Volume 8 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

India is a fast-growing economy with a high urbanization rate. Waste management is becoming more evident in urban development. The government and the NGOs are concerned about the rising levels of waste generation happening with the development. The cities are feeling the pressure of the waste generated which is not managed properly and is often left unattended at various places in the city. There is high pressure on the ULB�s to manage the city�s waste. The ULBs, with its limited resources; manages to collect waste form some parts of the city i.e. dump sites, residential colonies, door to door collection, etc. and dumps it into a landfill as the final solution. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has reported that during the last decade Municipal Solid waste (MSW) has increased by 2.44 times. When one landfill site becomes a heap of waste and has engulfed the whole patch of valuable land, a new site is then found to start the whole process again while no plan to manage the waste being generated. Rag pickers are the most important and integral part of the waste management in the cities, they are involved in the sector to earn their livelihood but in turn, are benefiting the environment by recycling the waste collected. The rag pickers are forced to live in poor housing conditions near waste yards or shanty slums because of the nature of their business. To assess the socio-economic condition of the rag pickers sample survey was conducted and data was analyzed to establish a relation between the housing conditions and its dependence on socio-economic factors.

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 Keywords

Rag pickers, waste, waste segregation, housing, waste collection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The complete area coverage problem in Wireless sensor networks where every point inside an area is covered by an active sensor has been extensively studied. Complete coverage is not required for many applications. For that an effective method to save energy and prolong network lifetime is to partially cover the area. Partially coverage of the existing algorithms has very high time complexities, due to the hardness in order to verify the ratio of the covered area over the entire monitored area and they do not use a variety of exiting methods for the coverage problem completely. This framework can convert almost any existing algorithm for complete coverage to a one partial coverage with any coverage ratio. This framework can preserve the characteristics of the original algorithms and the conversion process has low time complexity. It also guarantees some degree of regular partial coverage of the monitored area.

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 Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Ad-hoc Networks, Coverage Problem, Filtering Techniques.

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There can be no dispute that the RTI Act, 2005 is enacted with the avowed objective of conferring a statutory right on the citizens in India to have access to Government-controlled information or to seek information from Central Government/State Governments, local bodies and other competent authorities as a matter of right. The idea is that it would prove to be instrumental in bringing in transparency and accountability in Government and Public Institutions which would help in bringing the growth of corruption in check. The scope of the RTI Act is wide enough to cover all the Constitutional Institutions and subject to exemptions, universally applies to all Public Authorities. Indiscriminate and impractical demands or directions under RTI Act for disclosure of all and sundry information (unrelated to transparency and accountability in the functioning of public authorities and eradication of corruption) would be counter-productive as it will adversely affect the efficiency of the administration and result in the executive getting bogged down with the non-productive work of collecting and furnishing information. The Act should not be allowed to be misused or abused, to become a tool to obstruct the national development and integration or to destroy the peace, tranquility and harmony among its citizens. Nor should it be converted into a tool of oppression or intimidation of honest officials striving to do their duty. The nation does not want a scenario where 75% of the staff of public authorities spends 75% of their time in collecting and furnishing information to applicants instead of discharging their regular duties. The threat of penalties under the RTI Act and the pressure of the authorities under the RTI Act should not lead to employees of a public authorities prioritizing 'information furnishing', at the cost of their normal and regular duties. Right to information is a basic and celebrated fundamental/basic right but is not uncontrolled. It has its limitations. The right is subject to a dual check. Firstly, this right is subject to the restrictions inbuilt within the Act and secondly the constitutional limitations emerging from Article 21 of the Constitution. Thus, wherever in response to an application for disclosure of information the public authority takes shelter under the provisions relating to exemption, non-applicability or infringement of Article 21 of the Constitution the Information Commission has to apply its mind and form an opinion objectively if the exemption claimed for was sustainable on facts of the case.

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RTI, Disclosure, transparency, misuse etc

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This article examines the comparative analysis of some manuscripts of "Temurnoma" dedicated to the great commander Sahibkiran Amir Temur. Copies of literary manuscripts about Amir Temur, as well as the history and reasons for the creation of "Temurnoma" are considered. We can see that the transformation of the image of Amir Temur into written sources began with historical works of Sahibkiran in his time, and with literary works in later periods. Finding these books and delivering them to the general public through textual research is one of the most pressing issues facing our textology. This article comparatively studies the manuscripts and lithographs of the "Temurnoma" dedicated to Amir Temur, and discusses their similarities and differences.

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 Keywords

Amir Temur phenomenon, scientific description, rare copy, Nasta'liq, Uzbek prose, lithography, Mirzo Rumuz, Qissai Amir Temur, historical chronicles

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Background: The prevalence of the asthma in childhood is very much in Indian population and is second common cause of chronic illness associated with high morbidity. Word Asthma was used first time in Homer�s lliad with meaning of short drawn breath but this medical term is first found in corpus Hippocraticum. The Disease Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of small airways resulting in episodic airflow limitation. Status asthamaticus is very dreadful condition causing extreme airflow limitation. Aim and objectives: In this study we aimed to study the factors associated with bronchial asthma from history recovered regarding various factors in OPD patients who presented with symptoms. Methods: Children aged between 0 to 14 years presenting to pediatric OPD with the symptoms who has been previously treated for asthma or who have more than three episodes of airflow limitation/wheeze were studied. The study was conducted over 2 years from May 2018 to May 2020. Results: In our study 80 patients were included from age between 0-14 years and were studied for different variables. In our study 58.7% cases were males and 47.3% were females. Maximum cases (53.7%) were between 5-9 years old followed by 25% in age group 0-4 years and then 21.3% cases in age group 11-14 years. 77.5% cases reported audible wheeze, 88.75% cases reported subcostal indrawing and silent chest and cyanosis was reported in 10% and 2.5% cases respectively. Altered sensorium was present in 5% cases. Cough was the prominent complaint for presenting in OPD in 90% cases, followed by breathlessness in 80% cases, fever (41%), and Nocturnal Cough in 58.7% cases. Feeding difficulty was present in 17.5%. In our study 33.7% were low birth weight babies at birth and 66.25% were appropriate for their gestational age. H/o atopy was present in 46.25% cases in the study and history of allergy from dust mite was reported by 66.25% cases. About 29% sibling had similar history of asthma/wheeze. Seasonal variations were seen in 85% cases and about 31% cases reported exacerbations which required Hospitalisation. Conclusion: In our study of clinical profile of asthma, 47(58.7%) out of 80 asthmatic patients were male showing male predominance of asthma. In our study most common age group of presentation of asthma was between 5 to 9 years in 53.7% cases. Most common risk factor for asthma was found to be allergy from dust mite and 90% cases presented with cough and 80% cases of asthmatic patients were presented with breathlessness as most common symptoms.

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Asthma, atopy, breathlessness, cough

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This document proposes a strong and adjustable voltage management of the three-phase voltage electrical converter. First, the standing model of the load aspect of the electrical converter is established, that takes into consideration the uncertainties of the system parameters. The projected adaptational voltage management technique combines associate adaptational management and a state feedback management term. the previous compensates for the uncertainties of the system, whereas the second forces the dynamics of the error to converge to zero. moreover, the projected algorithmic rule is straightforward to implement, however is incredibly strong, because of the uncertainties of the system and sudden load disturbances. during this document, the analysis is additionally performed to indicate the lustiness of the closed-loop system system. undefinable load and non-linear load. The simulation and experimental results area unit conferred below the belief of the corresponding non-adaptive transformer.

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Adaptive management, distributed generation (DG) system (DGS), load current observer, complete, three-phase electrical converter, voltage management.

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Aim: A common cause of nasal obstruction in children is adenoid hypertrophy. It is an indication for surgical management of nasal obstruction along with deviated nasal septum and antro choanal polyp in children due to effect on growth of children due to these conditions. If the symptoms are severe due to adenoid hypertrophy usually adenoidectomy is recommended in most of cases, however cleft palate, bleeding disorders and anaemia being contraindications of surgery, parents also get frightened when they are advised about surgery, we in our study tried to see effectiveness of nasal steroid spray and Oxymetazoline combination in adenoid hypertrophy. The safety of use of nasal steroid spray for longer duration has been studied and proved by various studies. The aim of the current study is to determine the effectiveness of mometasone nasal spray with Oxymetazoline nasal spray in treatment of children with adenoid hypertrophy presenting as nasal obstruction and mouth breathing. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of Health and family welfare Civil Hospital Jwalamukhi Himachal Pradesh by combined efforts of ENT and Paediatrics doctors on 25 children who met the inclusion criteria over a period of 9 months. They were diagnosed on the basis of history taken from parents, examination done by physician and X-ray nasopharynx. Before starting of treatment a pre-treatment scoring was accessed. All children were given mometasone furoate nasal spray (for 3 months) and Oxymetazoline nasal drops (for 14 days) therapy and then children were evaluated every monthly for next 3 months and scoring on the basis of symptoms was done on every visit. X ray nasopharynx were repeated after three months of treatment. Results: During the 3 months follow up after starting the treatment, a significant improvement in symptom of nasal obstruction was seen in 64% patients and 60% patients showed improvement in snoring after one month treatment, which increased to 85.6% and 83% respectively after completion of 3 months treatment. X ray nasopharynx taken after 3 months of treatment showed reduction in grading of adenoids in 82% of total patients. 2 patients did not showed good improvement after treatment and they were referred to higher centre for adenoidectomy. Although longer follow up is required for exact results but our study established that a long term Mometasone Furoate nasal spray use could be an alternative to adenoidectomy in children whose parents are not willing for surgery or the children who have contraindication for surgery. Conclusions: In patients where adenoidectomy is contraindicated and parents who are not willing for surgery, long term mometasone furoate nasal spray with short term Oxymetazoline nasal drops treatment has good outcome as a treatment option for nasal obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy.

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 Keywords

Adenoid hypertrophy, Adenoidectomy, Mometasone furoate nasal spray, Nasal obstruction, Oxymetazoline nasal spray

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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We are running into many modern paradigms in development in today's field of digital technologies. IoT is perhaps the most frequently spoken about in the sector. The Internet of Things influences our lifestyle and is becoming technology which is growing fastest. IoT offers real time entity connectivity and also allows to maintain track of these artifacts. In IoT devices they are smartly linked so they can exchange info, resources with other machines. IoT uses different types of sensors embedded in different data emitting devices. These sensors use common IoT platform to share data. These platforms collect data from a variety of sources and then perform further analytics on data and finally extract essential information to share the result. The research article covers the definition of IoT, characteristics of IoT, IoT architecture and its working in stages and their applications. The key aim of this paper is to provide an description of the development and usage of the Internet of Things ( IoT), its characteristics and applications as well.

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Internet of Things, Sensors, Gateways

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The main aim of this paper is to analyse consumer perception and behaviour towards selection of OTC medicines. This research is based on secondary data collection. The study of consumer behaviour is very important field of study. In many countries regulatory agency selects a drug to ensure that OTC drugs contain ingredients that are safe and effective. Instead of final product OTC drugs are regulated according to active pharamceutical ingredient (API). This study suggests that age, gender, income, education, price and brand trust are important determinants to buy OTC medicines. The study mainly focuses on demographic, behavioural, psychographic and geographic factors, how they affect consumer buying behaviour towards OTC.

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Brand Trust, Consumer Behaviour, Over The Counter, Perception.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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External facade, Building envelope, Life Cycle Cost, Commercial office, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition