Volume 8 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The concept of Tajdid (Renewal) and Islah (Reform) have strong evidences in Islam based on the Qur�an and Sunnah of the Prophet (SAAS). Islamic history has witnessed a number of reformers and reformative movements whose ultimate purpose was to bring the existing realities and social changes in line with the inspirational and universal standard of the Qur�an and the Sunnah through a process of restoration and reform to reinterpret and reopened the popular notions of Islam. During the modern age the idea of Tajdid and Islah are the most commonly mentioned terms applied in the process of reshaping the identities and in the cultural confrontation with the Western thought and ideology. Badiuzzaman Said Nursi was one among the great leaders, preachers, thinkers reformer and preachers of the 20th century who used his efforts to educate people to bring them back to the real tenets of faith and played a great role for the transformation of the Turkish Muslim society in particular and whole Muslim community in general. Having deep insight on the changing circumstances he realized that the decline of the Shari�ah leads to the establishment of dictatorial and tyrannical regimes. He was a visionary educationist who developed a new educational curriculum based on the combination of religious sciences with modern sciences. So this paper aims to analyze the elements of reformation in the Dawah of Badiuzzaman Said Nursi.

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Islam, Reform, Nursi, Westernization.

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Investment in irrigation has remained a debatable issue despite irrigation�s massive impact upon civilization since ancient days. After the Industrial revolution, if we observe the structural change of the world towards industrialization (Kuznets, 1966,1971), mainly because of the terms of trade tilt towards the finished goods, out of given land area, debate emerged whether to use land optimally for industrialization or towards irrigation to promote agriculture. Obvious debate raised regarding land use and that created the debate: whether to retain self-sufficiency in food - the leftist agenda or to attain specialization in finished good and import food from the peripheral countries at the least cost to attain highest benefit from gain in terms of trade - the rightist agenda in a developed country�s parliament (Circular Cumulative Causation Theory, Gunnar Mydral, 1956; The Terms of Trade Fifty Years Later-Convergence and Divergence, Hans Singer, 1998, Dependency Theory, Raul Prebisch and Hans Singer). Definitely historical development process has assimilated the two extreme goals through their necessities in hard days. Draught days felt needs for irrigation and loss in competition felt need for specialization in finished goods. So, a Democratic Capitalist Welfare Economy kept both the routs open towards food self sufficiency as well as specialization in manufacturing finished goods. Examples are the historical development process of 13 Developed Countries like USA, UK, Germany and 4 Developing Countries like Argentina, Egypt etc. (Kuznets, 1971). From this angle we are going to focus upon the importance of irrigation on rural development of India.

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Cumulative Draught, Irrigation, Rural Development, Agricultural Growth, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Population, Panel OLS.

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During this time when the entire world as well as India is confronted with economic crisis due to the flabbergasted shut down of core industrial production and other economic sectors due to lockdown, central bank like RBI in India is trying to stabilise the economy by injecting liquidity to the economy and market in form of loan through continuous adjusting and surveillance on its different monetary policy rates. Such unprecedented situation adds to extra uncontrollable risk to the stock market which adversely impacts stock market. This paper tries to investigate the causal relationship among major banking rates and Indian stock market during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy repo rate, reverse repo rate, Marginal standing facility (MSF) rate, Cash reserve ratio (CRR), statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) and bank rate have been taken as the proxy to major banking rates whereas NIFTY has been taken as the proxy to Indian stock market. Sample size was finalised at 137 with daily data from 31 December, 2019 to 8 July, 2020. Multiple Linear regression model, Phillips-Perron unit root test, Johansen co integration test, Wald test and Granger causality were used as tools for analysis. It was found that there exist a negative relation between policy repo rate and NIFTY, reverse repo rate and NIFTY and CRR and NIFTY. There exist a positive relation between MSF rate and NIFTY, SLR and NIFTY and bank rate and NIFTY. Unit root test confirms that there is no unit root at first difference. Though there is no long run causality among the variables, there is short run causality among the variables. Further, NIFTY Granger causes policy repo rate, reverse repo rate, CRR, MSF and bank rate. CRR and bank rate Granger cause NIFTY

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Covid-19,Economic crisis, Major banking rates, Indian stock market, Causality, Regression, Co integration

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Mythological stories and Traditions have moulded the life style of Hindu society. This has influenced the natural behaviour of a human being whether it is a man or a women. The Great Epics of R?m?ya?a and Mah?bh?rata have given such heroes and heroines whose qualities are worth emulating. In this paper I would like to present Lord R?ma the hero of R?m?ya?a as Navarasa N?yaka.

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R?ma, Sita, V?lmiki, rasa etc.

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We learn from various documents and literature that the board of directors should have a pivot role is appointment and removal of key personnel including CEO and decide compensation for all senior management ,design and approve corporate strategy aligning with corporate objectives whereas independent director should be focused on controls for better risk management and to guard the interest of minority shareholders and stake holders ,they need to act tough at the event of any compromise of any measure which dilutes the focus on in the interest of minority shareholders and stakeholder. Major corporate disasters could not be averted though there was presence of independent directors like in Satyam Enron and WorldCom. The role of Independent directors is very challenging as they need to safeguard the interest of small shareholders having no control on day to day management of the corporate and other stake holder it becomes arduous for them as the Board is more focused on immediate gains and sacrifice of ethical values and requirements which are critical for long term existence of corporates .The role of Independent becoming difficult everyday as expectations are very high with them but there but on many occasions they fail to exercise controls and checks the performance, strategy orientations leading to wide gap between expectations and there performance as stake holders have great expectations what they can do for better corporate governance. The paper attempts to look into the ways to make independent director effective in most challenging and uncomfortable and dubious circumstances

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ceo,key personnel,board of directors,minority shareholder,corporates,

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The main objective of this study is to assess the suitability of using micro algae for removal of TDS from synthetic water containing high TDS values. An experimental unit consists of set of synthetic water with different concentration of TDS (500 - 35,000 mg/l) under laboratory conditions were kept for conduction. The micro-algae were sampled, isolated and cultivated in the laboratory using respective media to encourage its growth under saline water. Especially various species of algae were utilized for phyco-remediation of saline water. The set had several concentration of saline water from 500 up to 35000 ppm. The experimental work concludes that the removal efficiency for TDS varied between 75 � 80 %. The results depicted high removal efficiency for TDS which may be used as a new conceptual technique using micro-algae under the natural circumstances.

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Chlorella, Phyco-remediation, de-salination, Scenedesmus, TDS

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In order to investigate the dynamical behaviour of a semi-crystalline polymer was studied at low temperatures by calculating the total lattice thermal conductivities of four samples of polyethylene with 0.43 , 0.56 0.71 and 0.81 different degrees of crystalline and temperatures between 2 K and 10 K. The contributions of the crystalline and non crystalline natures and their percentage contributions were taken into account can be visualised with the fact that has been able to interpret numerous and largely divergent physical properties of semi-crystalline polymer .At low temperature the temperature reliance of cross section warm conductivity of semi-crystalline polymer. In a semi-crystalline polymer, phonons are dispersed by a mix of two procedures .In this treatment the lattice thermal conductivity of polyethylene was in excellent quantitative agreement with the experimental data and showed a strong crystallinity dependence, with a distinctive cross-over point at about 2 K. As the temperature builds, this conductivity expands all the more gradually, and somewhere in the range of 2k and 10 K, it turns out to be practically free of temperature (level area). The cross section warm conductivity again increments at high temperatures .

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Polymer , Polyethylene ,thermal conductivity, temperature reliance

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The present work investigates the friction stir welding of aluminium alloys AA6082 and AA2014 and its simulation in Ansys software. In this test initially 100�50�8mm dimensioned plates of AA6082 and AA2014 are Friction Stir Welded with Tools rotated on the edge of two plates attached together on a milling machine. Here two different types of Tool Tips are used for experimentation The Stir welded part is wire cut machined to ASTM E8 standard i.e. Dog Bone Shape. Further Tensile Test, Fatigue test, Microstructural characterisation and Hardness measurements were carried out to understand the welded materials. A comparison is made between the obtained practical test readings and the same simulation test performed on the Ansys Software19.2 version. On the software platform Structural Analysis was carried out. The maximum peak stress obtained was 155 MPa and Maximum Microhardness obtained as 90 VH. After all experimentation it was found that the weld joint obtained was strong enough and properties tested were all nearby the parental material. The Weld joint is strong enough in application of Truss, automobile body parts, Construction of roof, internal parts of ship buildings aeroplanes and aerospace industries etc.

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Friction stir welding, Tool, Tensile Test, Microhardness, Finite Elemental Analysis.

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 Abstract

Impact of Television News in Our Society

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Television News

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