Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The present article titled "A Study on the Psychosocial Problems Faced by Family Members of Persons with Spinal Cord Injury" aims to examine the psychological and social challenges experienced by family members caring for individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a life-altering condition that not only affects the individual but also places a significant burden on family members who assume caregiving responsibilities. The study focuses on understanding various issues such as stress, anxiety, emotional burden, financial strain, social isolation, and coping strategies among caregivers. A descriptive research design was adopted to study the existing conditions without any manipulation. The universe of the study includes family members of persons with spinal cord injury, and a total of 50 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data was gathered from books, journals, and online sources. A pilot study and pre-test were conducted to ensure the reliability and clarity of the research tool. The findings indicate that family members experience high levels of psychological distress, emotional exhaustion, and financial difficulties, along with limited support systems. The study highlights the need for counselling services, rehabilitation support, and community-based interventions to improve the well-being of caregivers.

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 Keywords

psychosocial problems, spinal cord injury, care givers problems

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Software testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality, reliability, and performance of modern software applications. Traditional testing tools, such as Selenium, rely heavily on predefined scripts and manual intervention, which often leads to increased maintenance effort, longer execution time, and limited adaptability to dynamic application changes. These limitations become more significant as software systems grow in complexity and scale. To address these challenges, AI-based testing approaches have emerged as a promising solution. AI-driven tools like Testim utilize machine learning algorithms and intelligent automation to enhance testing processes. These tools are capable of automatically generating test cases, adapting to user interface changes through self-healing mechanisms, and predicting potential defects based on historical data. This research presents a comparative performance evaluation of traditional testing tools and AI-based testing approaches. The study employs a structured methodology involving controlled experiments and analysis of key performance metrics such as execution time, defect detection rate, and maintenance effort. The results indicate that AI-based testing significantly improves efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and enhances overall testing accuracy. The findings suggest that integrating AI into software testing processes can lead to more scalable, reliable, and efficient testing solutions, making it a valuable approach for modern software development environments.

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Software Testing, Traditional Testing, AI-Based Testing, Machine Learning, Test Automation, Selenium, Testim, Defect Detection, Performance Evaluation, Test Efficiency

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This paper presents an intelligent attendance system using RFID and face recognition to improve security and prevent proxy attendance. The system verifies user identity through RFID authentication followed by facial recognition using OpenCV. Attendance is recorded only when both credentials match the stored database. The proposed system is cost-effective, reliable, and suitable for educational institutions and office environments.

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RFID, Face Recognition, Biometric Authentication, Access Control

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In this paper, the reconfigurations of landscape in Northeast Indian narratives have been explored using the specific work A Lunatic in My Head by Anjum Hasan. Eschewing traditional concept of landscape as visual setting, the paper contends that space in the novel works as a narrative agency that dominates the emotional life, identity formation, and stagnation of social life. Located in Shillong, the text does not depict an exotic or idyllic locality but rather a psychologically dense and politically marginal urban zone of inertia, decay, and unfulfilled aspirations. A spatial reading of the novel, the paper delves into how the outer physical space reflects inner disruption, alienation, and waiting that is experienced by the youth and the women characters. Placing the narrative into the context of the postcolonial spatial theory, the research points to the idea of landscape as a tool of soft social criticism, which mirrors the greater issues of marginality and regional invisibility in Indian discourse. Finally, the paper shows how landscape becomes a silent but mighty protagonist in the fiction of Hasan organizing the narrative meaning and postcolonial identity.

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Landscape, Northeast India, Spatial Narrative, Postcolonial Identity, Marginality, Shillong, Emotional Geography

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Identity is an essential aspect of human existence, signifying each person's ongoing quest to discover their identity and place in the world. This concept of self is not created in a vacuum; rather, it is a complicated construct shaped by our connections, memories, and individual experiences. However, the process of creating a secure identity becomes difficult for someone who harbors terrible memories from the past. Nomi, the main character in Anuradha Roy's book Sleeping on Jupiter, personifies this quest for identity. Nomi sets off on a voyage that is purportedly for her profession as a documentary filmmaker by going back to the temple town of Jarmuli, but it is actually a profound encounter with a past she had long.By returning to the temple town of Jarmuli, Nomi embarks on a journey that is ostensibly for her work as a documentary filmmaker but is, in reality, a deep confrontation with a history she had long tried to escape.

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Memory as a Catalyst for Self-Discovery

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ABSTRACT This study looked at public library funding: problems and solutions. Four (4) distinct goals serve as the paper's compass. In addition to defining public libraries, the study contrasted them with other kinds of libraries. The topic of public library funding was also covered. Other funding options for public libraries were also discovered and discussed in the study. As a result, the study suggested that: In order to make it easier for the public to obtain information resources, public libraries should have sufficient funding. Information and communication technology proficiency should be a top priority for public library staff. Alternative methods of raising money for public libraries should be connected to the management of public libraries.

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Keywords: Public Libraries, Concept of Funding, Issues and Way Forward for Public Libraries, Need for Funding Public Libraries, Alternative Funding for public Libraries,

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This paper explores the evolution of Gothic literature from its eighteenth-century origins to its modern adaptations. Beginning with Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto (1764), the study traces the genre's defining motifs--haunted castles, supernatural phenomena, psychological terror, and the sublime--and examines how authors such as Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Lewis, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, and Bram Stoker shaped its trajectory. Gothic literature is shown to be more than escapist fiction; it reflects cultural anxieties about religion, science, gender, and politics while dramatizing the tension between reason and imagination. The paper also highlights the Gothic's enduring legacy in architecture, art, cinema, and contemporary fiction, demonstrating its adaptability and cultural resonance across centuries.

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Gothic Literature, Psychological Terror, Sublime, Supernatural.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cross-border payment systems are a fundamental component of international trade, remittance transfers, and global financial operations. Traditional international payment methods involve multiple intermediaries, resulting in high transaction costs, delays, and operational inefficiencies. Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative financial innovation capable of addressing these limitations by offering decentralized, transparent, and secure transaction mechanisms. This study examines the impact of blockchain adoption on reducing transaction costs and improving transaction efficiency in cross-border payments using secondary data collected from published reports, banking studies, and financial institution records. The analysis compares conventional payment systems with blockchain-based payment frameworks across dimensions such as transaction cost, processing speed, transparency, and security. The findings indicate that blockchain significantly reduces operational expenses and settlement time while enhancing transactional accuracy and transparency. The study concludes that blockchain technology has substantial potential to reshape the future of international financial transactions.

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Blockchain, Cross-border Payments, Transaction Efficiency, Cost Reduction, Financial Technology, International Transactions

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart spirometer for real-time respiratory health monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning techniques. The system employs a differential pressure-based sensing mechanism to measure airflow and estimate key lung function parameters such as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). An ESP32 microcontroller is used for data acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission of results to a mobile application for remote monitoring. To ensure reliable measurements, both hardware-level filtering and software-based signal processing methods are incorporated to reduce noise and improve stability. The calculated spirometric parameters are further utilized in a supervised machine learning framework, where clinically referenced threshold-based labeling is applied to generate structured training data. The trained model classifies respiratory conditions into normal and abnormal categories based on learned patterns. The proposed system provides a portable, low-cost, and user-friendly solution for continuous respiratory assessment and preliminary screening of conditions such as COPD and asthma. While the classification is guided by clinically established thresholds, the system demonstrates the integration of IoT and machine learning for accessible healthcare monitoring.

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Smart Spirometer, Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32 Microcontroller, Differential Pressure Sensor, Lung Function Monitoring, Machine Learning, Respiratory Disease Detection, Respiratory Health Monitoring, Embedded Systems, COPD.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Looking at how poems from specific areas matter when shared through wider languages helps spread understanding about world problems. Trouble shows up suddenly, growing fast until people cannot manage it anymore. Pandemic outbreaks, quakes, rising waters, conflicts, shifting weather patterns, political unrest, misuse of technology - each one forms part of what counts as crisis. Hard times do more than bring pain though they spark fresh thinking and creative voices often rise strongest right then. Attention turns here towards translating written work born in those moments. Poems, stories, reports, studies shaped by upheaval carry weight and moving them across languages opens doors. Not just specialists see value but ordinary readers connect too. Ideas travel further when words shift form but meaning stays alive even when tongues differ. Translators shape bridges others walk across and so words once local gain broader reach. Crises push people towards poetry, says the writer, who looks at two pieces he wrote in Kashmiri. One is called "Modern Insaan tae Mousam" the other "Corona Wobaa; Kaas waine Khodaya." When turned into English, these poems carry local feelings about climate shifts and the corona virus beyond their borders. Emotion meets thought in translation, opening space for wider conversation. The personal voice travels farther when words cross languages. Meaning spreads - not just facts - through this movement. What began in one tongue finds new life elsewhere. A private reflection becomes part of something larger simply by being shared differently.

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 Keywords

Birth of Poetic Insight During Crisis Times

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