Volume 12 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The rapid adoption of multi-level inverters in electric drives and renewable energy systems underscores their pivotal role in modern power electronics. These inverters offer significant advantages over traditional two-level inverters, including reduced dv/dt stress, lower total harmonic distortion (THD), and diminished common mode current. However, prevalent multi-level inverter topologies, such as neutral point clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying capacitor inverters, present challenges that impede optimal performance. This paper introduces a novel three-phase two-level inverter topology aimed at addressing common mode voltage and current issues inherent in existing designs. The proposed topology integrates two cascaded converters and leverages device junction capacitance (DJC) to implement a neutral point clamping methodology, thereby enhancing the inverter's operational stability and efficiency. A comprehensive analysis using the switching function concept reveals the impact of DJC on the inverter's performance. The study further explores a sophisticated PWM control scheme designed to optimize the modulation process and minimize common mode voltage variations. Simulation results, conducted using MATLAB, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed topology over conventional and H7 two-level inverters. Key performance metrics such as pole voltage, phase voltage, common mode voltage, and total harmonic distortion (THD) are evaluated, showcasing significant improvements. The proposed inverter achieves a THD reduction to 61.41%, compared to 91.81% and 88.01% for conventional and H7 inverters, respectively. This research not only advances the field of power electronics but also provides practical insights for engineers and researchers. By addressing critical issues in multi-level inverter design, the proposed topology paves the way for more efficient and reliable power conversion systems, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency and sustainability in contemporary applications.

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 Keywords

Multi-level inverters, three-phase inverters, common mode voltage, device junction capacitance (DJC), pulse width modulation (PWM), total harmonic distortion (THD), neutral point clamping

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In essence, the voluntary carbon market relies on independent certification bodies and their standards to ensure the credibility of carbon credits, leading to fragmentation due to the presence of multiple entities. This fragmentation, coupled with varying perceptions of credit quality, influences the demand and pricing dynamics within the market. These two types of markets function differently and have distinct objectives. The key difference lies in what is being bought and sold. Both markets deal with a tonne of CO2, but in an Emissions Trading System (ETS), companies trade pollution permits (often referred to as "allowances") that permit them to emit one tonne of CO2. When a company emits 1tCO2, it must surrender one permit to the regulator. In contrast, an offsetting mechanism involves the trade of offsets, or emission reduction units, which represent a tonne of CO2 that has already been reduced. Offsets can only lead to a zero-sum game, because one tonne of CO2 is emitted somewhere, and one tonne is reduced somewhere else. Hence, they cannot be used to reduce emissions in the long term and are not compatible with the idea of going towards net-zero emissions at a global level. Offsets should only be used to compensate for emissions that cannot be avoided or reduced . The paper looks into all these aspects.

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Evaluation and analysis of Carbon Markets in India

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Bhartiya Swdeshi Aandolan Avm Bng Bhang Andolan Me Gandhi Yugin Mhilao Ki Bhumika : Ak Adhyayan

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Bhartiya Swdeshi Aandolan Avm Bng Bhang Andolan Me Gandhi Yugin Mhilao Ki Bhumika : Ak Adhyayan

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The study investigates customer satisfaction with State Bank of India's (SBI) bancassurance services in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The research uses a mixed-method approach, including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, to understand customer perceptions and preferences. The findings will help SBI tailor its offerings to better meet client needs, fostering stronger customer relationships and sustainable business growth. The study aims to contribute to academic research and practical insights for financial institutions in Coimbatore.

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 Keywords

Bancassurance, Investment behaviour, Insurance policies , Investment preferences.

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 Abstract

Jagannathadisaa kavipratibhaavimarsanam

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Jagannathadisaa kavipratibhaavimarsanam

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India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing major economies globally, driven by strategic reforms and robust policy initiatives. This research article explores the pivotal roles of trade, infrastructure, and finance in propelling India's economic growth. Trade liberalization and diversification have significantly boosted export performance, integrating India more deeply into the global economy. Concurrently, ambitious infrastructure projects like the Bharatmala Pariyojana and the Smart Cities Mission are transforming transportation and urban living standards, enhancing connectivity and productivity. Financial sector reforms, including banking stability measures, financial inclusion initiatives, and the promotion of digital payments, have fortified the economic framework, ensuring resilience and broad-based growth. The synergy between these sectors has created a conducive environment for sustained economic development. However, challenges such as infrastructure deficits, regulatory complexities, and skill gaps remain and need to be addressed to maintain growth momentum. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of how these three critical areas collectively contribute to India's rapid economic ascent and discusses future prospects and strategies for continued progress.

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Economic Growth, Trade, Infrastructure, Financial Reforms

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 Abstract

The street venders are one of the constituent pillars of the giant unorganized workforce. They will be situated the self-employed grouping conducive a important share to the cheap of respectively country. The street venders across the globe face many problems in the daily chores of their vending activities. The street venders are the visible workforce found everywhere selling goods and commodities at a cheaper price in the convenient locations to reach out to the consumers. Despite legal protection, issues against the street venders are reported in media. The present study is conducted to examine the socio-economic status, working conditions and problems of street garment venders in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The study is conducted at Chittoor district. Four fifty samples were drawn from the universe under simple random sampling method. The street garment venders in their everyday selling activities chance meeting in several problems. The street garment venders primarily have its place to the relegated uneducated groups. They frequently drift to the cities and municipalities due to scarcity and disappointment to get potential employment in the neighborhood. Once they migrate the issues of accommodation and adjustment creep in. They living in low-priced households with limited amenities around the selling zones. In approximately other cases, they be inherent in remote from the town restrictions and be contingent on the public transport organization. Being new to the migrated area the street venders are to adjust with local goondas and unlawful elements who exhort money from them. It is very hard for them to get loans from the Banks due to the procedure involved. Many street venders borrow money from money lenders and return the principal amount on a daily sales basis paying high interest rates. Afterward a long scuffle the "Street garment Venders social security measures are not provided to them. Transportation and storage are a big issue for street venders. Given that India is consistently perceived as a male-dominated culture, this is not surprising in the Indian context .One way ANOVA was applied to find whether there is significant difference among the Equal status of daily street venders in the society. The ANOVA result shows that the calculated F-value ratio is 60.352 which is higher than the table value at 1% level of significance. Since the calculated value is higher than for the table value it is inferred that there is significant difference among the equal status of vendor between different revenue divisions

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MAJOR PROBLEMS OF THE STREET GARMENT VENDERS IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

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Image forensic in one of the most important applications of Image processing using watermarking. Protection of images against tampering is considered as important applications in Image forensics. In the last few years, researchers have developed many techniques for detecting watermarks that containing check bits and reference bits. State of art techniques are used for detecting watermarks containing check bits and reference bits. Recovering the lost reference bits still hold as problem. This paper is aimed at showing the location of tampering region; image tampering can be identified and considered as erasure error. Therefore, a proper design of channel code has to be designed to protect the reference bits against tampering. In the present proposed approach, the watermark bit-budget is categorized into three groups: a) source encoder output bits; b) channel code parity bits; and c) check bits. In watermark embedding phase, initially, the original input image is source coded and the produced output bit stream is protected with the help of channel encoder. For image reconstruction and recovery, tampered locations are identified with the help of check bits to help channel decoder in order to recover the original source encoded input image. The watermarked image quality gain is achieved through spending less bit-budget on watermark, while image recovery quality is enhanced as a consequence of consistent performance of designed source and channel codes.

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Watermarking, Tampering, Self-recovery of digital images, check bits, SPIHT algorithm, RS codes, Fragile watermarking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Brain tumour segmentation is a widely explored area of research within both medical and engineering domains, particularly focusing on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as the primary modality for detection. Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems play a pivotal role in automating the detection and classification of brain tumours from MRI images. A crucial component of CADx systems is the segmentation module, responsible for precisely delineating tumour regions. Accurate segmentation, with sub-pixel precision, is essential for determining tumor size, and location, and facilitating image-guided surgical procedures. In recent years, numerous methods have emerged for segmenting brain tumours from MRI images. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art segmentation methods, along with an overview of datasets commonly used for method development and the evaluation metrics employed. By offering a consolidated overview, this study serves as a valuable resource for novice researchers entering this field and provides updated information for researchers already engaged in brain tumour segmentation research.

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Brain tumour detection, Medical Image Analysis, Image segmentation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Deep learning, Convolutional Neural Networks

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ABSTRACT This study investigates the perceptions and barriers faced by users in adopting self-driven rent-a-bike services. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered through a combination of surveys and in-depth interviews with both current users and potential adopters. The analysis reveals that environmental benefits and economic savings are primary motivators driving interest in self-driven rent-a-bikes. However, significant barriers impede widespread adoption. Key concerns include safety issues related to bike quality and traffic conditions, limited availability of bikes during peak times, and challenges in navigating the rental process. Furthermore, inadequate infrastructure, such as insufficient bike lanes and docking stations, exacerbates these barriers. Lack of awareness and familiarity with the rental systems also deters potential users. To enhance user experience and boost adoption rates, the study recommends implementing comprehensive safety measures, expanding and strategically locating docking stations, and improving the user interface of rental applications. Additionally, targeted marketing campaigns and educational programs could raise awareness and build user confidence. This research provides critical insights for policymakers, service providers, and urban planners aiming to promote sustainable urban transportation solutions and increase the adoption of self-driven rent-a-bikes.

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 Keywords

perception, self-driven rent, environmental benefit.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition