Volume 12 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Semantic similarity measures play a crucial role in various natural language processing tasks, aiding in tasks such as information retrieval, text classification, and semantic search. This paper provides a comprehensive review of semantic similarity measures, examining their methodologies, applications, and performance. We discuss different approaches to measuring semantic similarity, including knowledge-based, corpus-based, and hybrid methods, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and comparative evaluations. Additionally, we explore the challenges and future directions in semantic similarity research, aiming to provide insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of natural language processing.

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 Keywords

Semantic similarity, natural language processing, knowledge-based methods, corpus-based methods, hybrid methods.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, the ability to generate data Visualizations through natural language queries represents a significant advancement. This presentation explores the capabilities of models like GPT-3, ChatGPT, and Codex in transforming textual descriptions into graphical data insights. By leveraging deep learning and transformer architectures, these models facilitate an intuitive interface for data interaction, enhancing decision-making and analytical processes.

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 Keywords

data Visualizations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This work introduces a pioneering experiment in forest wildfire detection, merging digital image processing, machine learning, and deep learning. Unlike traditional methods, our approach addresses accessibility and accuracy issues by splitting the task into two modules: wildfire image classification and wildfire region detection. Introducing innovative algorithms like Reduce-VGGnet for classification and an optimized CNN for region detection, we achieve remarkable accuracies of 91.20% and 97.35% respectively. Notably, our framework bridges the gap between research and education, offering a practical and efficient experiment for Machine Vision courses. Furthermore, by extending traditional classifiers like VGG16 to VGG19, we elevate accuracy, paving the way for enhanced wildfire detection methodologies.

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wildfire, deep learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rise in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has significantly altered the global economic environment, with serious consequences for India's economy. This research study looks on the legal elements of cross-border M&A transactions and their impact on the Indian economy. The essential legal elements of cross-border M&A transactions are discussed, including regulatory approvals, competition law compliance, intellectual property rights, and tax implications. The paper investigates the difficulties and complexity of navigating numerous legal systems across jurisdictions, highlighting the importance of extensive due diligence and strategic preparation. Furthermore, the study paper examines the influence of cross-border mergers and acquisitions on the Indian economy. It balances the potential benefits, such as access to new markets, technology transfer, and greater competitiveness, against the challenges, which include regulatory scrutiny, cultural integration, and post-merger integration concerns. Case studies and statistics are utilised to show the real-world effects of cross-border mergers and acquisitions on the Indian economy. The article examines significant mergers and acquisitions involving Indian firms, concentrating on the results and lessons learned.

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 Keywords

: Cross-border M&A, mergers, acquisitions, competition law, inbound, outbound

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study of judicial review in comparative constitutional law is often perplexing. At one level, the theory on judicial review has kept up with global developments, with scholars seeking to answer how judicial review can go beyond its traditionally understood role to address contemporary challenges .At another level, the age-old debate of whether judicial review by unelected judges should exist at all in a constitutional democracy rages on. This paradox is partly attributable to the fact that the study of judicial review has splintered into the study of judicial review of specific issues that arise in a constitution, such as the judicial review of socio-economic rights, judicial review of constitutional amendments, and judicial review of matters relating to federalism and democracy, with little attention to whether and how they all fit together to form a cohesive theory of judicial review. Literally the notion of judicial review means the revision of the decree or sentence of an inferior court by a superior court. Judicial review has a more technical significance in pubic law, particularly in countries having a written constitution which are founded on the concept of limited government. Judicial review in this case means that Courts of law have the power of testing the validity of legislative as well as other governmental action with reference to the provisions of the constitution. The doctrine of judicial review has been originated and developed by the American Supreme Court, although there is no express provision in the American Constitution for the judicial review. In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court made it clear that it had the power of judicial review. Chief Justice George Marshall said," Certainly all those who have framed the written Constitution contemplate them as forming the fundamental and paramount law of the nations, and consequently, the theory of every such Government must be that an act of the legislature, repugnant to the Constitution is void". There is supremacy of Constitution in U.S.A. and, therefore, in case of conflict between the Constitution and the Acts passed by the legislature, the Courts follow the Constitution and declare the acts to be unconstitutional and, therefore, void. The Courts declare void the acts of the legislature and the executive, if they are found in violation of the provisions of the Constitution.

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 Keywords

Judicial review , constitution ,court

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Shock absorbers are a critical part of a suspension system, connecting the vehicle to its wheels. The need for dampers arises because of the roll and pitches associated with vehicle maneuvering, and from the roughness of road. This led to make the ride quality for the people very uncomfortable which led to invention and innovation of shock absorbers. Shock absorbers are devices that smooth out an impulse experienced by a vehicle, and appropriately dissipate or absorb the kinetic energy. Shock absorbers have become such an essential component of an automobile. Suspension system is the main part of the vehicle which is used for comfort and for better ride through rough roads. It absorbs shocks and vibration by providing smooth functioning to the vehicle. Currently there are different types of suspension in the market. In this study, mono suspension and dual suspension was considered. Comparing the ride quality of mono suspension and dual suspension of two-wheeler vehicles to know how they differ from each other by performing static structural analysis under different loading conditions by designing 3D model of suspension system using software like CATIA V5 and ANSYS for performing analysis.

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Suspension system, Mono suspension, Twin suspension, Ansys, Catia, Maximum shear stress, Factor of safety, Total deformation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper investigates the vulnerability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to adversarial attacks, focusing on facial recognition systems. Despite their robustness, DNNs can be manipulated using specific triggers like facial characteristics without compromising overall performance on legitimate inputs. We propose using these triggers to compromise backdoored facial recognition systems, demonstrating real-time attack capabilities. Furthermore, we extend this research by implementing an advanced VGG16 algorithm. Our findings reveal that while VGG16 achieves impressive accuracy of 95-100% on original images, it shows susceptibility with 85% accuracy on tricked images. This study underscores the importance of enhancing DNNs' resilience against such targeted attacks to ensure the security and reliability of facial recognition systems.

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 Keywords

FaceHack, DNNs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education shapes, modifies and builds an individual. In the system of education, the teachers play crucial roles in the growth and development of a child. Therefore, the perspectives of teachers are very important for the social, emotional, intellectual and overall development of a child. There are many children who are challenged and differently abled, and need special care and education. It has been seen that inclusive education helps them to adapt and reconcile in society. Inclusive education class is one in which the students, regardless of their disabilities, study in the same classroom with normal students. This study is designed to glimpse the perspectives of the teachers towards challenged children. A self-constructed questionnaire was administered for studying the perspective of the teachers. The result shows that though the teachers are aware of the concept of inclusive education they are not knowledgeable enough to handle the challenged children in an inclusive school. Therefore, professional training programme are essential for the teachers for the success of inclusive system of education.

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Education, perspectives, inclusive, disabilities, challenged children, professional training.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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While often perceived as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, emerging evidence suggests e-cigarettes are far from harmless. This review examines the link between e-cigarette use and both acute lung injury and sub-clinical lung dysfunction. Though long-term consequences remain under investigation, current findings reveal concerning effects. E-cigarettes trigger blood vessel constriction, immune system hyperactivity, and a thinning of the lung's inner lining. Notably, their design facilitates efficient nicotine delivery, comparable to conventional cigarettes, raising concerns about nicotine dependence in non-smokers and increased severity in existing users. The composition of e-liquids and the hardware itself can further influence nicotine exposure. In conclusion, a growing body of evidence challenges the myth of e-cigarette safety, urging further research and potential re-evaluation of public health policies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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e-cigarette, vaping, e-liquid, nicotine retention , addiction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study delves into how student engagement with Blackboard, a prevalent Learning Management System in higher education, shapes their academic achievements. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it examines four deep learning models to predict student performance using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) derived from Blackboard data. Analyzing data from seven courses, potential predictive KPIs are identified through documentary analysis. Correlational studies unveil significant associations between these factors and student performance metrics. The study demonstrates the efficacy of a combined CNN-LSTM predictive model in accurately forecasting outcomes. These findings advocate for the utilization of such models to optimize Blackboard's utility and bolster educational interventions in universities. Additionally, the integration of BI-LSTM extends the study's accuracy range to 95-100%, showcasing its potential in refining predictive capabilities further.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Learning Outcomes, CNN, LSTM

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition