Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Insomnia (Saher) is a common sleep disorder associated with impaired physical and mental health. Classical Unani physicians extensively described Saher, emphasizing the roles of lifestyle, diet, emotional health, and cerebral temperament in sleep regulation. Although many of these concepts parallel contemporary scientific understanding, they have not been comprehensively reviewed. This narrative review compares classical Unani concepts of Saher with contemporary scientific evidence using six authoritative Unani texts (Al Akseer, Al Qanun fi al Tibb, Zakhira Khwarzamshahi, Kitab al Hawi fi al Tibb, Tibb-e-Akbar, and Moalejat Sharah-e-Asbab) and current peer-reviewed sleep medicine literature. The review focuses on lifestyle and dietary determinants, including circadian rhythm, physical activity, mental health, environmental factors, diet, and digestive health. Classical Unani literature attributes Saher to altered cerebral temperament (Su-e-Mizaj), humoral imbalance, impaired digestion, psychological distress, and unhealthy lifestyle practices. Regulation of Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriyah, balanced nutrition, appropriate meal timing, healthy digestion, physical activity, emotional well-being, and a favourable sleep environment were recommended for its prevention and management. Contemporary evidence supports the importance of these factors in chronic insomnia, demonstrating substantial conceptual agreement despite differing theoretical frameworks. Many classical Unani recommendations are supported by current evidence and may provide a valuable foundation for integrative approaches to insomnia prevention and management.

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 Keywords

Insomnia; Saher; Unani medicine; Lifestyle medicine; Diet; Circadian rhythm; Sleep hygiene; Integrative medicine

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Abstract The real estate sector has increasingly adopted email marketing as a strategic communication tool to maintain long-term relationships with clients. This study examines the relationship between Email Marketing Strategies and Client Retention among real estate customers. Data were collected from 180 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Pearson's Correlation Analysis was conducted using SPSS to assess the strength and direction of relationships between the dimensions of email marketing and client retention. The findings reveal significant positive correlations, indicating that effective email marketing practices contribute substantially to retaining clients in the real estate industry.

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Keywords: Email Marketing, Client Retention, Real Estate, Pearson Correlation, SPSS, Customer Relationship Management

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The present study investigates the wear behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene [ABS] and carbon fiber reinforced ABS [ABS + CF] composites printed with FDM, by testing it in three-body abrasive wear machine. Taguchi experimental design is also applied for optimization of experimental trials. The 3D printing process parameters effects such as layer height, printing temperature, and printing speed on material loss due to wear was investigated using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and Analysis of variance [ANOVA]. This experimental results in layer height significantly influenced the wear resistance compared to pure ABS. The optimized printing conditions resulted in minimum wear loss with enhanced tribological performance.

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FDM, ABS, ABS+CF, Wear Behavior, Taguchi Method, ANOVA, Additive Manufacturing.

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The present work examines the three-body abrasive wear characteristics of neat PLA and glass fiber reinforced PLA (PLA+GF) specimens manufactured through Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), with process optimization carried out via the Taguchi method. Three critical printing variables -- layer height, printing temperature, and printing speed -- were varied across an L9 orthogonal array, and their collective influence on wear loss was studied. Wear tests were conducted on a three-body abrasive wear machine using silicon carbide as the abrasive medium. S/N ratio plots and ANOVA were used to rank the relative importance of each printing variable and to determine the conditions that yield minimum wear loss. The findings show that layer height exerts the most pronounced effect on the wear behavior of both material types, while the combination of optimized parameters leads to a meaningful reduction in material loss. The presence of glass fiber reinforcement in the PLA matrix was found to further strengthen the wear performance of FDM-fabricated parts.

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FDM, PLA, PLA+GF, Wear Behavior, Taguchi Method, ANOVA, Additive Manufacturing.

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A new-class of homeomorphism called *( r)h - homeomorphism and *( r)h c - homeomorphism are introduce and *( r)h c - homeomorphism are grouped together under the composition of maps operation. Also, their relation with few homeomorphisms in hexa topological space is presented.

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*( r)h -closed maps, *( r)h -open maps, *( r)h - homeomorphism and *( r)h c - homeomorphism.

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Bharatiya Jnana Parampara ke Pariprekshya mein Mahatma Gandhi ke Shaikshik Darshan ka Adhyayan

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Bharatiya Jnana Parampara ke Pariprekshya mein Mahatma Gandhi ke Shaikshik Darshan ka Adhyayan

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Our study deals with the anti-microbial activities, synthesis, properties and spectroscopic characterization of five membered ring containing heterocyclic compounds. Naphthol and their substituted derivatives are the novel series of cyclic compounds which contains sulphur and nitrogen heteroatoms. These compounds shows anti-bacterial as well as anti-fungal activities compound are synthesized by various methods. The structures of heterocyclic compounds are described by FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR etc, techniques. These derived heterocyclic compounds shows anti-bacterial activities against various Gram positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria, whereas, anti-fungal activities against the Candida species, Aspergillus species and Albigo species.

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Heterocyclic compounds, Naphthaol, Substituted Naphthol, anti-bacterial activity, anti- fungal activity, substituted reaction, Thiazole etc.

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: Poshan Abhiyaan, Antenatal Mothers, Knowledge, Maternal Nutrition, Public Health, Health Education.

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Deepfakes are an emerging form of artificial intelligence that is transforming digital communication and media production. They offer several benefits, including creating entertainment content, improving film production through digital characters, and supporting healthcare by assisting doctors in communicating with remote patients. At the same time, deepfakes pose serious risks. They can be used to spread misinformation, manipulate public opinion, commit fraud, and misuse a person's identity without consent. These concerns have prompted many countries to introduce regulations, such as restricting the use of deepfakes in elections and requiring AI-generated content to be clearly labeled. This study examines the legal challenges posed by deepfakes and recommends dedicated legislation, stronger liability standards, and effective regulatory frameworks to prevent misuse while encouraging responsible innovation. It emphasizes the need for the law to keep pace with advances in artificial intelligence and safeguard individual rights and public trust. Recognizing both the opportunities and the risks associated with deepfakes, this study proposes a number of policy recommendations aimed at reducing their misuse while preserving their legitimate and creative applications. It argues for the introduction of dedicated legislation, stronger liability standards, and comprehensive regulatory frameworks to address the legal challenges created by deepfake technology. As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, the law must also adapt to ensure that technological innovation is balanced with the protection of individual rights, public trust, and democratic values.

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Deep fake technology, unfair trade practices, Misleading advertisements, AI generated content, regulatory gap, fake endorsement, market manipulation etc.

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pharmacological significance and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Lemna minor against D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. The plant material was extracted using ethanol and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins. The percentage yield of ethanolic extract was found to be 8.25% w/w. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated as 0.57 mg/100 mg and 0.92 mg/100 mg respectively, indicating the antioxidant potential of the extract. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by assessing biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, and bilirubin levels in D-GalN-induced hepatotoxic rats. Administration of D-GalN significantly elevated liver enzyme and bilirubin levels while decreasing albumin concentration, indicating severe hepatic injury. Treatment with Lemna minor extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly restored altered biochemical parameters toward normal values in a dose-dependent manner. The higher dose exhibited marked hepatoprotective activity comparable to the standard drug silymarin. The hepatoprotective effect of Lemna minor may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds possessing antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties. The study concludes that Lemna minor possesses significant hepatoprotective potential and may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of hepatic disorders.

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Lemna minor, Hepatoprotective activity, D-GalN, Hepatic steatosis, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Silymarin, Liver enzymes, Antioxidant activity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition