Volume 11 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The Pharmaceutical formulation is employed to propagate pharmaceutical drug compound in the body to obtain the therapeutic effect at a predetermined rate depending on pharmacological aspects, drug profile, and physiological conditions can be referred to as a novel drug delivery system. Due to the sensitive anatomy and physiology of the eye pharmacologist find the ocular delivery system to be more complicated than other routes. Pre-corneal, static and dynamic is the 3 types of ophthalmic barriers, which along with the inflow and outflow of lacrimal fluids, nasolacrimal drainage, are some of the prime factors that affect bioavailability. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where the distribution of drugs in non-targeted body fluids and tissues transcends the quantity of required drug in targeted tissues and causes repercussions, these modified drug delivery systems overcome the ocular barriers and adverse reactions, emphasizing on less invasive, prolonged action. It also promotes sustained release formulation that subjugates the drug loss or degradation to treat many ocular diseases effectively. The current review focus on the fundamentals of discosomes, a type of vesicular drug delivery system that acts as a vehicle for the drug delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Discosomes are giant, disc-shaped structures modified from niosomes by arresting the vesicles at the discosome phase. Due to their peculiar size, it offers all due benefits compared to other ocular drug delivery systems. From the review, it can be concluded that discosomes are a key subject of opportunities in the domain of safe and effective ocular drug delivery.

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 Keywords

Discosomes, Disc-shaped, Vesicular, Ophthalmic

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ABSTRACT Colon-targeted drug delivery systems have gained significant attention as a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders. These systems aim to deliver drugs specifically to the colon, thereby improving drug localization, reducing systemic side effects, and increasing patient compliance. Although the oral route is thought to be the most preferred method for administering drugs with a systemic effect, it is not recommended for administering drugs for lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases because these medications release at the upper GI tract (stomach, small intestine), which further reduces their accessibility at the lower GI tract. The review begins by discussing the physiological considerations of the colon, including its anatomy, pH,enzymes, and transit time, which influence drug delivery to this region. Various approaches for colontargeting are then presented, including pH-dependent systems, time-dependent systems, microbially triggered systems, prodrug approach to drug delivery to colon. It also consists of novel approaches of colon targeted drug delivery such as pressure Controlled drug delivery system, Osmotic controlled drug delivery (OROS-CT),CODES technology, Port System, Pulsin Cap system ,Microspheres and Mucoadhesive approach. Moreover, the applications of colon-targeted drug delivery systems in the treatment of various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and irritable bowel syndrome, are explored.

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Key words: Colon-targeted drug delivery systems, upper GI tract, Novel approaches, OROS-CT, CODES, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer

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The real-time ECG (Electrocardiogram) and saline level monitoring system using Node MCU is an advanced technology that enables remote monitoring of a patient's ECG and saline level. This system is designed to provide real-time monitoring of a patient's health condition, making it possible to quickly detect any abnormalities and take appropriate action. The system is based on the Node MCU development board, which is an open-source platform that provides Wi-Fi connectivity and a microcontroller unit. The system consists of two main components: the ECG monitoring unit and the saline level monitoring unit. The ECG monitoring unit is designed to continuously monitor a patient's heart rate and ECG waveform using electrodes attached to the patient's body. The signal from the electrodes is transmitted to the Node MCU, which then sends the data to a remote server for analysis and storage. The saline level monitoring unit is designed to monitor the level of saline in a patient's IV bag. This is important because a low saline level can lead to dehydration, which can be life-threatening. The saline level monitoring unit uses a pressure sensor to measure the level of saline in the bag. The data is then transmitted to the Node MCU, which sends it to the remote server for analysis and storage. The system can be accessed remotely using a smartphone or computer, allowing doctors and nurses to monitor a patient's health condition from anywhere in the world. This makes it possible to provide timely care and treatment, even if the patient is located in a remote area.

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 Keywords

ESP8266, IR sensor, AD8232, NODE MCU

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Abstract: Different dosage forms are used in various ways, and they are administered in various ways. However, due to patient compliance, oral administration is the most favored method. Today's systems for oral controlled release are meant to offer a number of benefits, such as increased patient compliance, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. One of the crucial elements that has a negative impact on the effectiveness of these medications when given orally using a controlled drug delivery system is the gastric retention period. The main difficulty in creating an oral controlled release medication delivery system is to extend the time the dose form remains in the gastrointestinal tract in addition to maintaining the drug release. This will promote total medication release at the chosen site and time, resulting in maximal absorption and enhanced bioavailability. The goal of this review is to provide comprehensive information on gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), including the GI tract's function and methods, factors influencing gastric retention time, dosage form classification, and advantages and disadvantages.

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Keywords:Gastroretantive, Oral drug delivery,Floating drug delivery system, Effervescent,High density, Bioadhesive Systems.

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 Abstract

In the title compound, C17H15N2OPS, the six membered 1,3-diazaphosphinane ring adopts an envelope conformation with the phosphorus atom at the flap position, as shown in fig.2. The mean planes of the phenyl ring to which methoxy group is attached and the phosphaphenalene form a dihedral angle of 86.6(4)?. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by weak N-H...O intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions. In addition, weak C-H...? intermolecular interactions involving the benzene rings at positions 6 and 2 of molecule.

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single-crystal X-ray study; phosphaphenalene; sulfide; T = 150 K; mean (C-C) = 0.003 A?; R factor = 0.036; wR factor = 0.1056; data-to-parameter ratio = 13.9.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out the comparative analysis of selected physical fitness variables among government aided and private school Hockey players. To achieve the purpose of the study 80 school boys Hockey players were selected static group comparison design was used as subjects from the government aided and private schools in Thoothukudi District, Tamilnadu, India during the academic year 2022- 2023. The age of subjects were ranged from 16 to 17 years. All the subjects were measured on selected physical fitness variables such as agility (Arrow-headed Agility Test), cardio vascular endurance (12 minutes coopers run/walk test) and speed (60 M dash) were used to collect relevant data on the selected independent variables. The collected data from the subjects were statistically analyzed by using the statistical technique of independent't' test.. In all the cases 0.05 level of confidence was fixed as a level of confidence to test the hypotheses. It was concluded that there was a significant difference between the criterion variables.

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Key words: Physical Fitness, Hockey, agility, cardio vascular endurance, speed.

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The family Apiaceae occupies a prominent part in the angiosperms as it represents genus diversity rich in aromatic and medicinal properties. Trachyspermum, a genus included, is grown in parts of Asia much valued for its spicy seeds, both medicinally as well as in culinary. The genus has 25 or more species distributed in the temperate regions. Trachspermum roxburghianum (DC) Craib plant under study, can be propagated only through seeds and germination to produce healthy seedlings is season dependent. Attempts to produce plantlets irrespective of season achieved through tissue culture and the variants developed from several explants, exhibited in vitro flowering also.

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IBA, IAA, in vitro flowering, callus

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES AND PHYSICAL FITNESS VARIABLES WITH THE JUDO SPECIAL FITNESS TEST PERFORMANCE OF JUDOKAS

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The Ministry of Finance has clearly indicated that preparation of Gram Panchayat plans (GPDP) at the panchayat level by the people is very essential. Planning at village panchayat will be possible through assured availability of grants under Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC). Data and information gathered through effective situation analysis process will help the gram panchayat to prepare their GPDP which is more participative and need based. The three days planning process in gram panchayat aims at creating awareness as well assisting the gram panchayats to prepare development plans through people's participation. This will help to understand the gaps in the overall development of the village and will able to prioritize the issues and problems existing in the village. These problems will be in the area of human, social and economic development. The research paper attempts to brief on the situation analysis process conducted in panchayats for GPDP preparation in talukas of South Goa District, Goa.

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FFC, GPDP, people's participation, development works, projects / proposals, sector visits.

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Innovation in education and the expansion and influence of information communication technology has provided students with many windows for self-learning. The new theories of learning, the constructivist approach, and the theory of individual difference emphasize that students should be helped to learn based on their ability, pace, and interest and to build their knowledge based on their experiences and the teacher should help the students achieve their objectives by creating an active learning environment. In such a situation, it becomes important for the teacher to be a facilitator instead of a knowledge provider. In the changing educational scenario in the twenty-first century, the teacher needs to be more skilled, for this innovation in teacher education and teacher training must be welcomed by ensuring their proper place So that the necessary skills can be developed in the future teachers. Therefore, future teachers must be trained as facilitators.

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 Keywords

Constructivist Approach, Facilitation Skills, Facilitator, Teacher Training, Interpersonal communication skill, Organizational Skill

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition