1825), Type of Family (?2=1.9444), Area of residence (?2= 1.444) Substance abuse in family (?2= 0.2962) and family income (monthly) (?2=7.9524), at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the research hypothesis H1was rejected and null hypothesis H01was accepted. o The findings highlight that a significant portion of the adolescent population possesses good knowledge about substance abuse. However, gaps remain in certain areas, particularly among specific socio-demographic groups. The association of knowledge levels with variables such as age and educational standard suggests the need for targeted interventions. The study's results affirm the relevance and reliability of the research tool used CONCLUSION The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the findings of the study. Majority (63%) had good knowledge, 36% had average knowledge, and only 1% had poor knowledge. Significant associations were observed between the level of knowledge and certain socio-demographic variables, such as age and educational standard. Most students were from urban areas, belonged to nuclear families, and had no history of substance abuse in their families. Age and education level significantly influence students' knowledge about substance abuse. Other demographic factors, including gender, family type, and residence, do not play a significant role. The study suggests focusing on educational interventions to improve awareness among younger students and those in lower grades.

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 Keywords

Knowledge, Substance abuse, adolescents, Informational booklet.

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Abstract : The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a novel medicated herbal lip balm infusing Beta vulgaris (beetroot) juice , the balm is aimed at soothing chapped lips and reducing pigmentation. Lip balm serves as an effective semi-solid dosage form for topical localized treatment of lip-related conditions, providing a protective , shield like barrier, hydrating property , and targeted delivery of active ingredients with excellent patient compliance . The formulas developed in this study are innovative and new , have not been previously reported in the same combination and concentration. Our Two unique formulas (F1 and F2) were prepared using natural ingredients such as beeswax, almond oil, shea butter, rose oil, and alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E). Beta vulgaris provides a natural red tint along with antioxidant and anti-pigmentation properties. Alpha-tocopherol supports healing and protects lips from oxidative damage, enhancing the therapeutic potential. The lip balms were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, greasiness, melting point, and skin irritation. Among the two, F2 demonstrated superior characteristics--improved consistency, reduced greasiness, balanced spreadability, and enhanced stability. Both formulations were found safe for application, but F2 emerged as more effective for daily use. This research supports the development of , natural, and treatment-oriented lip balm formulations using herbal ingredients.

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Key Words: Beta vulgaris, Beetroot extract, Alpha-tocopherol, Chapped lips, dry lips

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Because imaging technology keeps advancing, we now need new options for guarding the copyrights of digital images. Copyright can be used to make sure an image and its ownership are recognized and to notice if an image is copied illegally. Nowadays, libraries are shifting because digital resources are more accessible and easier to use. In digital library settings, both pictures and writings are shared on the internet for scholars to study. At the same moment, care is given to preventing people from using the photos illegally for any commercial purpose. We explain in this paper how perceptually based digital image watermarking uses the human eyes and brain to keep watermarks hidden. Any watermarking technique trying to add an invisible mark to an image can be considered perceptually based, no matter which other aspects it includes. Still, to ensure that watermarks are invisible and strong, advanced use of visual elements during the watermarking process has to be applied. We have offered a solution that increases the strength of the watermark.

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Digital image watermarking, Spread-Spectrum techniques.

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Abstract: Introduction: Intravenous (IV) therapy is an important part of clinical care. It can be used to restore fluids, administer blood products or medications, or serve as an alternate route for nutrition when the gastrointestinal tract is not functioning adequately. IV therapy is a common intervention in nursing practice and useful for rapidly addressing symptoms and restoring hemostasis. Although initiating IV therapy is a common nursing intervention, it is an invasive skill and requires diligent safety practices to prevent and address complications. Intravenous therapy (IV therapy) involves the administration of substances such as fluids, electrolytes, blood products, nutrition, or medications directly into a client 's vein. The intravenous route is preferred to administer fluid and medications when rapid onset of the medication or fluid is needed. The direct administration of medication into the bloodstream allows for a more rapid onset of medication actions, restoration of hydration, and correction of nutritional deficits. IV therapy is often used to restore fluids and/or electrolyte balances more efficiently than what would be achieved via the oral route. Aim: The Study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of A comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of Video Demonstration Teaching Method versus Manual Demonstration Teaching Method on Knowledge regarding Intravenous Procedure among BSc. Nursing Students of BTNC, Sagar, MP, India. OBJECTIVES: Primary Objective: ? To determine if video demonstrations are more effective than manual demonstrations for teaching intravenous procedures. Methodology: This comparison study was conducted on 66 under B.sc nursing student who were randomly assigned to two group. Group A attended a classroom demonstration method and group B underwent video-based teaching on intravenous procedure. Learning level of both the groups was compared by using independent 't' test Result: The Pretest knowledge was notified that mean 16.75, standard deviation is 3.93 and minimum value 6.00 or maximum value is 25.00. The Post-test knowledge was notified that mean 26.30, standard deviation is 4.27 and minimum value 13.00 or maximum value is 35.00. Pre-test practice was notified that mean 20.51, standard deviation is 6.57 and minimum value 6.00 or maximum value is 33.00. The Posttest practice was notified that mean 39.50, standard deviation is 5.05 and minimum value 15.00 or maximum value is 48.00. After completing this study, study came to the conclusion that the students of B.Sc. Nursing in a selected university in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, had little understanding of cannulation and its care Conclusion: The study concludes by highlighting the intravenous procedure knowledge among the B.sc nursing student at BTNC Sagar M P. By providing them a knowledge in two ways, the video demonstration and the manual demonstration and compare the effectiveness. So, there can be less malpractice followed and no error can be seen in patient. It will help to provide the good quality of care to the patient and cost effective.

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 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Evaluate, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Video Demonstration, Manual Demonstration, Student.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition