Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, progressively restricting range of motion and affecting daily activities. It predominantly affects individuals aged 40-60 years and is more common in females. Exercise therapy is a cornerstone of conservative management and is aimed at restoring mobility and reducing pain. This article provides a concise review of the role of exercises in the management of frozen shoulder, highlighting the phases of the condition, types of therapeutic exercises, and the evidence supporting their use.

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 Keywords

Frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, shoulder rehabilitation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The intersection of gender equality and environmental sustainability represents a pivotal domain for promoting social justice and inclusive development. The evolving concept of the "Right to Green", which recognizes the right to a healthy and sustainable environment, is a fundamental principle within human rights law and environmental governance. This article delves into the intricate relationship between the Right to Green, women's rights, and sustainable development. By integrating insights from international law, feminist theories, and sustainability paradigms, it underscores the interconnectedness of environmental justice and gender equality. Women, particularly those in rural and marginalized settings, bear the brunt of environmental challenges while playing critical, yet often overlooked, roles in ecological preservation. The study reflects a comprehensive framework that emphasizes women's contributions to fostering ecological balance and advancing global sustainability goals. This framework aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Despite these efforts, the persistence of patriarchal structures, systemic inequalities, and climate-related vulnerabilities continues to impede women's inclusion in environmental governance. The article advocates for transformative policy approaches that prioritize gender equity as an essential component of sustainability strategies. By reframing women's rights as integral to achieving environmental sustainability, this work contributes to the evolving discourse on gender-responsive environmental governance. Realizing the Right to Green through a gender-sensitive lens is not merely a moral obligation but a strategic imperative for fostering a fair, resilient, and sustainable global future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Right to Green, Women Right, Environmental Governance, Sustainable Development, Ecofeminism, Gender Equality.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project presents a gesture-controlled smart presentation system designed to enhance user interaction during slide-based presentations. By integrating computer vision and hand-tracking technologies using OpenCV, CVZone, and Mediapipe, the system enables users to navigate PowerPoint slides, annotate, zoom, undo, and highlight content via natural hand gestures. PowerPoint (.pptx) files are automatically converted into PDF and then to PNG images using LibreOffice and pdf2image, allowing seamless slide integration. A semi-transparent webcam overlay enhances presenter visibility, while gesture mapping allows real-time control--such as using specific finger patterns to switch slides, zoom, or activate a laser pointer. The system is built in Python and features a clean interface with minimal dependencies, optimized for real-time performance on standard webcams. This hands-free, intuitive approach to presentations is especially useful for educators, professionals, and remote presenters, providing an interactive and immersive experience without the need for clickers or manual input.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Machine learning, hand gesture recognition, hand landmark model, OpenCV, Meadiapipe

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Calisthenics, a form of bodyweight training rooted in ancient traditions, has witnessed a global resurgence due to its accessibility, versatility, and effectiveness in promoting functional fitness. This review explores the historical evolution of calisthenics, its core principles, and its physiological and psychological benefits. It compares calisthenics with traditional resistance training, highlights its unique emphasis on skill development, and evaluates the scientific literature supporting its effectiveness for strength, hypertrophy, cardiovascular fitness, and mental well-being. Common movements, progression strategies, and injury prevention measures are outlined alongside insights into popular training programs and nutritional considerations. The influence of social media in fostering a global calisthenics community is also discussed. While calisthenics presents certain limitations, especially in lower-body hypertrophy and structured progression, it remains a sustainable and empowering training modality for diverse populations. This review underscores calisthenics as a holistic, evolving discipline with growing relevance in fitness, rehabilitation, and preventive healthcare.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Calisthenics, Bodyweight Training, Functional Fitness, Muscle Hypertrophy, Strength Training, Mobility, Flexibility, Skill Development, Street Workout, Physical Conditioning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Domestic Violence, Psychological Distress, Mental Health, Composite Abuse Scale-Revised (CASR-SF), Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-OM), Trauma, Resilience, Social Support

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Maintaining a healthy codebase over time is an ongoing hurdle for software teams. This study examines how different restructuring strategies perform when applied at key milestones--early development, major releases, and maintenance periods. We compare three approaches (manual refactoring, rule-based transformations, and AI-assisted restructuring) using four popular tools (RefactorX, Rearchitect, CodeRenew, SmartRefactor) under static, dynamic, and combined (hybrid) analysis. Across eight real-world projects and 2,592 experimental runs, we measured changes in code complexity, coupling, and code-smell counts, along with tool runtime and developer feedback. Our findings reveal that AI-powered methods deliver the largest complexity reductions (?25 %) with modest time investment, whereas rule-based tools strike a favorable balance between speed and effectiveness. Downtime around major releases offers the strongest opportunity for broad improvements, and hybrid analysis emerges as the most efficient way to catch both static and runtime issues. We close with clear, context-sensitive recommendations to aid teams in choosing the right restructuring strategy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Software Restructuring; Refactoring; Lifecycle Stages; Technical Debt; Analysis Mechanisms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sentiment analysis, especially within the realm of English-language movie reviews, has seen substantial progress thanks to the availability of diverse and expressive data. This research presents a novel Stacked Ensemble-Based Architecture (SEBA) for binary sentiment classification of movie reviews. We curated and annotated a dataset of 5,000 English movie reviews, supplemented with widely-used public datasets from platforms like Kaggle, Hugging Face, IMDB. Our methodology employs sophisticated text preprocessing techniques and represents data using Term Frequency-Inverse Sentence Frequency (TF-ISF) with word-level N-grams. The research establishes Logistic Regression as a baseline model before integrating more advanced algorithms including BERT and LSTM within our ensemble framework. To optimize classification performance, we applied extensive hyperparameter tuning and ensemble learning strategies. Additionally, we implemented a filter to mask explicit language, ensuring that such content doesn't unfairly skew sentiment judgment. Experimental results demonstrate that SEBA achieved 80.8% across accuracy, precision, and recall metrics, with an F1-score of 80.7%, significantly outperforming individual classifiers. These findings indicate SEBA's considerable potential for deployment in real-world binary sentiment analysis applications, particularly for entertainment content evaluation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sentiment Analysis, Binary Classification

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition globally affecting individuals across all age groups, especially adults with sedentary lifestyles, poor posture, and work-related strain. Exercise therapy is a cornerstone in the conservative management of non-specific and mechanical neck pain. This narrative review discusses the role of various types of exercise--stretching, strengthening, endurance training, posture correction, and motor control retraining--in alleviating neck pain and improving functional outcomes. The review draws on evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar to present the physiological rationale, clinical outcomes, and efficacy of exercise interventions. The article concludes by emphasizing that exercise, when properly prescribed and individualized, can significantly reduce pain intensity, improve range of motion, and enhance the quality of life in patients with neck pain.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Neck pain, exercise therapy, posture, muscle strengthening, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, cervical spine.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Magical realism is a literary genre that weaves elements of the extraordinary and supernatural into a realistic narrative, giving a sense of wonder and elevating the reader's experience. Latin American authors are known for their expertise in this genre, blending the mystical with everyday life. One of the most celebrated authors of magical realism is Isabel Allende, whose novel, The House of the Spirits, showcases this genre's depth and power. Through her use of magical realism, Allende conveys profound themes of memory, family legacy, and interconnectedness. This paper examines the role of magical realism in The House of the Spirits by analyzing how these elements enhance the narrative, deepen character development, and shape the reader's experience.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

magical realism, character, family legacy, culture, politics, and gender

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A study and configuration of a new transformerless buck-boost converter is proposed in this work. The normal buck-boost converter has simple configuration and high efficiency. The disadvantage of the normal converter is restricted voltage gain, negative output voltage, floating power switch, discontinuous output and input currents. For eliminating the disadvantages of the normal converter, a new transformer less buck-boost converter is proposed. The proposed new transformer less buck-boost converter consists of two switches, two capacitors, two inductors and one resistor load in the circuit. The two power switches of the proposed converter operate simultaneously. The proposed buck-boost converter gives the voltage gain is squared or quadratic times of normal converter which makes it suitable for solar energy applications. In continuous conduction mode, a voltage gain, operating principles, small-signal model and voltage stress are described for the proposed converter. To improve the stability of a system, a PI controller is used in the proposed converter. The structure of the proposed buck-boost converter circuit is simulated in MATLAB/ SIMULINK

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

High voltage gain, transformerless buck-boost converter, small signal model, voltage stress.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition