Volume 11 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Anaemia in pregnancy exists worldwide. Anaemia in pregnancy is a public health problem in developing countries like India. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural areas of Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India from July 2020 to June 2022. A total of 358 pregnant women were included in this case study. We used the Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) to examine the strength of the association between anaemia and exposure variables and the association between maternal anaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The study found 68.16% of pregnant women to be anaemic in the district under study whereas the percentage of anaemic pregnant women in West Bengal is 62.3%. The study found that 63.93%, 31.15% and 4.92% of pregnant women suffer from mild, moderate and severe anaemia respectively in Purba Medinipur district. The logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal age, educational status, occupation, monthly family income, socio-economic status, gravida, interpregnancy interval, pica habits, antenatal care visits, meals frequency/ day during pregnancy, and history of food insecurity within the past 12 months were significantly associated with anaemia among the pregnant women at p value <= 0.05. Maternal anaemia is significantly associated with poor pregnancy outcomes like preterm and LBW. It is highly recommended that awareness and education programs regarding the regular intake of iron-folate supplements, nutritious diet and iron-rich foods, regular antenatal care visits, hygienic practices and birth spacing in pregnancy should be started at grass-root levels to prevent anaemia in pregnant women.

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 Keywords

Prevalence, Anaemia, Pregnant, gravida, pica habits, ANC, LBW, Preterm

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Although the benefts of current anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programmes have been demonstrated in efficacy studies, they, unfortunately, have had limited public health impact to date. For example, the incidence of ACL injuries continues to rise in adolescent athletes. Raising awareness and educating coaches and athletes is not enough to facilitate the widespread, sustained use of these programmes in the real-world setting. Considering the profound burden of ACL injuries, it is necessary to continue to improve the current ACL injury prevention programmes through co-creation. First, the uptake of the programmes should be optimized by a better appreciation and understanding of the individual, socio-cultural and environmental context (i.e., community). Second, the content of the programmes should be optimized to better reflect the demands of the sport by creating more ownership and increasing motivation (incorporating challenging, sport-specific and fun elements) with the end-users. In addition, implicit motor learning, random practice and differential learning are concepts that should be integrated when practicing to obtain the most optimal results when learning or fine tuning skills. Considering the profound burden of ACL injuries, it is necessary to continue to improve the current ACL injury prevention programs through co-creation with the end users. The context of the player and the demands of the sport (content) should be included when designing ACL injury prevention programs.

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 Keywords

Knee and ankle injuries, ACL ruptures, Optimal Motor learning , Training design

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recently government of India has released a national education policy 2020, Ministry of human resource development was renamed to Ministry of education. New education policy is essential for changing society and its educational system. Different country produced different education policy according to their aspect of education; considering their tradition, culture, need of changing society, changing perspective of people. We have neglected pre-primary education i.e. Early childhood care and education for a long time. 0 to 6 are without any doubt the most formative period of a child's life. A number of initiative have been taken by the government of India before released national education policy 2020 for bringing quality in the form of many programme like Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS 1975), District Primary Education Programme (DPEP 1994), Sarvashikshaabhijan (SSA 2001). Presently many initiatives have been taken through NEP 2020 to promote quality ECCE to crores of young children, particularly from socio economically disadvantage background. Strong investment need to promote access, enabling them to participate and flourish in the educational system throughout their lives. This paper highlights on Early Childhood Care and Education regarding NEP2020 and compare it with NPE1986.

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 Keywords

Early Childhood Care and Education, Integrated Child Development Service, Anganwadis, primary school

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Methods of enhancing employee productivity are welfare initiatives. Anything that seriously affects the comfort and improvement of the workers above and beyond the money provided and is not a requirement of the industry is considered to be a violation of employee welfare. Employee welfare's primary goal is to enhance and maintain employees' quality of life. The study's main goals are to determine employee satisfaction levels with welfare services and to ascertain what kind of welfare measures employees expect from their employers. Utilizing both primary and secondary data, the study's goal was assessed. The study has employed a descriptive research design as its method of choice. The research that has been done to understand this study's scenario is considered descriptive research. With the aid of a standardized questionnaire, the data was gathered. For this investigation, stratified sampling was used as the sample method. The data was examined using the percentage analysis 2 method. The study's most important conclusions are that the organization offers its employees good welfare benefits and contributes to their increased motivation

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Welfare measures, Satisfaction level of Employees

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UCC is the most widely debatable topic throughout India. India is a secular State in the sense that it has no state religion and every religion is equal in the eyes of state. India allows its citizen the Right to Freedom of religion as fundamental rights under part- III of Indian constitution. The concept of secularism is not static, definite or fixed. It changes with the change of practice of the religion, views and socio-political landscape of the country. The personal laws related to marriage, divorce, succession and inheritance, maintenance, custody of the children and adoption. By tradition the personal law is treated as religious though religion has nothing to do with it. Therefore the language of Art 44 needs correction to mean that the direction is to secure a uniform personal laws6 .

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Secularism, Constitutional Mandate, Personal Law, Freedom of Conscience, Right to profess, Religious Practice,Untouchablity, Succession

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The colonial laws enacted by the British government in India to reform the status of women, particularly widows, were primarily based on contradictions. The property laws (mitakshara and dayabhaga) favoured men and deprived women of their rights to family property. Under Hindu law, women were excluded from legal ownership of joint family property. This paper argues that the colonial laws enacted to protect the rights of widows were silent on their economic position. For instance, the Hindu Widow's Remarriage Act (HWRA), 1856, passed to legalise Hindu widow's marriage, had an 'economic disability'. Section 2 of HWRA disinherited widows upon their marriage. The Anglo-Indian Courts applied Section 2 to many lower-caste widows who had a prior custom of remarriage. This provision brought women into litigation as the families of deceased husbands used Section 2 against the widows. However, almost after a decade, efforts were made to change the oppressive laws that deprived women of their rights in the estate.

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 Keywords

colonial state, dayabhaga, mitakshara, property, widow

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This paper proposes a robust wavelet shrinkage approach for image denoising. Removal of noise is critical in the image reconstruction process, but denoising of image is still a challenging task. Denoising is used to remove the noise from corrupted image, while preserving the edges and other detailed features to a larger extent. This noise is added during acquisition, transmission & reception and even in storage & retrieval processes. Wavelet shrinkage is an image denoising technique based on the concept of thresholding the wavelet coefficients. Thresholds can be of either hard or soft estimates. Hard thresholding is a keep or kill rule whereas soft thresholding shrinks the coefficients above the threshold in absolute value. We are emphasizing on soft thresholds. The key challenge of wavelet shrinkage is to find an appropriate threshold value, which is typically controlled by the signal variance.

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Image denoising, Wavelet transforms.

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For the expanding Indian banking industry, consolidation in the banking sector is crucial in terms of mergers and acquisitions. Cost reduction and revenue growth are two ways to do this. Why do we need banking consolidation in India and what are the challenges that lie ahead are the key points here. The part that the The central government must be carefully considered throughout the process because it is essential to the development of the policies necessary for the expansion of Indian banking. Recently, it is observed that some M&A as voluntary efforts on the part of banks. The first of these consolidations after financial sector reforms were introduced in 1991 involved the merger of Times Bank and HDFC Bank. Banks have made voluntary attempts to consolidate and expand through the merger of Bank of Madura with ICICI Bank, the reverse merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank, the union of Centurion Bank and Bank of Punjab to become Centurion Bank of Punjab, and the recent choice of Lord Krishna Bank to unite with Federal Bank. Is it better for Indian banks to grow in size? Even the biggest Indian banks are considered minnows by international standards in a sector where scale matters and where boundaries between countries are vanishing. India is still an unbanked nation. The majority of the banking industry is undersized even by Indian standards: the top 25 banks, of which 18 are owned by the government, account for nearly 85% of banking assets. According to a study of the Indian banking sector, M & A is essential due to variables like stability, shareholder return, adherence to regulations, etc. Additionally, M & A offers these Indian institutions the chance to establish a universal bank. Additionally, mergers may be employed strategically.

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Finance, Mergers and Acquisition.

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Groundwater is a crucial natural resource that sustains various human and ecological activities. However, the growing demand for water in Madnur and Jukkal Mandals of Kamareddy Districts, coupled with potential risks of groundwater depletion, necessitates a comprehensive assessment of groundwater potential for sustainable development. This research employs a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach to evaluate the groundwater potential in the study area. The MCA integrates multiple factors affecting groundwater availability, including lithology, land use, soil characteristics, geomorphic units, slope, lineaments, hydrogeological conditions, and rainfall patterns. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology and remote sensing data are utilized to gather and analyze spatial information, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the assessment. Considering diverse criteria, the study generates a comprehensive groundwater potential map, classifying areas into very high, high, moderate, low and very low potential zones. This spatial analysis facilitates a better understanding of the regional groundwater dynamics, identifying areas suitable for sustainable groundwater abstraction and those requiring conservation measures to prevent overexploitation. The research's findings will be critical for developing effective water resource management strategies, promoting sustainable groundwater usage, and safeguarding the environment. The proposed multi-criteria analysis approach for deciphering groundwater potential can serve as a valuable model for similar studies in other regions facing water scarcity and resource management challenges. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the sustainable development and prudent utilization of groundwater resources in Madnur and Jukkal Mandals, ensuring their availability for future generations and fostering environmental conservation efforts.

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 Keywords

Groundwater potential, Multi-criteria analysis, Hydrogeological conditions, Geographic Information Systems, Water scarcity, Agricultural water management

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Herbal medicines is still the mainstay of about 75-80% of the world's population, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with human body and lesser side effects. Herbal medicines consist of plant or its part to treat injuries, disease or illnesses and are used to prevent and treat diseases and ailments or to promote health and healing. it is a drug or preparation made from a plant or plants and used for any to such purpose. The aim of present study was to prepare herbal gel formulation containing ethanolic extract of antifungal herbal gel containing senna alata, murraya koenigi cassia tora . The gel was prepared by using carbopol 940(1%w/v) , propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propylparaben, , tri-ethanolamine and required amount of distilled water. The prepared gels were evaluated for physical appearance, ph, spreadability, drug content, , diffusion study, viscosity, homogeneity. It was inferred from results that gel formulations were good in appearance and homogeneity. Antifungal herbal gel containing senna alata, murraya koenigii cassia tora based gel proved to the formula of choice. The methanolic crude extract and the partially purified fractions were both active against standard strains of E.coli but at different concentrations.

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E. Coli, Herbal gel

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