Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

A Study on the Impact of the Use of ICT-Based Resources and Effective Teaching by Experienced Teachers on Students' Achievement

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A Study on the Impact of the Use of ICT-Based Resources and Effective Teaching by Experienced Teachers on Students' Achievement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India's augmentation of online learning offers a special chance to improve inclusive education for students with disabilities, especially those who are deaf or hard of hearing and visual impairment. Digital platforms have emerged as crucial instruments for removing the obstacles that students with disabilities have historically encountered in a nation featuring an extensive array of socioeconomic backgrounds and notable educational disparities. Online learning provides braille-compatible devices, screen readers, and text-to-speech technology to pupils who are visually impaired, allowing them to have more independence and interact with the material. Online education has a great deal of promise to promote inclusive learning, but there are still obstacles to overcome. These include the dearth of using assistive technology in underprivileged and rural locations, gaps in accessible material, and instructors' inability to use digital literacy to successfully apply inclusive pedagogies. Targeted governmental measures, enhanced infrastructure and continuous teacher training are thus necessary to remove these obstacles and guarantee that pupils with hearing and vision problems have equitable access to high-quality education if internet learning is to be genuinely all-encompassing. This work investigates the part of internet education in overcoming obstacles related to cost, teacher scarcity, and geographical distance, while also considering the importance of digital literacy and infrastructure development in ensuring effective implementation. By synthesizing existing research and policy perspectives, this paper highlights the vital role of online education in shaping India's learning future, advocating for targeted interventions and collaborative efforts to harness its full potential for empowering inclusion and driving social transformation.

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Inclusive education, online learning, assistive technology, digital literacy, India, visual impairment, hearing impairment

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Dhatura (Datura metel Linn.), classified as an Upavisha (secondary poison) in the classical Ayurvedic texts, is one of the most pharmacologically significant yet toxicologically complex plants in the Ayurvedic Materia Medica. This research document presents a comprehensive study of Dhatura with a focused emphasis on its therapeutic applications in Kushtha Roga (skin diseases). Kushtha, an umbrella term in Ayurveda encompassing a wide spectrum of dermatological disorders, is caused by the vitiation of Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) along with the involvement of Sapta Dushyas (seven body tissues). Dhatura, by virtue of its unique Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava (pharmacological properties), exerts profound Krimighna (antimicrobial), Kandughna (antipruritic), Shothahara (anti-inflammatory), and Vrana Shodhana (wound-cleansing) actions, making it highly relevant in the management of various types of Kushtha. The document traces the classical description of Dhatura across foundational texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridayam, and Raj Nighantu, and correlates its phytochemical constituents -- primarily tropane alkaloids such as Hyoscine, Atropine, and Scopolamine -- with its documented Ayurvedic actions. Furthermore, the critical process of Shodhana (purification/detoxification) as a prerequisite to safe therapeutic use is elaborated. This paper aims to provide a holistic, humanized, and academically structured understanding of Dhatura's place in Ayurvedic dermatology.

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Dhatura, Kushtha Roga, Upavisha, Krimighna, Shodhana, Datura metel, Kandughna, Ayurvedic Dermatology, Lepa, Vicharchika, Kitibha, Dadru

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INTRODUCTION Bio medical waste management has recently emerge as an issue of major concern for all the hospitals, nursing homes and environment. Improper segregation and disposal of hospital waste poses a serious threat to our environment and health care.Bio medical waste management is an essential component of quality health care assurance in hospitals. Meticulous biomedical waste disposal management is obligatory to reduce the hospital acquired infections to a great extent. Proper management of Biomedical waste (BMW) generated in a healthcare facility is one of the most important functions of a healthcare worker (HCW) as its improper management not only poses risk to human beings and environment, but may also invite legal action against HCW as well as hospital administration. This study was carried out to surveillance of Bio- medical waste practices in kims hospital its Evaluation and audit In Srikakulam, Andhra pradesh. OBJECTIVES : 1. To assess biomedical waste management practices among health-care workers at KIMS Hospital. 2. To evaluate compliance with biomedical waste management rules. 3. To audit segregation, color-coding, storage, and disposal practices. METHODOLOGY quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate and audit biomedical waste management practices in a Kims hospital. A total of 100 health-care workers directly involved in biomedical waste handling were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured observation checklist and questionnaire developed in accordance with Biomedical Waste Management Rules. The assessment focused on segregation at source, color-coding compliance, use of personal protective equipment, storage, internal transportation, disposal practices, and documentation. Ethical approval was obtained, informed consent was secured from all participants, and confidentiality was maintained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages. RESULTS The study revealed that 82% of participants followed correct segregation practices, while 76% used appropriate color-coded bins. Proper use of personal protective equipment was observed in 70% of participants. Documentation and labelling practices were satisfactory in 65% of the observed areas. However, gaps were identified in staff training and compliance consistency across departments. CONCLUSION The study concludes that biomedical waste management practices at KIMS Hospital are satisfactory but require continuous surveillance, regular audits, and periodic training programs to address existing gaps. Strengthening evaluation and monitoring mechanisms will improve compliance, enhance infection control, and ensure a safe hospital environment. KEY WORDS Biomedical waste management, Surveillance, Evaluation, Audit, Hospital practices, Infection control RECOMMENDATIONS o Regular in-service education and training programs o Periodic biomedical waste audits o Strict supervision and monitoring mechanisms. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and confidentiality was ensured.

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Biomedical waste management, Surveillance, Evaluation, Audit, Hospital practices, Infection control

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Precision agriculture has emerged as a critical response to mounting global pressures on food and water security, and the convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) with Artificial Intelligence (AI) - collectively termed the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) - has become the dominant technological paradigm for realising this vision. Over the past decade, and with particular acceleration between 2018 and 2025, researchers have proposed a wide array of sensor architectures, data-fusion strategies, machine-learning and deep-learning predictors, irrigation decision-support mechanisms, and edge-to-cloud deployment blueprints aimed at reducing agricultural water consumption while sustaining or improving crop yield. However, this body of work remains fragmented across disciplinary boundaries, sensor modalities, and evaluation protocols, making it difficult for researchers and practitioners to identify consistent trends, reliable performance benchmarks, and outstanding gaps. This paper presents a structured, comprehensive review of AIoT-based precision agriculture research, organised around a six-part taxonomy: sensing and monitoring, multi-sensor data fusion, predictive analytics, irrigation decision-support systems, edge/cloud deployment architectures, and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Drawing on more than two dozen peer-reviewed studies published primarily between 2018 and 2025, the review synthesises reported sensor configurations, communication protocols, feature-engineering strategies, machine-learning algorithm performance, water-saving outcomes, deployment latencies, and explainability practices. Comparative analysis reveals that deep-learning architectures - particularly Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks - consistently achieve the highest reported soil-moisture prediction accuracy (93-97%), that predictive and reinforcement-learning-based irrigation scheduling outperforms reactive threshold control by 25-44% in water savings, and that fewer than one in five reviewed studies incorporate any form of model explainability despite documented adoption benefits. The review further identifies four persistent research gaps - reliance on physical sensor infrastructure that limits reproducibility, the absence of standardised multi-algorithm benchmarking, limited integration of explainability, and the scarcity of holistic frameworks spanning sensing through cloud deployment - and proposes future research directions including federated learning, transformer-based architectures, digital twins, and simulation-based reproducible frameworks. This review is intended to orient new researchers entering the field and to establish the literature foundation for subsequent experimental work on AIoT-driven smart irrigation systems.

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AIoT, Precision Agriculture, Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Multi-Sensor Data Fusion, Smart Irrigation, Decision Support Systems, Edge Computing, Explainable AI, Survey, Review.

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Keywords: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Nurse-led intervention, ICU care, Ventilator bundle, Patient safety

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Municipal solid waste management has become one of the most pressing infrastructural challenges of rapid urbanisation, and the last decade has produced a large and fragmented body of research on Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart bins and collection networks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of IoT-based smart waste management research published between 2014 and 2026, synthesising findings from thirty-four primary technical sources spanning sensing hardware, automated segregation, wireless notification, collection-route optimisation, and system security. A five-branch taxonomy is proposed that classifies the surveyed literature by the function each system performs within the sense-segregate-communicate-route-secure pipeline. The review finds that fill-level monitoring through ultrasonic ranging is now a mature, near-universal capability, whereas gas- or odour-based sensing appears in only a small minority of designs, vision-based segregation remains largely confined to laboratory-scale datasets, and long-range low-power communication technologies such as LoRaWAN are gaining adoption without yet displacing cellular SMS gateways in cost-sensitive deployments. A comparative feature matrix and a capability-prevalence analysis across the reviewed systems are presented, together with a discussion of recurring barriers: per-unit hardware cost, sensor drift, limited validation beyond bench testing, and the absence of standardised evaluation protocols. The review concludes by identifying multi-modal sensor fusion, edge-deployed adaptive classifiers, and decomposition-aware priority alerting as the directions most likely to shape next-generation smart-bin design.

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Internet of Things, smart waste management, literature review, waste segregation, bin monitoring, gas sensing, route optimisation, smart cities.

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The development of Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs)in India has been an important concern of the government due to their extreme socio-economic vulnerability and isolation. These groups, now officially known as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), have historically lived in remote forests, hills, and inaccessible regions with limited contact with mainstream society. As a result, they faced severe challenges such as poverty, low literacy, poor health conditions, malnutrition, and lack of access to basic services. After India's independence in 1947, tribal welfare became a significant part of national development policies. The Government of India began implementing special programmes under the Tribal Sub-Plan to improve the socio-economic conditions of Scheduled Tribes. In 1975, a special category called Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) was introduced to identify the most vulnerable tribal communities who required urgent and focused attention. The identification of PTGs was based on specific criteria such as pre-agricultural level of technology, stagnant or declining population, extremely low literacy rates, and subsistence-level economy. Over time, several welfare measures were introduced, including housing support, healthcare services, education programmes, livelihood development, and food security initiatives. In 2006, the term PTG was officially replaced with PVTG to adopt a more respectful and appropriate terminology. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs has played a central role in designing and implementing policies for these communities through targeted schemes and development programmes. These initiatives aim not only to improve living standards but also to protect the cultural heritage, traditions, and identity of tribal communities. Although various efforts have been made over the decades, many PVTGs still face significant developmental challenges. Therefore, continuous policy attention, community participation, and sustainable development strategies remain essential for improving their quality of life while preserving their unique cultural identity.

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PVTG, Tribal Sub-Plan, cultural heritage, Primitive Tribal Groups, Colonial, Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Nurse-led Intervention, ICU, Infection Control, Prevention Protocol

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ਨਾਨਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਨਾਵਲ ‘ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਪਾਪੀ’ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਸਥਾਨ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਇੱਕ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਨਾਵਲ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਨਿਮਨ ਮੱਧਵਰਗੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਪੱਖੀ ਸਰੂਪ ਨੂੰ ਯਥਾਰਥਵਾਦੀ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਨਾਵਲ ਵਿਚ ਲੇਖਕ ਨੇ ਆਰਥਿਕ, ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਨੈਤਿਕ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਉਜਾਗਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਨਾਨਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੂਜੇ ਦੌਰ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਖ ਨਾਵਲਕਾਰ ਹੈ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਨਾਵਲ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਿਣਾਤਮਕ ਅਤੇ ਗੁਣਾਤਮਕ ਪੱਖੋਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਵੱਡੀ ਦੇਣ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸੇ ਕਰਕੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਅਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਵੀ ਇੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ ਨਾਵਲਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਨਾਨਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਨਾਵਲਕਾਰੀ ਦੇ ਘੇਰੇ ਨੂੰ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਵਿਸ਼ਾਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਵਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਪਿਆਰ ਦੀ ਗੱਲ ਸੱਭ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਹੈ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਆਪਦੇ ਨਾਵਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਰ ਧਰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਪਾਤਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਵੇਸ਼ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਹਿਲ ਕੀਤੀ। ਇਸੇ ਕਰਕੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਵਲ ਕਿਸੇ ਇਕ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਘੇਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੀਮਤ ਨਾ ਰਹਿ ਕੇ ਹੋਰ ਧਰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਪਾਠਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਨਜ਼ਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ ਆਪਦੀ ਇਕ ਖ਼ਾਸ ਮੱਹਤਤਾ ਰਖਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਵੀ ਇੱਕ ਮੁੱਖ ਕਾਰਣ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਵਲਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੋਰ ਧਰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਪਾਠਕਾਂ ਵਲੋਂ ਬੜੀ ਹੀ ਰੋਚੱਕਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਪੜ੍ਹੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਨਾਨਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ ਨਾਵਲ ‘ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਪਾਪੀ’ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ਼ਕ ਨੇ ਗ੍ਰਹਿਸਤ ਜੀਵਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਆਰਥਿੱਕ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਮੁੱਖ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਨਾਵਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦੀ ਵਿਗੜੀ ਹੋਈ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਸਥਿੱਤੀ, ਬੇਰੁਜ਼ਗਾਰੀ, ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਪਰੰਪਰਾਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਰੂੜੀਆਂ ਵਰਗੇ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਸਮਾਜ ਸੁਧਾਰਕ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਉਜਾਗਰ ਕੀਤੇ ਹਨ।

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ਨਾਨਕ ਸਿੰਘ, ਬੇਰੁਜ਼ਗਾਰੀ, ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਪਾਪੀ, ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਯਥਾਰਥ, ਮਨੋਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ।

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