Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the pharmacological activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) leaves against salt-induced hypertension in experimental rats. The leaves were extracted using hydroalcoholic solvent and subjected to phytochemical screening and biochemical evaluation. Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, diterpenes, phenolic compounds, proteins, and carbohydrates. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also estimated and found to be significant. Hypertension was induced in rats using 18% NaCl, and the animals were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Captopril (60 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Biochemical parameters including serum creatinine, AST, ALT, sodium, and potassium levels were evaluated. The hypertensive control group showed significant elevation in creatinine, AST, ALT, and sodium levels with reduction in potassium levels. Treatment with Punica granatum extract significantly restored these altered biochemical parameters toward normal values in a dose-dependent manner. The higher dose (200 mg/kg) exhibited pronounced antihypertensive and protective activity comparable to the standard drug. The study concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum leaves possesses significant antihypertensive, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential.

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 Keywords

Punica granatum, Hypertension, Hydroalcoholic extract, Antihypertensive activity, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Captopril, Biochemical parameters, Antioxidant activity.

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Role of Supply Chain Management in Optimizing Working Capital : A case study of Tata Steel ABSTRACT This study examines the role of Supply Chain Management (SCM) in optimizing working capital, with a specific focus on Tata Steel. In capital-intensive industries like steel, efficient management of working capital is crucial for maintaining liquidity, profitability, and operational stability. The research explores how effective SCM practices--such as inventory management, supplier coordination, demand forecasting, and logistics optimization--contribute to minimizing working capital requirements while ensuring uninterrupted production and distribution. The study adopts a case study approach, analyzing Tata Steel's supply chain strategies to understand their impact on key working capital components, including inventory levels, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. By integrating advanced technologies, streamlined procurement systems, and strategic supplier relationships, Tata Steel has been able to reduce lead times, improve cash flow cycles, and enhance overall efficiency. The research highlights the company's use of just-in-time inventory practices, digital tracking systems, and strong vendor management as critical factors in optimizing working capital. Furthermore, the study investigates the challenges faced in aligning supply chain operations with financial objectives, such as demand variability, global supply disruptions, and fluctuating raw material prices. It also evaluates how Tata Steel addresses these challenges through risk management strategies and adaptive supply chain frameworks. The findings suggest that a well-integrated SCM system plays a vital role in reducing excess inventory, accelerating receivables, and optimizing payables, thereby improving the working capital cycle. The study concludes that organizations can achieve sustainable financial performance by aligning supply chain strategies with working capital management objectives. This research provides valuable insights for manufacturing firms seeking to enhance operational efficiency and financial health through effective supply chain practices. Keywords Supply Chain Management, Working Capital Optimization, Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Inventory Turnover, Debtors Turnover, Creditors Turnover, Correlation Analysis, Financial Performance

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 Keywords

Supply Chain Management, Working Capital Optimization, Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Inventory Turnover, Debtors Turnover, Creditors Turnover, Correlation Analysis, Financial Performance

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Corporate gifting in India has grown from a seasonal courtesy into a structured marketing and HR function. The organised segment is now worth over Rs. 12,000-18,000 crore and is expanding two to three times faster than consumer gifting. Even so, most of what is on offer is generic and mass-produced, carrying little cultural or emotional meaning and easy for competitors to copy. India's craft economy faces a different problem. It supports more than seven million artisans and several critically endangered art traditions, but suffers from weak market links and the real risk that skills will not pass to the next generation. This paper enquires whether one entrepreneurial model can bridge both gaps at once. Using the heritage-based corporate gifting venture "Kala Vistaar"( Craft expansion) as a conceptual case, the study looks at the venture's business model rather than its product catalogue. The Business Model Canvas serves as the main analytical lens, and a unit-economics and break-even assessment tests financial viability. The analysis works through the model across its value proposition, customer segments, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, activities, partnerships and cost structure, and places it within the literature on relationship-based gifting, cultural entrepreneurship and inclusive 'bottom-of-the-pyramid' enterprise. The findings suggest that a culturally anchored, artisan-collaborated gifting model can hold gross margins in the 55-63% range, reach operational break-even within the first year on a lean initial investment of about Rs. 3.5 lakh, and grow revenue from roughly Rs. 18 lakh to Rs. 75 lakh over three years. Artisan income sits directly inside the cost of goods sold rather than being treated as philanthropy. The paper concludes that heritage-based corporate gifting is a commercially viable and socially defensible form of cultural entrepreneurship, one where craft preservation is paid for by commerce, and it sets out directions for experiential testing.

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 Keywords

Corporate Gifting, Heritage Entrepreneurship, Business Model, Business Model Canvas, Cultural Entrepreneurship, Artisan Livelihood, Social Enterprise, Bottom of the Pyramid

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most influential technological developments of the twenty-first century, transforming education, employment, healthcare, governance, entertainment, and social interaction. Generation Z, broadly defined as individuals born between 1997 and 2012, represents the first generation to mature in an environment where AI is integrated into everyday life. AI-powered applications, including generative AI, virtual assistants, recommendation algorithms, and automated decision-making systems, have significantly enhanced opportunities for learning, innovation, and entrepreneurship. However, these developments have also generated socio-legal concerns relating to privacy, data protection, misinformation, algorithmic bias, cybercrime, employment displacement, and intellectual property rights. This paper critically examines the interaction between AI and Generation Z from a socio-legal perspective. It evaluates the adequacy of India's constitutional and statutory framework in addressing AI-related challenges, analyses emerging international regulatory models, and proposes reforms to ensure that technological innovation is balanced with the protection of human rights, democratic values, and legal accountability.

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Artificial Intelligence, Generation Z, Socio-Legal Research, Digital Rights, Privacy, Data Protection, AI Governance, Legal Accountability.

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Language plays a crucial role in the administration of justice, as it serves as the principal means through which legal norms are communicated, interpreted, and enforced. In a multilingual country such as India, linguistic diversity enriches the legal system but also presents significant challenges in ensuring equal access to justice. Although the Constitution of India recognizes multiple languages and provides safeguards for linguistic minorities, English continues to dominate judicial proceedings, particularly in the Supreme Court and most High Courts. This linguistic reality often creates obstacles for individuals who are not proficient in English, restricting their ability to understand legal processes, participate effectively in court proceedings, and access judicial remedies. The existence of language barriers may adversely affect procedural fairness, increase dependence on legal professionals and interpreters, and hinder meaningful participation in the justice delivery system. Such challenges are particularly pronounced among rural populations, economically weaker sections, and linguistic minorities. This article examines the constitutional and statutory framework governing the use of language in Indian courts and evaluates the impact of linguistic barriers on the realization of access to justice and fair trial rights. It further explores the potential of technological innovations, including artificial intelligence-based translation and interpretation tools, in addressing these challenges. The study argues for a more inclusive linguistic approach within the judiciary through the expansion of regional language usage, strengthening of interpretation services, development of multilingual legal resources, and adoption of plain legal language. These measures are essential for creating a justice system that is accessible, transparent, and responsive to India's linguistic diversity.

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 Keywords

Language Rights, Access to Justice, Judicial System, Legal Language, Multilingualism.

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: Physical Fitness, Lifestyle Disorders, University Students, Wellness Programs, Mental Health, Obesity

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This article focuses on one of the founding figures of the Sunni school of Islamic jurisprudence who contributed to the development of Islamic law, Ab? Hanifah. Studying Ab? Hanifah's literature can better understand his thoughts and views on Islamic legal issues. It can also provide greater insight into the history of Islamic thought and how Ab? Hanifah's thoughts impact Muslim society today. This study uses the heuristic method with critical literature analysis because the data is obtained from various books, journals, and other documentation relevant to the historical approach. The results of this study state that the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence is one of the famous schools of Islamic jurisprudence in the scientific discipline of Islamic law founded by Ab? Hanifah. His background and education strongly influence Ab? Hanifah's thinking pattern in determining the law. It is also inseparable from the socio-cultural dimension and the politics that underlie the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence, which is seen as a factor affecting Islamiclaw's rational character. Literature on studying Islamic law in the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence is widely found and spread worldwide. The school of Islamic jurisprudence is even adopted by one-third of the world's Muslim population. However, remember that some of Ab? Hanifah's written works may no longer be available or incomplete. Over time, some manuscripts may be damaged or lost.

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Digital Infrastructure, Rural India

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Abstract National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 places a strong emphasis on Indian Knowledge System (IKS), integrating Indian culture and traditions within the educational system. This study examines the transformative function of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in accomplishing this goal of preserving, including and integrating Folklore in teaching-learning process. The study begins by discussing the role folklore plays in education, serving as a medium to impart cultural values, ethical principles, and historical knowledge. This paper explores the evolving role of AI in education, focusing on its potential to provide enriched teaching - learning experiences by integrating folklore. The paper also addresses how AI can contribute in the preservation of folklore, utilizing advanced tools for digitization, documentation, and global dissemination. Furthermore, the paper investigates the practical applications of AI for teachers for using folklore in the teaching-learning process. This includes developing folklore-based lesson plans, and designing interactive activities that engage students in exploring their cultural roots. The study also emphasizes AIs capacity for listing and categorizing folklore facilitates educators in identifying stories and traditions suitable to be integrated in teaching learning process.

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NEP 2020, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Folklore, Cultural Preservation, Teaching-Learning, Curriculum Integration, Digital Documentation, Cultural Roots.

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Artificial intelligence is rapidly entering the systems through which disability is identified, accommodated, treated and governed. It powers screen readers, speech recognition, alternative communication, navigation, rehabilitation and personalised learning. At the same time, it is increasingly used to screen job applicants, monitor workers, assess students, prioritise patients and determine access to public benefits. So necessarily the legal question is not whether AI is beneficial or harmful, but whether AI helps in addressing the issues of disabled community and convert disability into a condition that has to be managed by institutions. Using India as the principal jurisdiction, the article examines the Constitution, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 and leading disability-rights judgments. It draws comparative lessons from the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act and the United States disability-discrimination framework. A detailed attention is provided to employment because algorithmic hiring and workplace surveillance expose the central tension between efficiency and reasonable accommodation. It concludes that India needs a disability-centred AI governance framework built around participatory design, accessibility, impact assessment, data minimisation, meaningful human review, vendor accountability and effective remedies. AI should assist a person in exercising choices; it should not silently decide which persons are worthy of opportunity, care or public support.

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:Artificial Intelligence, Disability Rights, Reasonable Accommodation, Algorithmic Discrimination Data Protection

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Abstract: Memory dysfunction or memory disorders are now becoming a health problem that negatively impacts quality of life and functional independence. Nisy?n in Unani medicine is a disorder in which memory, reasoning, and imagination become defective. The objective of this review is to give an integrative discussion on the Unani perspective of Nisy?n, its pathophysiology, presentation, lifestyle factors, and treatment approach supported by recent scientific findings. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, to identify relevant English-language publications. Classical Unani literature was reviewed using authoritative texts, including Al-Qanun fi'l-Tibb, Sharah Asbab, Tibb-e-Akbar, Zakheera Khwarzam Shahi, Khazain-ul-Advia, and other standard Unani references. As per the classical literature, the Nisy?n arises from derangements of Quwwat-e-Hafiza, Quwwat-e-Mufakkira, and Quwwat-e-Khayal mostly due to Su'-e-Mizaj of the brain. Both classical and modern literature indicate the role of modifiable lifestyle factors which includes poor dietary habits, digestion, sleep problems, inactivity, psychological distress, and metabolic disorders in causing memory dysfunction. Many Muqawwi-e-Hafiza drugs have shown antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive effects in experimental studies. However, evidence is inadequate for some formulations.

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Nisy?n, memory dysfunction, Unani medicine, Muqawwi-e-Hafiza, lifestyle determinants, cognitive impairment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition