Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This abstract summarizes a digital notice board system using a mobile application for easy dissemination of information, replacing traditional paper-based notice boards. It highlights the ability to send and display notices from anywhere, with features like text, images, and other media, all controlled through an Android application. The system also incorporates voice recognition and email notification features.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Notice Board, Mobile App, Digital Notice Board, Communication, Announcements, Notifications, Information Dissemination, Remote Access, Content Management, Scheduling, Multimedia, Smart Campus, Internet of Things (IoT).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have become pivotal agents of financial inclusion and socio-economic empowerment in India, particularly within rural and underserved regions. Originating from the Self-Help Group movement in the early 1990s, MFIs have evolved into key facilitators of access to credit, savings, and insurance for marginalized communities. Their expansion has been supported by institutional innovations, regulatory frameworks, and government-backed schemes such as MUDRA and CGTMSE, with over INR4.33 lakh crore in outstanding loan portfolios and more than 30 million active borrowers as of 2024. This study explores the financial sustainability of Indian MFIs defined as their ability to cover operational and financial costs without external subsidies. The paper analyses how MFIs achieve sustainability through diversified funding sources (e.g., equity, debt, securitization), efficient digital operations, robust risk management, and client-centric approaches. Challenges to sustainability include regulatory constraints, operational inefficiencies, financial volatility, and stakeholder resistance. Furthermore, external factors like economic downturns and technological disruption compound these risks. The study also highlights the transformative socio-economic impact of MFIs: enhancing rural household income, promoting women entrepreneurship, reducing reliance on informal credit, and fostering micro-enterprise development. Using empirical data from institutions like SIDBI and RBI, it underscores the importance of financial sustainability in enabling MFIs to maintain long-term service delivery and developmental impact. The research concludes by proposing strategic measures such as capacity building, diversified funding, policy engagement, and technology integration to strengthen financial resilience. By doing so, MFIs can continue to advance inclusive economic growth while staying true to their social mission. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable microfinance as a cornerstone of rural development and poverty alleviation in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial Sustainability, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth, Rural Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan, or the Self-Reliant India Campaign, is a vision for a new and empowered India as articulated by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. In support of this initiative, the central government announced a special economic and comprehensive package worth INR20 lakh crore, which is approximately 10% of India's GDP. The core objective of this campaign is to make India and its citizens self-sufficient and resilient in all aspects.To realize this vision, the government has introduced several bold reforms, including agricultural supply chain improvements, a rationalized tax structure, simplified and transparent legal frameworks, development of skilled human resources, and a robust financial system. The Prime Minister's call to be "vocal for local" has provided a significant boost to domestic industries. The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector plays a vital role in driving India's GDP. Characterized by the strong presence of multinational corporations, intense competition between organized and unorganized players, an extensive distribution network, and low operating costs, the FMCG sector holds considerable potential to support the goals of the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. This paper explores how the Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission has acted as a catalyst in strengthening the domestic FMCG ecosystem--driving employment, fostering innovation, and positioning India as a key player in the global consumer goods market.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FMCG, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Self-reliant India, Local Manufacturing, Supply Chain Transformation, Rural Market Penetration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of CS Aluminium over a specified period, with a focus on assessing the company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and operational efficiency. By analyzing key financial ratios and indicators derived from the company's income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, the research provides insights into the overall financial health and sustainability of the business.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Financial Performance, CS, Ratio Analysis, Profitability, Liquidity, Solvency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Autonomous vehicles rely heavily on object detection systems to navigate safely, but their performance significantly degrades under low light conditions. This project explores a novel approach that combines federated learning with advanced image enhancement techniques to improve object detection in such challenging environments. By leveraging decentralized learning across multiple vehicles, the system preserves data privacy while continuously refining detection models with diverse, real-world low-light data [3][11][13]. The proposed framework enhances detection accuracy and robustness without requiring centralized data collection, thereby advancing the safety and reliability of autonomous driving at night or in poorly lit areas. This project explores the integration of Federated Learning for object detection in autonomous vehicles operating under low-light conditions. By leveraging decentralized data from multiple vehicles, the system enhances object detection accuracy without compromising data privacy. The proposed framework adapts advanced deep learning models to handle illumination challenges, improving vehicle perception and safety in night-time or poorly lit environments. The study demonstrates how FL can empower autonomous systems with robust, collaborative learning while preserving data confidentiality across diverse driving scenarios.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Federated Learning, Autonomous Vehicles, Object Detection, Low-Light Conditions, Deep Learning, Privacy-Preserving AI, Decentralized Training, Edge Computing, YOLOv5, Sensor Fusion, Differential Privacy, Secure Aggregation, Model Optimization, Vehicle Perception, Collaborative Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research focuses on the development of a bilayer interlock knitted fabric explicitly designed for sportswear applications using a combination of modal and polyester yarns. Two different structures are used in the study to explore the influence of fabric structure on key performance characteristics, such as moisture management and UV resistance. The bilayer fabric was produced using circular knitting technology and evaluated using standard textile testing protocols. The fabric has been dyed using dark colours which imparted UV protection properties and moisture management properties has also been imparted in the dyeing process, making the fabric suitable for activewear in varying environmental conditions. Further analysis revealed the specific arrangement of yarn within Structure 1 has better moisture management and UV protection properties when compared to structure 2.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bilayer interlock knitted fabric, modal, polyester, moisture management, UV protection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Modern farming is undergoing a major transformation thanks to technology. This paper presents a practical approach to precision agriculture by combining multi-spectral cameras with machine learning. The system is designed to monitor crop health, detect issues like diseases or stress early, and help farmers make smarter decisions. By capturing light beyond what the human eye can see, multi-spectral imaging reveals subtle plant changes. Machine learning then turns this data into meaningful insights. We tested our system in real-world farming conditions, and the results show it can improve yields and reduce resource use, supporting more sustainable farming practices.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crop Yield Prediction, Machine Learning, Soil Nutrients, Rainfall, Agriculture, Data Science, Predictive Modelling, Sustainability, Food Security

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study focuses on formulating and polyherbal immunostimulant jellies made from Amla (Emblica officinalis), Ginseng (Panax ginseng), and Moringa (Moringa officinalis), which collectively demonstrate significant immunostimulant properties. Ginseng, a traditional herb from Asia, has an extensive research background, showcasing its diverse roles in health, including immune support and potential benefits for cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. Amla, a time-honored remedy, is packed with antioxidants like vitamin C, gallic acid, and flavonoids, along with other beneficial compounds. Moringa, often called the "miracle tree," is rich in essential nutrients. This study also examines the use of agar-agar as a gelling agent in various concentrations to optimize the jelly's texture and stability. The findings highlight the potential of polyherbal jellies as a convenient and effective immunomodulatory option, presenting a promising alternative to traditional medicines. polyherbal, Immunostimulant, food agar-agar, jellies, Traditional plants

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

polyherbal, Immunostimulant, food agar-agar, jellies, Traditional plants

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract The India-Pakistan rivalry, based on the territorial competition for Kashmir, is one of the longest and mainly insecure rivalry since the partition of British India in 1947. Both nations have fought several wars and crises over the decades, with the 1998 nuclear tests being a turning point in the strategic context of South Asia. This article discusses the development of the conflict with an emphasis on how nuclear deterrence has influenced regional stability. It deconstructs significant clashes such as the wars of 1947, 1965, and 1971, the 1999 Kargil war, and post-nuclear crises such as the 2001-2002 crisis, the 2008 Mumbai attacks, and the 2019 Balakot airstrikes. The research examines India's No First Use policy against Pakistan's more pragmatic posture in the use of nuclear weapons and the effect these postures have on deterrence. The research also examines the stability-instability paradox in which the possession of nuclear weapons deters major war but facilitates limited-duration war through the use of proxy fighters and cross-border terrorism. New challenges in the form of tactical nuclear weapons, missile technology, and cyber warfare are analyzed for their effect on escalation during crises. The article also addresses the influence of international actors, especially China and the United States, in regulating tensions at the regional level and shaping strategic action. The main thesis is that nuclear deterrence has prevented war at the conventional level but has not created long-term strategic stability. Rather, it has produced a fragile and precarious equilibrium. The report ends with policy suggestions to enhance transparency, crisis management, and pursue sustained bilateral dialogue in an attempt to bring long-term peace and stability to South Asia.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

India-Pakistan rivalry, Kashmir conflict, Nuclear deterrence, South Asia strategic stability, No First Use policy, Tactical nuclear weapons, Stability-instability paradox, Proxy warfare, Cross-border terrorism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The study investigates the impact of STEM-based instructional strategies, with a particular focus on hands-on learning, on the academic achievement of upper middle school science students. Applying a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design, the research involved Class 7 science students studying the topic "Acids and Bases." The same group of students was assessed before and after incorporating STEM-based instruction that emphasized hands-on activities, real-world problem solving, and interdisciplinary integration. The hands-on component involved active experimentation and collaborative tasks that encouraged students to directly interact with scientific concepts. Results reveals significant improvements in academic performance following the STEM intervention, reflecting enhanced conceptual understanding as well as improved application and problem-solving skills. These findings bring out the crucial role of hands-on learning within STEM education and support its amalgamation into standard middle school science curricula to promote deeper and more meaningful learning outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

STEM education, STEM instructional strategies, Hands-on learning, Academic achievement, Science education, Middle school students, Pre-test post-test design.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition