Volume 8 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Abstract: The study on low velocity impact damage in fiber reinforced laminated composite structures has a major importance in Aerospace industries. This paper deals with the development of finite element models to simulate the damage or failure initiation and its propagation in a carbon fiber reinforced polymeric matrix composite structure due to a low velocity impact. An experimental work have been conducted by authors specified in literature for a circular plate made from carbon/epoxy material which is subjected to low energy impact of different magnitude as 7.33 J, 11.03 J and 14.67 J based on a drop weight impact test according to ASTM D7136 M-15. An equivalent model is simulated using ABAQUS/Explicit finite element modeling tool using three dimensional (3D) Hashin failure criteria for intralaminar damage initiation and stiffness degradation is achieved using scalar damage variables. A three dimensional solid interface element (or cohesive element) is introduced in between adjacent layers with different fiber orientation to simulate the interlaminar damage initiation using quadratic stress criteria and Benzeggagh-Kenane (B-K) fracture criterion for damage propagation. The 3D Hashin failure criteria is implemented as the user implemented material subroutine (VUMAT) code using Fortran programming language. The damage in fiber and matrix is represented using four scalar damage variables of a particular modes of failure with the help of solution dependent state variables (SDV). The interlaminar damage is represented using the area of deleted elements of solid interface. The numerical result is validated with an experimentally obtained one from literature and showing an excellent agreement and thus it shows the accuracy of the currently proposed finite element model.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Damage, Finite element method, Laminated structure, , low velocity impact

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project deals with the analysis of saturation flow at signalized intersections in urban areas. At-grade intersections are one of the most important elements that control the performance of road network. For efficient and safe movement majority of the intersections are signalized and large volumes of traffic on city road network. The capacity, the design and operation of a signalized intersection critically depend on passenger car unit (PCU) and saturation flow. Operation and Performance of signalized intersections is influenced by the operating parameters, traffic condition, roadway parameters and environmental conditions along with user�s behavioral characteristics which significantly differ among locations. The intersections on urban roads in India cater to heterogeneous motorized traffic along with slow-moving traffic including pedestrians. Therefore, it is necessary to consider saturation flow for mixed traffic conditions and passenger car unit (PCU) to evaluate the overall operation of signalized intersections.

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 Keywords

Passenger Car Unit (PCU), Signalized Intersection, Saturation Flow and Mixed Traffic.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Study involves providing study resources for students to use outside the class so that class time is freed up for instructional activities. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of flipped classroom activity as a teaching�learning method. Materials and methods:In this interventional study, 60 students were divided into two batches of flipped class and traditional teaching . An online Google group was created for the batch of FC. Brief introduction and pre-recorded videos related to the assigned topic were posted in the Google group. Discussion was carried out in the form of solving cases and problem-solving exercises. Pretest and posttest were conducted at each session, and an end of module test was conducted for both the groups. Results:There was a significant difference between the pre- and posttest scores and also the mean scores of summative test between two groups (P < 0.001). The perception of the students regarding FC was also evaluated. Eighty-two percent strongly agreed that FC was more engaging and interesting in comparison to traditional class. Seventy-six percent strongly agreed that more such classes should be conducted in the future. Conclusion:Flipped classroom improved the student performance and learning experience effectively as compared to traditional teaching, and students� response was also largely positive.

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Abstract: Study involves providing study resources for students to use outside the class so that class time is freed up for instructional activities. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of flipped classroom activity as a teaching�learning method. Materials and methods:In this interventional study, 60 students were divided into two batches of flipped class and traditional teaching . An online Google group was created for the batch of FC. Brief introduction and pre-recorded videos re

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 Abstract

In this Project Pavement failure is defined in terms of decreasing serviceability caused by the development of cracks and ruts. Before going into the maintenance strategies, we must look into the causes of failure of bituminous pavements. Failures of bituminous pavements are caused due to many reasons or combination of reasons. Application of correction in the existing surface will enhance the life of maintenance works as well as that of strengthening layer. It has been seen that only 3 parameters i.e. unevenness index, pavement cracking and rutting are considered while other distresses have been omitted while going for maintenance operations. Along with the maintenance techniques there are various methods for pavement preservation which will help in enhancing the life of pavement and delaying of its failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible causes of pavement distresses, and to recommend remedies to minimize distress of the pavement. The paper describes lessons learnt from pavement failures and problems experienced during the last few years on a number of projects in India. Based on the past experiences various pavement preservation techniques and measures are also discussed which will be helpful in increasing the serviceable life of pavement. This project deals with the pavement deterioration and its causes. It has been seen that only 3 parameters i.e. unevenness index, pavement cracking and rutting are considered while other distresses have been omitted while going for maintenance operations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pavement, unevenness index, rutting, distresses.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indexing and Abstracting are essentials processes that ensure that information contained in documents is easily retrieved. Indexing is a collection of data stored on a computer or a set of cards in alphabetical order. The study provides a summary of Indexing, history, types, and indexing agencies. This study's objective is to emphasize the importance of Indexing and different indexing agencies' expectations from journals. The most familiar indexing agencies such as EBSCO, DOAJ, Elsevier selection criteria for journals to get indexed by them are discussed here. These agencies' expansion, evolution, & their consistency in publishing is focused. There are very few research articles on the Indexing of journals. The article tries to overcome the lack of materials on Indexing & to create awareness about it among Research scholars and teaching fraternity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indexing, Indexing Agencies, Open access database, types of Indexing, EBSCO, DOAJ.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Nusa Tenggara Timur province is one of the province in Indonesia that has the potential of development the poultry industry so that it needs to be studied aspects and impacts of the existence of a breeds company of racial chicken to be established. Therefore a this study was used descriptive method, then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the Nusa Tenggara Timur province has the potential to be established breeding companies but needs to consider several aspects, namely: aspects of law politics, socio culture, economy, land available against the rate population growth, and market chains.

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companies, breeding, racial chicken

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Vocabulary plays a vital role in learning a language; native speakers find it difficult to inculcate the habit of getting through the vocabulary. They learn it for either academic or business purpose. Without basic vocabulary a person lacks confidence and in turn without confidence he hesitates to communicate with others be it oral or written. This journal is mainly to develop the vocabulary with the help of Games, group activities, play way method etc. When these methods are involved the way of learning understanding along with retaining the information becomes an easy task to any non- native speakers. English is a language bound with vocabulary and its based thing. At present there are nearly 1,71,476 vocabulary and to learn or know all of it is not possible. Beyond all this things one has to familiarize with vocabulary and it is possible through play way method.

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Key words: Vocabulary, games, activities, learning, communication

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Timely delivery of justice is part of human rights. Right to a speedy trial is integral part of Rule of Law and Constitutionalism. Not only India, many countries across the globe are suffering with backlogs in criminal adjudications. Inordinate delay in disposal of criminal cases, reduces the trust of common man in the criminal justice administration. Hon�ble Supreme Court of India in Hussainara Khatoon v. Union of India recognized right to a speedy trial as part of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. From pre-independence to till date executive, legislature and judiciary took several steps to address the problem through legislative, administrative and judicial reforms. Despite of efforts, pendency rate in criminal trials is increasing day-by-day in India. Questions were raised before the Hon�ble Supreme Court about the fixation of outer time limit for disposal of criminal cases. In Raj Deo Sharma v. State of Bihar I & II, the apex court rejected the idea of fixing a time frame for speedy disposal of criminal cases, stating that acquittal of accused on the basis non-disposal of the case within the prescribed limitation period, is a danger to the existence of the criminal justice system. In 2016, Supreme Court of Canada in R. Jordan prescribed a presumptive ceiling limit for ensuring the right to a speedy trial of the accused with an exception to criminal cases involving adults. In 2020, R v. K.G.K, the similar presumptive ceiling limit has been extended to the cases involving youth. However, the apex court of Canada laid down the caution rule, how long is too long, will depend on a host of factors, the existence of which will depend on the peculiar circumstances of each case. The article analyzed the stand of Indian judiciary over fixing an outer time limit for the conclusion of criminal trial and comparing the India�s position with Canada.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Right to a Speedy Trial, Criminal trial, Fixation of Outer Time Limit, Presumptive ceiling limit, How long is too Long

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Polysubstituted iminopyridines Methyl 2-[6- (4-bromophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2- imino-4-methylsulfanylpyridine-1-ly]-3-phenylpropanoate & Methyl 2-[6- (4-bromophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-4-methylsulfanylpyridine-1- ly]-3- propanoate were synthsized by the action of ? � amino acid esters on 6-aryl-3- cyano-4-methylsulfanyl-2H-pyran-2-one under microwave irradiation. Synthesized compounds were validated by elemental and spectral data. Whole process was economical and eco-friendly.

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Polysubstituted iminopyridines, Microwave irradiation, Eco-friendly, Chalcones 6-aryl-3-cyano-4-methylsulfanyl-2H-pyran-2-one, ? - amino acid esters.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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More and more professions nowadays require concentration over the long term. Drivers must keep a near eye on the street, so they can respond to sudden occasions quickly. Driver fatigue typically becomes an instantaneous reason behind several traffic accidents. In this manner, there's a ought to create the frameworks that will distinguish and inform a driver of her/his terrible psychophysical condition, which may essentially diminish the number of fatigue-related car mishaps. Developing these devices, though, experiences several difficulties linked to swift and proper identification of the exhaustion signs of a rider. One of the specialized conceivable outcomes to execute driver tiredness discovery frameworks is to utilize the vision-based approach. Here we are identifying the driver drowsiness by evaluating vision framework of him .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drowsiness Detection, Image Processing, OpenCV.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition