Volume 11 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

This project introduces a set of graph-based algorithms for efficiently 3-2 and 4-2 Adder VLSI circuits using simple cells. The proposed algorithms are concerned to, first, effectively minimize the number of logic elements implementing the synthesized circuit. Then, we focus a significant effort on minimizing the number of inverters in between these logic elements. Finally, this logic representation is mapped into a circuit comprised of only two-input NANDs and NORS, along with the inverters. Two-input XORs and XNORs can also be optionally considered. As we also consider sequential circuits in this work, flip-flops are taken into account as well. Additionally, with high-effort optimization on the number of logic elements, the generated circuits may contain some cells with unfeasible fanout for current technology nodes. In order to fix these occurrences, we propose an area-oriented, level-aware algorithm for fanout limitation. The proposed algorithms were applied over a set of benchmark circuits and the obtained results have shown the usefulness of the method. We show that efficient implementations in terms of inverter count, transistor count, area, power and delay can be generated from circuits with a reduced number of both simple cells and inverters, combined with XOR/XNOR-based optimizations. The proposed buffering algorithm can handle all unfeasible fanout occurrences, while (i) optimizing the number of added inverters; and (ii) assigning cells to the inverter tree based on their level criticality. When comparing with academic and commercial approaches, we are able to simultaneously reduce the average number of inverters, transistors, area, power dissipation and delay up to 48%, 5%, 5%, 5%, and 53%, respectively. As the adoption of a limited set of simple standard cells have been showing benefits for a variety of modern VLSI circuits constraints, such as layout regularity, routability constraints, and/or ultra low power constraints, the proposed methods can be of special interest for these applications. Additionally, some More-than-Moore applications, such as printed electronics designs, can also take benefit from the proposed approach.

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 Keywords

Graph-based algorithms. logic synthesis. technology 3-2 and 4-2 Adder. standard cell library. simple cells.

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 Abstract

The major part of the Indian economy is dominated by the unorganized sector. The unorganized sector is more apparent in our Indian economy. The unorganized retail sector is a low-cost retail format and is usually managed by the single individuals and is visible in India in various forms such as local kirana or grocery shops or moms and pops stores, cigarette shops, convenience stores, pavement vendors, hawkers, hand cart etc. It is dominating by having 97% share in the Indian retail market due to the facts such as low real estate prices, cheap labour, low or no taxes, managed by single person, poverty, unemployment, providing credit to the local consumers, convenience to the local consumers etc. It is an evitable part of the economy having a direct and indirect impact on the productivity, job opportunities, transformation, economic cycles and economic growth. It is an instrument of commercial changes in the economy. Women entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important source of economic growth. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and also provide society with different solutions to management, organization and business problems.

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 Keywords

Unorganized Sector, Women Entrepreneurship, Retail Market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Global warming has become the most apparent threat to humanity on Earth. Under the worldwide warming mechanism, a set of equations is found between thermodynamic and dynamic components that can control the changes in the intensity and frequency of rainfall events over a region. Due to global warming, scientists widely expect these trends to pursue as the earth warms; for each degree of Celsius warming, the air extent of water vapor goes up by about 7 percent. Therefore, an atmosphere with more water vapor can generate more intense rainfall events. In this paper, the study investigates the variability of high-intensity rainfall events under the global warming scenario on an annual and seasonal basis in Ramgad Watershed, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya Uttarakhand, India, over the past fifty years. The study used the ground observed climatic data of the Automated Weather Station [AWS] of the Indian Meteorological Department situated in the watershed for the last 50 years. The result shows that the annual mean temperature of Ramgad Watershed is increased at the rate of 0.180C during the past fifty years while the study investigates the watershed recorded a progressively increasing trend in the events of high-intensity rainfall, overall, 123 high-intensity rainfall events with an increasing rate of 0.11% in the past fifty years. Furthermore, during the monsoon month, it has been observed that a considerably large proportion of high-intensity rainfall events fall in the category of severe rainfall events. At the same time, high-intensity rainfall events have shown a declining trend in the watershed during winter, summer, and post-monsoon seasons. The Study concluded that the increasing rate of mean annual and seasonal temperature over the watershed region has progressively increased the variabilities of high-intensity rainfall events, which emerged as the significant environmental ultimatum and diminishing the sustainability of the socio-ecological system and thus increasing the vulnerability of the population to water, food, and livelihood insecurity in rainfed and densely populated Lesser Himalayan Mountains.

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 Keywords

Key Words: Thermodynamic, Global Warming, High-Intensity Rainfall Events,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article contains all the information regarding the conduction of community trials of a new drug that is yet to be launched in the market for the public use.It also include the clinical trials design. Further, it also provides vital information about the various phases of the clinical trials. The role of important regulatory authorities such as FDA and it's monitoring post approval of the drug is also included here. This article also involves the information about the changes that are required in conducting clinical trials if any incompatibility occurs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Adverse drug effect, Clinical Trials, Therapeutic effect, FDA.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Autism is characterized by difficulty in reciprocal social interaction, communication impairment and behavioural abnormalities. May 2013 publication of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-V), all autism disorders were merged into one umbrella diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Previously, they were recognized as distinct subtypes, including Autistic Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome. ASD can be associated with intellectual disability, difficulties in motor coordination and attention and physical health issues such as sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances. Some persons with ASD excel in visual skills, music, math and art. Most cases of autism, however, appear to be caused by a combination of autism risk genes and environmental factors influencing early brain development. There is evidence to suggest that diagnostic features of ASD are evident in very young children with observing symptoms within the first 2 years of life. The assessment of Autism focuses on the skills most essential for social and communication development is conducted to determine an individual's current profile of social communication skills, identify priority learning objectives within natural communication contexts and examine the influence of the communication partner and the environment. Core challenges of ASD take different forms as an individual responds to intervention and progresses through developmental stages from pre-linguistic to emerging language and advanced language stages. Actual goals will vary based on those aspects of development that are consistent with family priorities and with the individual's functional needs within his or her current social contexts. Treatment for individuals with ASD typically includes, setting goals based on assessment data that target the core deficits in ASD and focus on initiating spontaneous communication in functional activities and using a range of approaches for enhancing communication skills along a continuum from behavioral to developmental.

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 Keywords

ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT, AUTISM, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD), ASPERGER SYNDROME, CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER, PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER-NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED (PDD-NOS)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

a study on performance evaluation on selected banks in india

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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a study on performance evaluation on selected banks in india

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

is adhyayan ka uddeshy uttarapradesh raajy ke aajamagadh jile mein shaharee kshetr mein rahane vaale bujurg purush evan mahilaon kee saamaajik evan aarthik sthiti ka vishleshan karana hai. uttaradaataon kee saamaajik-aarthik sthiti saamaajik-saanskrtik kaarakon ke mahatv ko samajhate hue, adhikaansh saamaajik vigyaan shodh saamaajik ghatana kee vyaakhya unake vyaapak saamaajik-saanskrtik sandarbh mein karate hain. ek vyakti ek varg hai aur varg chetana aur us varg kee jeevan shailee ka pratinidhitv karata hai jisase vah sambandhit hai. haal ke saamaajik vigyaan kee soch, is tarah ke ek niyataatmak drshtikon ka paalan kie bina, drdhata se vishvaas karatee hai ki saamaajik vyavahaar kaaphee had tak saamaajik-saanskrtik ka ek utpaad hai. adhyayan mein 100 uttaradaataon ka chayan stareekrt namoona takaneek ka upayog karake kiya gaya hai. adhyayan ke nishkarsh se pata chalata hai ki adhikaansh bujurg apanee saamaajik sthiti se santusht hain vaheen kuchh apane rahane kee vyavastha sane santusht nahin the jabaki adhikaansh apanee vrddhaavastha ko achchha maanate hai.

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 Keywords

vaddhaavastha samasyaain, saamaajik sthiti, vrddhaavastha, puroosh, mahila, aajamagadh, shaharee kshetr.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Introduction: Stomach cancer is also known as gastric cancer.Gastric cancer affects the whole digestive system,which includes the mouth,pharynx,esophagus,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine,rectum,anus.One of the most common risk factors is infection with chronic H Pylori bacterial infection.This is the common bacteria which causes gastritis and gastric ulcer.The infection can lead to persistent inflammation in the stomach, increasing the risk of gastric cancer.Apart from H Pylori bacterial infection, smoking and alcohol consumption are some other risk factors of gastric cancer.Dietary factors are also one of the main causes of gastric cancer.Since cancer is associated a lot with the digestive system,food intake plays a very vital role.Red and processed meat, salty food and a high intake of pickled vegetables are known to increase the risk of gastric cancer.1 Materials and methods: Quantitative approach with descriptive Non-experimental research design was used in this study.The study was conducted in a selected Community at Kollam,Kerala.The target population was adults in selected community.The Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect data.Formal permission was taken by institutional ethics committee and consent taken from adults in selected community at Kollam and data were collected through a knowledge questionnaire.The tool which consisted of Demographic Proforma and knowledge related to Stomach cancer(general knowledge,causes,signsand symptoms,diagnosticmeasures, treatment, and its management).The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The study revealed that 46% of the adults had poor knowledge,50% had moderate knowledge,4% had good knowledge.Significant association was found between knowledge and demographic variables like diet and source of information at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and seventh most common cancer in women in India.The study found that 46% of the adults had poor knowledge,50% had moderate knowledge,4% had good knowledge regarding stomach cancer among 100 participants.

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 Keywords

Assess,knowledge,stomach cancer and adults

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In many drug delivery systems that use controlled release, matrix tablets are used. Controlled release matrix tablets promote stability by shielding the active ingredient from hydrolysis and degradation and improve patient compliance by reducing dose frequency. It uses either a diffusion control mechanism or a dissolution control mechanism to release pharmaceuticals at a defined and predicted pace in a regulated way. The rate-controlling agent, or polymers, which might be hydrophilic, plastic, lipidic, or mineral, evenly disperses the active ingredient. The polymer slows down the rate of release. As a result, it regulates drug blood levels at a consistent therapeutic level, avoids volatility, and guards against systemic or localized adverse responses.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Matrix tablets, controlled release, Polymers, Production methods.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Chlor-alkali industry, effluent, solid waste, mercury, BAF, TF.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition