Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram have become integral to youth communication, self-expression, and identity formation in the contemporary digital landscape. While these platforms offer avenues for creativity, networking, and information dissemination, they also foster validation-seeking behaviours driven by likes, shares, comments, and followers. This study, focusing on Facebook and Instagram usage patterns, explores the relationship between social media literacy and validation-seeking behaviour among youth. Social media literacy is increasingly recognised as a critical subdomain within the broader media literacy framework, encompassing the specific skills and competencies required to critically navigate, evaluate, and engage with content across social networking platforms. How young individuals perceive and interact with online content, peer feedback, and algorithmic visibility is crucial. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey data and qualitative insights, the study investigates how varying levels of media literacy influence validation-seeking tendencies and emotional dependencies on social approval via social platforms. The research aims to provide empirical evidence to support interventions that foster healthier digital practices among youth.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Media Literacy, Validation-Seeking Behaviour, Youth, Facebook, Instagram, Digital Literacy, Online Identity, Social Media Engagement, Digital Well-being

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Plant fungal diseases significantly impact the yield and quality of oilseed crops in India, with Alternaria blight and related pathogens causing up to 70% yield losses. Chemical fungicides, though effective, are beset with issues such as resistance development, environmental persistence, and food safety concerns. In response, research has focused on the bio-fungicidal properties of locally available plant extracts--particularly garlic (Allium sativum), neem (Azadirachta indica), ginger (Zingiber officinale), NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract), and Alstonia scholaris--aimed at sustainable disease management. This paper investigates their efficacy against fungal pathogens in Indian mustard and related oilseeds through in vitro and in vivo experiments, comparing findings to standard fungicides and biocontrol agents. The results indicate that garlic and neem extracts, especially when applied as combined seed and foliar treatments, offer disease suppression and yield improvements comparable to synthetic fungicides, presenting a viable option for integrated pest management.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Biofungicides, plant extracts, fungal diseases, oilseed crops, disease management.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Entrepreneurship can help in economic development, enhance innovation and foster creativity which will increase nation's GDP and create employment. In India with a large number of unemployed, creating entrepreneurial eco-system will help in employment generation and reduce income inequalities. Objectives: Author tries to explore role of business incubation centres (BICs) in fostering entrepreneurship and nurturing early-stage startups. Author also investigates role of incubators (such as mentorship, infrastructure, funding, and training) in creating entrepreneurial mindset, startup creating motivations, and innovation skills in learners. Methodology: The study is qualitative in nature reviewing journal articles on the topic in question. The author critically analyse each empirical paper to find out trends and themes. Mostly, secondary data is used only one or two sources are primary in nature. Secondary data was used in analysing startup ecosystem, government policies, and funding mechanisms of incubators. Discussion: The findings of the study is divided into five core themes: Role of Government, Incubators nurturing Startups, University-based Incubators, Atal Incubation Mission (AIM), Performance & Scope of Incubators. The themes are based on findings from empirical papers.. Significance: The Indian government has a mind set to promote startups through initiatives like Startup India, the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), and the creation of Atal Incubation Centres (AICs). This study is significant in pointing out the role of incubators in producing next generation entrepreneurs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Atal Innovation Mission, Atal Incubation Centre, Entrepreneurship, Business Incubators, Ecosystem, Start-ups, University

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Interventional Radiology (IR) has rapidly evolved into a critical subspecialty that performs minimally invasive procedures using image guidance. Radiologic technologists (RTs), or radiographers, play an essential role in the IR suite, and the complexity of procedures demands advanced technical, clinical, and communication skills. This article explores the core competencies and training requirements for technologists in IR, emphasizing the need for standardized education, continuing professional development (CPD), and cross-disciplinary collaboration.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1. Radiology 2. Interventional Radiology 3. Patient 4. Technologist 5. Patient care 6. Skill

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The liberalization of financial markets during the 1990s facilitated the inflow of Foreign Institutional Investments (FIIs) into emerging economies, including India. This study examines the influence of institutional investors--specifically FIIs and Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs)--on the Indian stock market. With India emerging as one of the most attractive destinations for portfolio investments, understanding the investment behaviour of FIIs and DIIs becomes critical for analyzing market movements and volatility. The study is analytical in nature and based on secondary data collected over 55 months, from January 1, 2020, to July 31, 2024. It investigates whether the investments or withdrawals by FIIs and DIIs significantly impact the BSE Sensex, both on the same and succeeding days. Using statistical tools such as correlation and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis (via E Views software), the study evaluates the causal relationship and market responsiveness to institutional investor activities. The findings aim to enhance understanding of market dynamics and provide insights for investors, researchers, and policymakers.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs), Indian Stock Market, BSE Sensex

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

RATHORE SASHKO KI PRAMBHIK RAJDHANI OR UNKI SAMSIYAY

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

RATHORE SASHKO KI PRAMBHIK RAJDHANI OR UNKI SAMSIYAY

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Chhattiisagadh Raajya Ki Vibhin Yojanaon Ke Madhyam Se Mahilaa Sashaktikaraṇ Ka Adhayan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chhattiisagadh Raajya Ki Vibhin Yojanaon Ke Madhyam Se Mahilaa Sashaktikaraṇ Ka Adhayan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The article highlights the creative process and the main stages of professional activity of a hairdresser-stylist in the context of individual modeling of modern hairstyles. The role of the creative approach in the formation of new forms and silhouettes, which are important components of creating a holistic artistic image, is considered. The mechanisms of combining individual features of the client's appearance with current fashion trends are analyzed. The importance of a harmonious combination of the idea, form, style and technical execution of the hairstyle is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to defining the essence of new fashion and the general idea that influences the creative decisions of a hairdresser-stylist. The materials of the article may be useful for professionals in the beauty industry, teachers and students of specialized educational institutions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

style, hairstyle, modeling, hairdresser-stylist, fashion, functionality, creative process, artistic image.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Globalization has emerged as a transformative force in the contemporary economic landscape, profoundly influencing the nature and scope of commerce and trade across international borders. By enabling the free flow of goods, services, information, technology, and capital, globalization has facilitated the integration of national economies into a cohesive global market. This interconnectedness has opened up vast opportunities for business expansion, market diversification, cost optimization, and technological innovation. Through increased access to global markets, businesses--particularly in developing economies--are now positioned to enhance productivity, attract foreign investment, and compete on an international scale. This article presents a comprehensive examination of the opportunities and challenges posed by globalization in the domain of commerce. By analyzing both the positive and negative ramifications, the study provides actionable insights into how businesses, policymakers, and global stakeholders can strategically respond to globalization's impacts. Key recommendations include fostering inclusive growth, enhancing regulatory frameworks, promoting ethical trade practices, and building resilient commercial infrastructures. The article aims to contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable globalization and its implications for international commerce, economic development, and global business strategy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Globalization, International commerce, Global trade, Economic integration, Market diversification, Technological innovation, foreign investment, Supply chain disruptions, Environmental sustainability, Sustainable globalization, Economic development, Global business strategy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Crop diseases significantly reduce farming efficiency, resulting in major financial harm and challenges to food supply stability.[1],[2] Conventional methods for perceiving diseases typically demand significant time and rely on expert data. Recent progress in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has made it possible to detect plant diseases automatically with high precision.[3] To achieve better accuracy in plant disease classification, this work proposes a model that fuses Random Forest (RF) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The CNN extracts deep features from plant leaf images, while RF enhances classification robustness. The model is evaluated on a publicly available dataset, achieving an accuracy of 93.31%, outperforming standalone CNN and RF models. The study highlights the potential of hybrid algorithms in precision agriculture.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Plant disease detection, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Random Forest (RF), Hybrid model, Deep learning, Machine learning.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition