Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping digital education by enabling personalized learning, intelligent tutoring, and data-driven decision-making. However, existing educational systems often employ Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), and Learning Analytics (LA) as independent technologies, limiting their collective potential. This study proposes a unified conceptual framework that integrates these technologies to support the development of future-proof intelligent education. In the proposed framework, GenAI facilitates intelligent content generation and learner support, RAG enhances the reliability of AI-generated responses through knowledge retrieval, and Learning Analytics provides personalized insights based on learner behaviour and performance. The framework illustrates how these technologies can work together to create adaptive, trustworthy, and learner-centered digital learning environments. To strengthen the theoretical foundation, a PLS-SEM structural validation model is proposed to establish the relationships among the constructs and provide a basis for future empirical investigation. The study further discusses key implementation challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, ethical AI governance, interoperability, and digital literacy. The proposed framework contributes to the emerging field of AI-enabled education by offering a comprehensive roadmap for integrating trustworthy AI with evidence-based educational analytics. It also provides practical guidance for educators, researchers, and policymakers seeking to design intelligent and sustainable digital learning ecosystems. Future studies may empirically validate the proposed model across diverse educational contexts to further establish its applicability and generalizability.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Generative Artificial Intelligence, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, Learning Analytics, Intelligent Education, Personalized Learning, Artificial Intelligence in Education, Adaptive Learning.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Stored-product beetles, particularly Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), are among the most destructive pests of stored legumes, causing significant quantitative and qualitative losses during storage. The widespread use of synthetic insecticides for bruchid management has led to concerns regarding insect resistance, pesticide residues, environmental contamination, and human health risks, thereby creating a need for safer and more sustainable alternatives. Botanical insecticides have emerged as promising eco-friendly options because of their biodegradability, availability, and diverse bioactive compounds with insecticidal, repellent, and fumigant properties. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) is an important pulse crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in India, where it serves as a major source of dietary protein and contributes to soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. However, its storage is severely affected by C. maculatus, resulting in reduced seed quality, weight loss, and decreased market value. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the insecticidal potential of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Mentha spicata (spearmint) against C. maculatus infesting stored pigeon pea. The study focuses on the efficacy of phytochemicals present in these botanicals as sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides. By assessing their potential in managing pulse beetle infestations, the research aims to contribute to the development of environmentally friendly and economically viable pest management strategies for the protection of stored legumes and the enhancement of food security.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

(Stored-product beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.), Botanical insecticides Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Mentha spicata (mint).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Agriculture still plays a major role in economic change, especially in developing nations where it provides jobs, food, and industrial expansion. This paper examines how agriculture may change structures by increasing productivity, income, poverty reduction, and long-term economic growth. Recent research is examined to determine how agricultural growth affects economic growth. This theory holds that increasing agricultural output gives more raw materials for industrialisation. This boosts rural economies, exports, and employment. New technologies, climate-smart farming, digital farming, mechanisation, and supportive government policies are making agriculture a growth driver for everyone, according to the study. Agriculture has achieved great progresses, but climate change, resource depletion, inadequate funding, inefficient markets, and poor infrastructure remain. These issues must be addressed by wise investments, regulatory changes, and new technologies to sustain the economic transformation. The review concludes that agriculture is needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), provide enough food, reduce income inequality, and develop strong economies. Balanced agriculture modernisation and industry and service development can make long-term economic change more inclusive and stable.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agriculture, sustainable development, agricultural productivity, rural development, structural change, economic growth.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Healthy digital habits, knowledge, practice, school-going children, digital well-being, screen time, adolescents, school health.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract o Background: Marma is a unique concept in Ayurveda representing anatomically and physiologically significant sites where muscles, vessels, ligaments, bones, and joints converge. These vital points are regarded as the seats of Prana (vital life force) and play an important role in maintaining structural integrity and physiological functions. Classical Ayurvedic texts emphasize the importance of Marma in trauma management, surgical practice, and therapeutic interventions. o Objective: To review the anatomical concept of Marma and explore its practical applications in Marma Chikitsa from classical Ayurvedic literature in relation to contemporary anatomical understanding. o Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, including Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with published articles indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, AYUSH Research Portal, and other scientific databases. Relevant literature concerning the anatomy, classification, physiological importance, and therapeutic applications of Marma was critically reviewed and synthesized. o Results: Marma points represent specialized anatomical regions where multiple structural and functional components intersect. Classical Ayurveda describes 107 Marma points distributed throughout the body and classifies them according to anatomical structures, regional distribution, dimensions, and prognostic significance following trauma. Beyond their surgical importance, these vital points have emerged as therapeutic targets in Marma Chikitsa, where gentle stimulation is believed to regulate Prana, improve circulation, relieve pain, restore neuromuscular function, and promote physical as well as psychological well-being. o Conclusion: Marma constitutes a fundamental anatomical and therapeutic principle in Ayurveda. Understanding the anatomical basis and physiological relevance of Marma provides valuable insights into traditional healthcare practices and supports the integration of Marma Chikitsa into complementary pain management and rehabilitation strategies. Further clinical and anatomical research is required to establish standardized therapeutic protocols and scientific validation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

o Keywords: Marma, Marma Chikitsa, Ayurveda, Anatomy, Prana, Vital Points, Pain Management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for nearly two-thirds of Bihar's population, with small and marginal farmers constituting more than 95% of operational landholders. Despite significant agricultural potential, farmers in Bihar continue to face numerous challenges, including fragmented landholdings, inadequate irrigation, climate variability, low farm mechanization, and limited access to institutional credit and markets. To address these issues and enhance farmers' income, the Government of India and the Government of Bihar have implemented several farmer-centric schemes since 2018, including the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) and various state agricultural support programmes. These initiatives aim to provide direct income support, subsidized agricultural inputs, irrigation facilities, farm mechanization, crop insurance, quality seeds, and digital services, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural development and improving rural livelihoods. This paper examines the impact of PM-KISAN and major state agricultural schemes on the socio-economic conditions of farmers in Bihar. It evaluates their contribution to agricultural productivity, input use, farm income, technology adoption, climate resilience, and overall agricultural sustainability. The study based on descriptive and analytical approach based on secondary data collected from government reports, Bihar Economic Surveys, publications of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, NITI Aayog, NABARD, research articles, and other authentic sources. The paper concludes that greater convergence among central and state programmes, improved digital governance, expansion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and enhanced extension services are essential for maximizing the benefits of agricultural support policies in Bihar.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PM-KISAN, Agricultural Schemes, Bihar, Farmers' Income, Sustainable Agriculture, Agricultural Development, Farm Mechanization, Rural Livelihoods, Agricultural Policy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Simulation-Based Training; Neonatal Resuscitation; Skill Retention; Healthcare Providers; OSCE; Longitudinal Study; Nursing Education.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Type II Diabetes Mellitus; Foot Self-Care Behavior; Peripheral Neuropathy; Diabetic Foot Ulcer; Cross-Sectional Study; Community Health.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Video-assisted teaching, mobile phone, school-going children, knowledge, digital health, health education, adolescents.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Preeclampsia, nurse-led counseling, anxiety, stress, coping strategies, antenatal care, maternal mental health, nursing intervention

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition