Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The migration to wireless network from wired network has been a global trend in the past few decades. The mobility and scalability brought by wireless network made it possible in many applications. Among all the contemporary wireless networks, Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is one of the most important and unique applications. On the contrary to traditional network architecture, MANET does not require a fixed network infrastructure; every single node works as both a transmitter and a receiver. Nodes communicate directly with each other when they are both within the same communication range. Otherwise, they rely on their neighbors to relay messages. The self-configuring ability of nodes in MANET made it popular among critical mission applications like military use or emergency recovery. However, the open medium and wide distribution of nodes make MANET vulnerable to malicious attackersTo adjust to such trend strongly believe that it is vital to address its potential security issues. In this paper propose and implement a new intrusion-detection system named Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgment (EAACK) specially designed for MANETs. Compared to contemporary approaches, EAACK demonstrates higher malicious-behavior-detection rates in certain circumstances while does not greatly affect the network performances. Use improved Kuok fuzzy data mining algorithm, which in turn a modified version of APRIORI algorithm, for implementing fuzzy rules, which allows us to construct if-then rules that reflect common ways of describing security attacks.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cloud Computing, Traffic Prediction, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data Analytics, Traffic Forecasting, Internet of Things (IoT), Real-Time Traffic Monitoring, Smart Cities, Traffic Congestion Management, Cloud-Based Traffic Systems, Artificial Intelligence (AI), GPS Data Analytics, Predictive Analytics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) like AI chatbots offer engineering students unprecedented access to personalized, 24/7 academic support. However, unguided tool adoption frequently results in surface-level learning, plagiarism, or exposure to conceptual hallucinations. This research article establishes a formal Modus Operandi to transform AI chatbots from shortcuts into robust knowledge enrichment systems. Four core pillars of effective AI integration is examined in this work: interactive mathematical derivation decoding, accelerated literature aggregation, empirical cross-validation against laboratory/classroom results, and systematic prompt engineering frameworks. By adhering to this Modus Operandi, engineering undergraduates can securely maximize learning depth, optimize study workflows, and maintain strict academic integrity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Generative AI; Engineering Pedagogy; Large Language Models (LLMs); Prompt Engineering

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study delves into the impact of digital learning on students' attitudes and behaviors. Through a comprehensive analysis, it examines how the integration of digital technologies in education influences students' perceptions and actions. By synthesizing existing research and conducting empirical investigations, the study elucidates the multifaceted effects of digital learning on students' attitudes towards learning, engagement levels, study habits, and overall academic performance. Additionally, it explores the potential implications of digital learning on students' social interactions, cognitive development, and adaptability to technological advancements. Students in the short-time interval group showed a far greater learning effect than those in the long-time interval group.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital learning , effect of digital learning on mental health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article revives the transformative role of Commissioner Sir Mark Cubbon (1834-1861) in establishing the modern education system in the princely state of Mysore. During his 27-year tenure as Chief Commissioner, Cubbon implemented comprehensive administrative, judicial, and educational reforms that transformed Mysore into what historians would later call a "model state." His policies toward education, including support for missionary institutions, the establishment of vernacular schools, and the creation of an accessible educational infrastructure, laid the groundwork for Mysore's emergence as a centre of educational excellence in nineteenth-century India. This paper analyses Cubbon's educational initiatives within the broader context of his administrative modernisation efforts and their lasting impact on Mysore's educational landscape.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Mark Cubbon, Modern Education, Princely Mysore, 19th Century Educational Reforms, Colonial Administration, Vernacular Education, Missionary Schools, Historical Research Methodology, Education Policy in Mysore

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Artificial intelligence has become a transformative technology that is reshaping governance and public administration by enhancing governments capacity to design , implement and evaluate public policies. The growing integration of Artificial Intelligence technologies , including machine learning, natural language processing, predictive analytics and generative AI has significantly influenced every stages of the public policy cycle. This paper examines the role of AI across the public policy cycle. This paper examines the role of AI across the policy cycle, focusing on agenda setting, policy formulation, policy implementation, policy monitoring, policy evaluation and feedback. The study critically analyse the opportunities created by AI , including evidence based decision making, improved public service delivery, enhanced adminstrative efficiency, predictive governance, optimised resources allocation and greater citizens engagement. At the same time, it highlights key challenges associated with AI adoption in policy making such as algorithmic bias , cybersecurity threats , digital inequality,ethical dilemmas and accountability issues. The paper argues that although AI has considered potential to improve the quality, responsiveness and effectiveness of public governance. The integration of Artificial intelligence into the public policy cycle requires robust legal and regulatory frameworks, transparent governance mechanisms, meaningful human oversight , institutional capacity building and active citizens participation. The study concludes that a human centred and ethically governed approach to AI adoption is essential for developing inclusive, transparent, accountable and sustainable public policies capable of addressing the increasingly complex governance challenges of twenty first century.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial intelligence, Public Policy Cycle , Policy Formulation, Policy Implementation, Policy Evaluation , Policy feedback

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid growth of the construction industry has increased the demand for cement, resulting in higher carbon dioxide emissions and environmental concerns. To promote sustainable construction practices, this study investigates the use of She-Oak (Casuarina equisetifolia) leaf ash as a partial replacement for cement in M20 grade concrete. The She-Oak leaves were collected, cleaned, burnt under controlled conditions, and sieved through a 90-micron sieve to obtain fine ash suitable for concrete production, with an ash yield of nearly 20% from dry leaves. Concrete mixes were prepared with 0%, 5%, and 10% replacement of cement using She-Oak ash, and experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, water absorption, acid resistance, sulphate resistance, and crack behaviors. The slump test results showed a reduction in workability from 78 mm for conventional concrete to 71 mm and 64 mm for 5% and 10% replacement respectively, while still maintaining medium workability suitable for RCC applications. The compressive strength increased from 20.3 MPa for conventional concrete to 22.7 MPa and 23.9 MPa for 5% and 10% replacement, indicating improvements of about 11.8% and 17.7%. Similarly, split tensile strength improved from 2.34 MPa to 2.52 MPa and 2.66 MPa for 5% and 10% replacement respectively. Durability tests also showed favorable results, with lower water absorption, reduced acid attack loss, and improved sulphate resistance for the She-Oak ash mixes compared to conventional concrete. Crack pattern analysis revealed narrower and more uniformly distributed cracks in the 5% replacement mix, indicating improved bonding and stress distribution within the concrete matrix. Overall, the study concludes that the incorporation of 5-10% She-Oak leaf ash enhances both the mechanical and durability properties of concrete while reducing cement consumption and promoting effective utilization of biomass waste for eco-friendly construction applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

She-Oak leaf ash, Casuarina equisetifolia, sustainable concrete, supplementary cementitious material, compressive strength

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Elderly, Aging, Multimorbidity, Prevalence, Tier-2 City, Urban Health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Elderly, Cardiovascular Function, Respiratory Function, Cognitive Function, Multimorbidity, Urban Population.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sustainable tourism; Overtourism; Destination resilience; Stakeholder engagement; Tourism governance; Carrying capacity; Responsible tourism; Emerging economies; Environmental sustainability; Socio-cultural impacts

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

: Extended Reality (XR), covering augmented reality, virtual reality and mixed reality, is increasingly proposed as a tool for transforming teaching and learning in higher education. Much of the existing evidence on XR adoption comes from well-resourced institutions in North America, Europe and East Asia, which leaves open the question of whether the same theoretical explanations hold in resource-constrained settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on XR adoption in higher education, drawing on constructivism, experiential learning theory, the Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovations theory, situated learning theory and the Resource-Based View. The review synthesizes evidence from global, African and Ugandan sources to identify the internal institutional factors, namely technological readiness, human capacity, contextual adaptability and economic viability, that shape XR adoption, and it examines institutional support as a factor that strengthens or weakens these relationships rather than acting as an independent predictor. The review finds that existing frameworks explain individual and organizational adoption behavior reasonably well but rarely account for the infrastructural and cultural conditions typical of low-resource universities. It closes by identifying gaps around the localization of XR content, the sustainability of donor-funded pilots, and the limited empirical treatment of institutional support as a moderating variable, and it proposes a consolidated framework to guide future empirical research in this area.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Extended Reality, Technology Adoption, Higher Education, Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovations, Institutional Support, Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition