Volume 12 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Meshashrungi (Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. is wellknown as gurmar in hindi for its sugar destroying property. It is mentioned from samhithas to nighantus with many indications like Prameha, Visha, Kasa, Svasa, Krimi, Kushta, Vrana. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. is used ethnobotanically as remedy in snake bite, for reducing glycosuria and number of eye diseases. Due to various synonyms mentioned for Meshashrungi like Ajashrungi, Vishanika, Mesha, Vishani, Yugmaphala e.t.c. it creates controversy about the original botanical source. Because of the increasing demand of Meshashrungi in treating various diseases, particularly Diabetes mellitus, it is adultered with other available drugs. Pergularia daemia (Forsskal) Chiov, Vallaris Solanaceae (Roth) kunize, Cryptolepsis buchanani Roem. & Schult, Aristolochia bracteolata Ham. and Dolichandrone falcata (Dc.). Seemann. are some of the sources used as Meshashrungi in different parts of india. The article is an attempt to review the morphological features of plant taken as Meshashrungi along with the review of literature. After reviewing various available references and description it can be concluded that Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. is Meshashrungi.

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Keywords: Meshashrungi, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm., Contraversy, Literature review, Gymnemic acid

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Aim: To compare the effect of yogic breathing exercises and mindfulness yoga on quality of life in smartphone addicted middle-aged adults. Objective: To compare the effect of yogic breathing exercises and mindfulness yoga on quality of life in smartphone addicted middle-aged adults using WHOQOL-BREF Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Methodology: By using purposive method 164 smartphone addicted middle-aged adults between age group of 30-40 years were selected and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Yogic breathing exercises) and Group 2 (Mindfulness yoga). The smartphone addiction in middle-aged adults was assessed using Smartphone Addiction Scale. The study was explained to the participants and consent was obtained. Yogic breathing exercises and mindfulness yoga was performed 3days/week for 4 weeks. The Smartphone Addiction Scale and WHOQOL-BREF Scale was taken before and after the intervention and results were analyzed. Outcome measure: Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) was used for measuring the smartphone addiction and WHOQOL-BREF Scale was used to measure the quality of life of the participants. Result: The result showed that the comparison of pre to post intervention score of WHOQOL-BREF Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) in Group 1 was significant and the comparison of pre to post intervention score of WHOQOL-BREF Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) in Group 2 was also significant. Conclusion: The present study compares the effects of both yogic breathing exercises and mindfulness yoga on quality of life and it concludes that both these interventions are similarly effective in improving the quality of life in smartphone addicted middle-aged adults. There is no significant difference in improvement with respect to yogic breathing exercises and mindfulness yoga according to WHOQOL-BREF Scale. This study also suggest that the mindfulness yoga has shown more effect on reducing smartphone addiction as compared to yogic breathing exercises. Keywords: Yogic breathing exercises, Mindfulness yoga, Quality of life (QOL), Smartphone addicted middle-aged adults, WHOQOL-BREF Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS).

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Yogic breathing exercises, Mindfulness yoga, Quality of life (QOL), Smartphone addicted middle-aged adults, WHOQOL-BREF Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS).

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This study conducted at the Nirbhaya Rehabilitation Centre in Kollam, Kerala, explored the impact of sexual abuse on adolescent girls and assessed the efficacy of an 8-week comprehensive therapeutic intervention model integrating dance, art, music, and psychotherapy.The assessment tools utilized in this study encompassed a Socio Demographic Profile questionnaire, designed by the researcher and the guide, and the Beck Depression Scale using a mixed research design with 80 participants, the study revealed significantly higher depression levels before the intervention, but the structured program effectively alleviated these. Qualitative interviews with survivors highlighted enduring trauma across physical, emotional, psychological, and social dimensions. The findings underscore the potential benefits of a holistic therapeutic approach in reducing depression among sexually abused adolescent girls, offering insights for tailored interventions to enhance their well-being and resilience.

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Intervention, Depression, Sexually Abused Girls

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This study examines the variables affecting the price and volatility of gold while analysing the performance of the bullion market as a whole. The research investigates the relationship between gold prices and economic indicators, including currencies, equities, bonds, geopolitical events, central bank policies, and macroeconomic variables, using historical data and market trends. The goal of the study is to shed light on the strategic value of gold in investment portfolios and its function as a buffer against volatile economic conditions. The results will help financial analysts, legislators, and investors make well-informed decisions on gold investments and comprehend the larger ramifications for the bullion market. The paper emphasises the significance of gold in both personal investment plans and international financial systems through a thorough analysis.

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Bullion market, Gold prices, Market trends, Economic indicators, Price volatility

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Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and poems to highlight societal problems. These literary forms influence readers, prompting them to reflect on these issues. Literature plays a significant role in raising awareness and addressing societal problems. Dalit literature, in particular, has shed light on the trauma and suffering experienced by Dalits in their daily lives. Dalit women writers have notably articulated the struggles and hardships faced by Dalit women, striving for their emancipation by emphasizing the importance of education. Among these writers, Bama and Sivakami have distinguished themselves, creating a significant impact in the literary world. This article explores the challenging journeys of their female characters, who navigate their troubled lives with determination, courage, and resilience, ultimately overcoming numerous obstacles. The ways in which these brave Dalit women confront and address their challenges are remarkable. Their ability to find a place in a male-dominated society is commendable, as each character asserts her individuality and voices her dissent in a patriarchal world.

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Dalit Literature, Realisation, Emancipation, Male-dominated, Patriarchy.

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Background -Provision of respectful maternity care is in accordance with a human rights-based approach to reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. Respectful maternity care could improve mother's satisfaction of labor and childbirth and address health inequalities. The objectives of the study are to assess the level of respectful maternity care and satisfaction level among postnatal mothers of a selected hospital, West Bengal. Methods and Materials- A descriptive survey study was conducted in Postnatal ward of Contai SD Hospital, Contai, Nandigram Health District, Purba Medinipur. The data was collected from 100 postnatal mothers selected by purposive sampling technique with the help of semi structured questionnaire and Likert Scale. Data was entered and transported to SPSS for windows program version 20. Results- The result showed that the 24% postnatal mothers received high level of respectful maternity care 61% received moderate level of respectful maternity care and 15% mothers received low level of respectful maternity care. Among 100 postnatal mothers 15%were highly satisfied,74% moderately satisfied whereas only 11% were dissatisfied related to respectful maternity care. There were a moderate positive relationship (r=0.314) between the level of respectful maternity care and satisfaction level of postnatal mothers. But there was no significant association [?2df(1)=3.84, df (2)=5.99, P<0.05 ] between the level of respectful maternity care with selected background information as well as the satisfaction level with selected background information [?2 df(1)=3.84), df (2)=5.99 ), p <0.05]. Conclusion- The study showed that mothers' satisfaction depends on the Respectful Maternity Care. Awareness of the staff nurses regarding respectful maternity care and women's right can improve friendly, timely and abuse free care.

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Level of Respectful Maternity Care, Level of Satisfaction, Postnatal Mothers.

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The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a cornerstone of modern cryptographic systems, widely utilized to ensure data security in a variety of applications. This thesis explores the optimization of AES for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) implementations, focusing on techniques to improve performance, efficiency, and security. Key optimization strategies such as parallelism, pipelining, SubBytes optimization, and key schedule enhancements are examined in detail. Various hardware architectures, including bit-slice, byte-slice, pipelined, and round-based designs, are analyzed to understand their impact on performance metrics like throughput, latency, area utilization, and power consumption. A comprehensive security analysis evaluates the VLSI implementations' resistance against classical cryptographic attacks and sophisticated side-channel attacks. Countermeasures such as power consumption randomization, constant-time execution, and electromagnetic shielding are discussed to bolster the hardware's resilience. The thesis concludes with a discussion on future work, emphasizing the potential of emerging technologies like post-quantum cryptographic algorithms, advanced fabrication techniques, adaptive architectures, and the integration of machine learning for further enhancing the security and performance of AES hardware implementations. This research aims to contribute to the development of robust and efficient AES hardware, ensuring the continued protection of sensitive data in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.

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Gain Enhancement, Positive feedback, Differential amplifier, Op-amp.

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Young girls are our strongest upholders since they will bear our future generation. It is critical that adolescent girls have sufficient nutritional reserves for the future. Nutrition knowledge plays a crucial role in shaping dietary habits, especially among young adults. Promoting nutrition knowledge and healthy eating habits among college students contributes to their overall well-being and has long-term effects on mental and physical health. As adolescents navigate the challenges of life, yoga can provide them with tools to find balance, reduce stress, and enhance both body and mind connect This study aims to investigate the nutritional knowledge and practice of yoga among college going adolescent girls. Additionally, the study seeks to emphasize the need of nutrition education and regular yoga practice for the holistic growth of college going girls. For the purpose, sixty-two young girls were randomly selected for the study from Dayanand Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Kurukshetra and Hindu Girls College, Jagadhri. The girls were fully informed of the purpose and procedure of the investigation and provided consent at the outset. Questionnaire was developed to assess the young girl's demographic profile, nutritional knowledge and yoga practices approach in life with the help of google form. The results were analysed using arithmetic mean and standard deviation. After submission of the questionnaire their nutritional knowledge was assessed and analysed. It was concluded from the present study that the good number of the studied subjects were aware that whole grains, fruits and vegetable are good for health but didn't know the health implications of excess intake of sugar and fat in the body. The surprising element of the study was that almost all the subjects felt that skipping meals is good for health. The practice of skipping meals is widespread among adolescents. Meal skipping increases throughout adolescence period as they try to lose weight through calorie restriction. The current study showed that not many subjects are practicing yoga regularly so as to bring any favourable results. Furthermore, they are not practicing under any expert guidance to get better understanding of the principles of yoga as from health point of view the subjects must know the health implication of yoga and physical activity. As nutritious diet and yoga/ physical activity are two inseparable parameters of healthy life so they must be taken more seriously in guiding these young girls for future.

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Nutritional Knowledge, Yoga Practice, Adolescent, Young Girl

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This research investigates the inequality in health status and healthcare expenditure among elderly Syrian Christians in Kerala, India, focusing on various demographic and socioeconomic factors. Using the Gini coefficient, the study examines the distribution patterns of health indices and healthcare spending across different denominations, regions, living statuses, places of residence, and income groups. At the aggregate level, while the inequality in health status among the elderly is relatively low, significant disparities exist in healthcare expenditure, particularly in environmental, mental, and social health expenditures. Community-wise analysis reveals variations in expenditure distribution across different types of healthcare, suggesting the need for targeted interventions. Regionally, the Malabar area stands out with the lowest health status and highest inequality, emphasizing the necessity for enhanced healthcare programs in this region. Additionally, disparities in healthcare expenditure are pronounced in urban-rural divides, with rural elderly facing higher inequality and lower expenditure compared to their urban counterparts. Furthermore, income disparities contribute significantly to inequality in healthcare expenditure, with those below average income experiencing higher disparities. This underscores the urgency for increased healthcare spending targeting low-income elderly populations. Overall, this study highlights the nuanced inequalities in health status and healthcare expenditure among elderly Syrian Christians in Kerala, providing valuable insights for policymakers to formulate targeted interventions to improve healthcare accessibility and equity for this demographic.

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elderly, ageing, inequality, Gini coefficient

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The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the mouth ulcer gel containing extract petals of marigold (Tagetes erecta), clove and Psidiumguajava L to treat mouth ulcer. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is a vibrant flowering plant for treating mouth ulcer. Tagetes species belonging to family Asteraceae are the most common plant kingdom which is used in different areas like cosmetic preparation, medicine. Quercetin a flavonoid found in marigold exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It may help reduce inflammation and promote healing in mouth ulcer. Clove oil containing eugenol , a compound with powerful antimicrobial effects . Applying clove oil to mouth ulcer may help to fight bacteria and prevent infection, promoting faster health.

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Antiulcer Gel, marigold, clove, aloevera

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