Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Abstract This journal explores the multifaceted dimensions of social development in children. It examines theoretical frameworks, key milestones, influences, and the impact of environmental factors on social growth. Through a synthesis of existing research, this paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of how children develop social skills and the implications for their overall development. Key word:- Socialization, social Growth, cognative development,

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Key word:- Socialization, social Growth, cognative development,

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Black cumin seeds, or Nigella sativa, are incredibly rich in natural compounds with a variety of therapeutic applications. In vitro, including natural antioxidants, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and wound-healing capabilities in several human body sites, as well as antibacterial and antifungal action. In addition to being well-known for its culinary applications, Nigella sativa is a popular therapeutic herb that has long been valued in traditional medicine. It is highly well-liked in many traditional systems, including Siddha, Ayurveda, and Unani. Oil and seeds have long been used in folklore in a variety of food and medical systems. Numerous conditions, including skin disorders, jaundice, gastrointestinal issues, anorexia, conjunctivitis, dyspepsia, rheumatism, diabetes, hypertension, intrinsic hemorrhage, paralysis, amenorrhea, and asthma, have been shown to be significantly improved by nigella sativa. A dicotyledonous plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, black cumin has long been used as a medicinal herb. Its rich historical background and traditional history draw attention. The plant's active components come from nigella seeds and the oils extracted from them. Eastern Mediterranean nations as well as Eastern and Southern Europe are the birthplaces of black cumin. Other 134 countries started to import black cumin. It has also extended to Turkey, India, and North Africa. Since ancient times, plants have been a key source of medicine in all societies. "This black cumin is healing for all diseases except death," said the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). [16] Many native herbs are employed in the traditional system to diagnose, prevent, and treat physical, mental, and social imbalances (Manjunath, 1990). The foundation of traditional medicine is made up of medicinal plants, which are crucial to both individual and community health (Farnsworth, 1994). These plants' therapeutic efficacy is derived from a few chemical compounds that have specific physiological effects on humans (Edeoga et al., 2005). [1] The medications are made from the entire plant or from various parts of it, such as the leaves, stem, bark, roots, flowers, seeds, etc. Certain medications are made from plant products that are excreted, like gum, resins, and latex. According to estimates from the World Health Organization, 80% of people benefit from using herbal treatments. As a result, it is essential to assess the rich history of traditional medicine. Nevertheless, several studies on medicinal plants still need to be conducted because very few plant species have had their therapeutic qualities, mechanisms of action, safety, and toxicity extensively examined. [2] . Long known as a cultivated plant, black cumin is frequently used in bread, muffins, and several cheese variations, particularly in the Middle East. Ancient Egyptians also utilized black cumin for medicinal purposes. The Pharaohs' private physicians were said to have kept a bowl of black cumin on hand at all times and employed it as a remedy for inflammations, headaches, colds, and toothaches in addition to helping with digestion following binge eating. In ancient writings, Hippocrates and Dioscorides referred to the black cumin as "Melanthion" (Alt?nterim, 2010) [5]. Worldwide, N. sativa is regarded as a significant therapeutic herb. Its application in the food, pharmaceutical, and ornamental industries have significant economic significance. Different body parts are affected differently by the pharmacological actions of N. sativa and its components. According to reports now available, the plant has anti- inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties. Numerous studies have also shown its effects on the immune system, the digestive system, and the central nervous system. [2] It is possible to draw the conclusion from our research that Nigella sativa seeds contain a variety of bioactive substances. Traditional healers use the seeds to treat a variety of illnesses because of their bioactive ingredients .

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Black Seed, Black Seed, Kalonji

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Abstract: This paper deals with the changing perceptions of historians and writers about the historical developments in modern Dakshina Kannada. Historiography is a historian's way of constructing the past. One of the famous anti-colonial movements called the Amara-Sullia Rebellion in 1837 in Dakshina Kannada has been engaging the interests of historians and writers since colonial times. It is interesting to see how a rebellion branded as a mere 'Gowda affair' by the colonial writers has become a symbol of the identity and pride of some castes and communities. Historiography discussed here highlights the process through which history is appropriated to meet the present communal and political ends.

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Keywords: Historiography, Post-Independence, Dakshina Kannada, Canara

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Stress plays a major role in teachers' daily lives at present. This study is carried out to determine the current level of occupational stress experienced by general degree college teachers of Puruliadistrict. A descriptive survey technique was used to conduct the study, and 396 college teachers in the Purulia district were randomly selected to receive the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) (Fimian, 1988). The results of the present study revealed that on an average, college teachers experienced high stress in Time Management and Work Related Stress; low stress in Professional Distress, Discipline and Motivation, Professional Investment, Emotional Manifestation, Fatigue Manifestation, Cardiovascular Manifestation, Gastro-vascular Manifestation, Behavioural Manifestation and also in Teachers Stress (in Totality). Hence, it can be inferred that the general degree college teachers in the Purulia district generally exhibited low levels of occupational stress across various dimensions, as well as in overall occupational stress levels.

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Stress, Occupational Stress, Professional Distress, Work Related Stress

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Even though being an essential part of the body, the human foot is frequently neglected.Another essential organ used for movement (such as travelling, running around, and jumping) is the foot. They need to be attended to. The main objective of our formulation was to design and produce a herbal foot crack herbal cream that had healing, antibacterial, and antimicrobial qualities obtained from mint and fenugreek extract.A multitude of anti-inflammatory ingredients were used, and microbiological analyses were conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of the cream. It was found that the developed solution was risk-free, effective, and efficient in treating cracked heels. The subject's broken heels after fifteen days of use proved the effectiveness of the a cream.

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Mint extract, Fenugreek extract,Cracked heel

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Abstract During In-vitro studies, there was an investigation on the effect of the use of different surface sterilizing agents on nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Surface sterilization is the most vital step during the preparation of healthy and viable explants for the micropropagation technique. The collection of explants was done from CPTs, that were highly exposed to microbial contaminants. Most contaminants such as bacteria and fungi are discarded by surface sterilization with the help of appropriate sterilizing agents. There was the use of HgCl2 and NaOCl, and Ca (OCl)2 a sterilizing agent during in-vitro culture. The leaf sheath covering the nodal segments containing axillary buds (1.5-2.00cm) was carefully removed and cleaned with 70% ethanol using sterilized cotton. These segments were pre-treated with 0.5% Bavistin as fungicides for 15 min. After pre-treatment segments were rinsed with Savlon and fresh running tap water at least three times. Further surface sterilization of explants was done under a laminar airflow cabinet with different treatments of HgCl2 and Ca (OCl)2 at different concentrations. Two methods of surface sterilization were used under a laminar airflow cabinet, (a) the explants were treated with 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 10,15, and 20 minutes. It was thoroughly washed with sterile distilled water. It was then 30sec.dip within 70% ethanol and again rinsed in sterile distilled water. (b) the explants were treated for 10, 15, and 2o min with Ca (OCl)2 with a few drops of tween-20. After this treatment, explants were washed with sterile distilled water, and they were then given a 30 sec. dip in 70% ethanol and again rinsed in sterile distilled water. After these sterilizing agents were used for the satisfactory result of the aseptic culture, viability, and bud break; sterilization with 0.1% HgCl2 for 20 min and 30min continuous rinsing showed 68% Aseptic buds with 52% bud break whereas Ca (OCl)2 (10min.) and similarly rinsing for 30min. showed 17% Aseptic buds with 12% Bud-break.

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Key-Words: Surface sterilization, D. hamiltonii, HgCl2, bud-break, Ca (OCl)2

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Abstract Lockdown and social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to closures of schools, training institutes and higher education facilities in most countries. The education system and the educators have adopted "Education in Emergency". While adapting to the new changes, staff and student readiness needs to be gauged and supported accordingly. The learners with a fixed mindset find it difficult to adapt and adjust, whereas the learners with a growth mindset quickly adapt to a new learning environment. Distance learning traditionally has focused on nontraditional students, such as full-time workers, military personnel, and nonresidents or individuals in remote regions who are unable to attend classroom lectures. Student attitude towards E learning from the study would provide important information regarding their perception towards e learning so as to improve future learning strategies and its need for their academic development in such a time of crisis. More researches are needed to know the attitude of the students in different parts of the country. It was with this back ground that an attempt was made to study the attitude of students towards eLearning during Pandemic of COVID 19 with reference to Haldia. Student's attitude towards e learning in education has been an increasing concern.

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distance learners,covid 19, Student's attitude

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Community detection is a pivotal task in network science, aiming to identify groups of nodes with dense intra-connections and sparse inter-connections, revealing the hidden structure of complex networks. This paper reviews recent advancements in dynamic and overlapping community detection techniques, focusing on methods developed after 2020. These advancements include leveraging topological data analysis, evolutionary algorithms, graph neural networks, and reinforcement learning to improve the adaptability, scalability, and accuracy of community detection in evolving networks. The integration of multi-label propagation, actor-critic architectures, and multi-view learning further enhances the robustness and accuracy of these methods. Despite significant progress, challenges such as real-time adaptability, handling heterogeneous data, and robustness against noise and missing data remain. Future research directions are proposed, including the development of advanced learning mechanisms, optimization frameworks, and privacy-preserving techniques. This review highlights the potential of these innovative approaches to transform community detection, providing deeper insights into the dynamic and overlapping structures of complex networks.

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Dynamic community detection, Overlapping community detection, Graph neural networks, Machine learning, Complex networks.

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An individual's behaviour, attitudes, and general success in life are greatly influenced by their personality development. This research looks at the many environmental, social, and educational impacts on personality development that college students face. This study attempts to offer a thorough knowledge of how college surroundings contribute to personality development through an extensive literature analysis and empirical investigation. According to the findings, academic difficulties, peer relationships, and extracurricular activities are important for developing important personality qualities including social skills, resilience, and leadership.

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The primary focus of this examination is the pivotal time in college life that is critical for the formation of personality. Being exposed to a variety of experiences, having the chance to explore oneself, and learning vital life skills are what define this period. To create settings that encourage healthy development and equip people for obstacles ahead, educators, legislators, and students themselves must have a thorough understanding of the mechanics of personality development throughout this

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Transdermal drug delivery has made an important contribution to medical practice, but it has yet to fully achieve its potential as an alternative to the oral delivery and hypodermic injections. An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types of delivery systems such as oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, etc. is that the patch may essentially can provide a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate the physicochemical evaluation and anti-microbial activity of plant extract of leucas aspera root by using methanol and ethyl acetate in 1:1 ratio. The primary phytochemical analysis of root extract of leucas aspera showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins. Six batches of H1, H2, H3, S4, S5& S6 Plant extract (root) of Leucas aspera Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting technique. From the results of invitro diffusion and physicochemical studies, H2 & S5 was concluded as best formulation. Then they were subjected to screening of anti- microbial activity The anti-microbial screening result showed that the H2 was highly inhibiting the microbial growth around the patch and additional research on these plants could lead to the discovery of novel bioactive chemicals.

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Transdermal drug delivery, Leucas aspera, Plant extract, Anti-microbial action

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