Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The Permanent Account Number (PAN) Card is an important document that serves as an identification tool for many more purposes like tax payment, verification medium in banks, companies and in other government services in India. However, with the increasing demand for PAN Cards, fraudulent activities involving fake PAN Cards have also increased. To address this issue, a system for detecting fake and real PAN Cards using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is proposed. The proposed system uses a dataset of real and fake PAN Cards to train the CNN model, which can classify PAN Cards as real or fake with high accuracy. The model is designed to extract relevant features from the PAN Card images and use them to distinguish between real and fake ones. The proposed system has the potential to provide an efficient and reliable solution to the problem of detecting fake PAN Cards, which can help prevent tax fraud, duplication detail of other person etc. and improve the overall integrity of the tax system in India.

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 Keywords

Machine Learning, Convolution Neural Networks, Real, Fake, Image Processing.

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Power infrastructure, which includes transmission lines, wires, mobile phone towers, and power towers, is a distinctive anthropogenic structure in terms of material composition, design, and continuity that provides avian animals with artificial habitat for breeding and roosting. The purpose of this study was to determine the variety, quantity, and behavior of birds that use power structures as man-made habitat. Across various species and regions, birds are increasingly utilizing transmission towers as nesting sites, a trend driven by habitat degradation and the availability of these man-made structures as alternative nesting locations Elevated vantage points and reduced threats from ground predators make these towers attractive to certain bird species. However, this behavioral adaptation poses risks both to avian populations and to power infrastructure. As natural habitats such as wetlands, forests, and farmland are rapidly replaced by urban infrastructure--roads, bridges, power lines, and communication towers--the ecological dynamics shift accordingly. While some structures inadvertently support wildlife by providing shelter and breeding spaces, their proliferation raises concerns about long-term environmental impacts.

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transmissions towers and power lines

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 Abstract

Market are managed by entirely unexpected regulative component. one among the vital goals of the component is to strike a reasonable harmony between the clashing interests among the shifted partners. Free market works mechanically because of unregulated offer and request of essential wants while not plenteous intercession of the administration Thus, amid this component, the business visionaries summon the market. The nonattendance of impartial regulative measures at last damages the clients. Managed advertise system is a considerable measure of practical instrument than the past, since the most objective amid this component is to affirm that every one the fundamental wants of the benefactor are met and along these lines the business person's interests are accomplished. The enactments are one among the main components of regulative system that in its included territories attempts to adjust between the free play of imposing business model rights and interests of the general public. Protected innovation Rights (IPR) comprises of a heap of lawful rights exhibited upon the proprietor of elusive property to store up the imposing business model to use financially his scholarly manifestations. Rivalry Law manages rivalry so there's no antagonistic outcome available. This paper centers that the targets of laws on IPR and Competition law are closer to each option in to this point as draping a harmony between the interests of the right holders and accordingly the clients and along these lines the general public. Products and the costs of the product are largely motivated by way of the forces controlling deliver and demand together with the monopolistic behaviour of the producers. within the given state of affairs, the manufacturers comes to a decision the quantity of their merchandise, investment for innovation and invention of latest products in addition to determines the pricing mechanism.

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KEYWORD : Competition, IPR Policy, Compulsory licensing, Regulation of market, Patent

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This paper presents an innovative healthcare technology solution that leverages artificial intelligence and machine learning to revolutionize stroke risk assessment and preventive healthcare management. The system implements a sophisticated deep neural network architecture trained on comprehensive patient health datasets to predict stroke risk with high accuracy. The model considers multiple critical health parameters including demographic factors (age, gender), physiological metrics (BMI, blood pressure), medical history (hypertension, heart disease), lifestyle indicators (smoking status, work type), and environmental factors (residence type). The implementation utilizes a modern tech stack comprising Flask (Python) for backend services, TensorFlow for AI/ML operations, and a responsive frontend built with Tailwind CSS. The system's architecture ensures secure data management through SQLite database integration and implements robust user authentication mechanisms. A key innovation is the dynamic recommendation engine that generates personalized health guidance based on individual risk profiles, incorporating age-specific advice, condition-based recommendations, and lifestyle modifications. The platform features a premium-grade user interface with dual-mode (light/dark) support, interactive dashboards for real-time analytics, and comprehensive PDF report generation with QR code integration for digital access. The reporting system provides detailed patient assessments, including risk stratification, health metrics visualization, and personalized preventive measures. Evaluation of the system demonstrates significant improvements in stroke risk prediction accuracy compared to traditional assessment methods. The implementation of personalized recommendations has shown promising results in patient engagement and preventive healthcare management. The system's modular architecture allows for continuous learning and improvement through ongoing data analysis and model refinement. This research contributes to the field of preventive healthcare by introducing an integrated solution that combines AI-driven risk assessment with personalized healthcare management. The system's ability to provide real-time risk analysis and tailored recommendations makes it a valuable tool for healthcare professionals and patients alike, potentially reducing stroke incidence through early intervention and preventive measures. Keywords: Stroke Risk Assessment, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Preventive Healthcare, Personalized Medicine, Health Analytics, Machine Learning, Medical Informatics

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Stroke RisStroke Risk Prediction, Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare, Predictive Analytics, Medical Diagnosis System, Health Risk Assessment, Machine Learning in Medicine, Clinical Decision Support System, Flask Web Application, Biomedical Data Analysis, Real-time Risk Prediction, AI-Powered Health Monitoring, Smart Healthcare System, Personalized Medical Recommendations, Explainable AI (XAI)k Prediction Deep Neural Networks (DNN) Artificial Intelligence (AI

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As sequencing of DNA technologies have evolved across multiple generations, the science of genomics has undergone a major revolution. Starting from earliest first-generation Sanger method sequencing to the emergence of second- and third-generation approaches, this account traces the course that culminated in the innovative development of nanopore sequencing. With each generation, the speed, read length, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness improved. A salient characteristic of nanopore sequencing is its real-time, direct reading of long DNA or RNA strands without needing to tag or amplify them. The portability, simplicity, and flexibility of the technology have made possible applications across a range of fields, such as clinical diagnostics, infectious disease surveillance, agriculture, forensic studies, and personalized medicine. The underlying operation of solid-state and biological nanopores is also explored within this book, with a focus placed on their utilization within modern sequencing platforms. The review also includes advances that aid us in understanding genomic complexity better, such as RNA-seq, single-cell analysis, and long-read and short-read sequencing. Genomics is becoming increasingly accessible, effective, and impactful with the application of nanopore technology, opening the way for revolutionary discoveries in the areas of health, the environment, and more.

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 Keywords

DNA sequencing, Genomics, Nanopores, RNA sequencing, Cell analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Smriti Kashyap, Subekcha Prasad There is a growing emphasis on the role of independent directors in discussions on corporate governance in India. The institution of independent directors (IDs) has evolved from being a policy recommendation in the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee Report (1999) to a mandatory institution under the Companies Act, 2013 and the SEBI LODR Regulations. But persistent structural, legal, and cultural barriers limit their impact. This article examines the development of independent directorship in India from a doctrinal and evaluative perspective. It includes important committee reports, legislative developments, and regulatory changes such as the 2021 and 2025 amendments to SEBI (LODR) Regulations. It further considers fundamental issues like tokenism in the boardroom, information asymmetry and legal liability in terms of Section 149(12). Recent case laws such as Tata-Mistry, IL&FS, Dish TV language is used to drive home the point on GIMP failures in actual practice. Comparative perspectives from the UK, USA and OECD benchmarks help to position India in a global perspective. The paper concludes by envisioning routes for cultural, legal, and institutional change.

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Independent Directors, Corporate Governance, SEBI LODR 2025, Legal Liability, Boardroom Reform

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This paper examined the complex and interconnected factors that influenced work-life balance (WLB) among married women teachers in secondary schools in Varanasi. It highlighted the unique challenges they faced at the intersection of professional duties and personal responsibilities within a socio-cultural context shaped by traditional gender norms and societal expectations. The study explored how family dynamics--such as the level of support, division of domestic labor, and childcare demands--affected their ability to maintain balance. It also assessed workplace conditions, including institutional policies, school culture, and administrative support, which either alleviated or intensified the strain. Additionally, personal attributes like time-management skills, resilience, and coping strategies were considered. By integrating these dimensions, the research provided a comprehensive understanding of WLB and offered evidence-based recommendations for gender-sensitive policies and institutional reforms to enhance the well-being and job satisfaction of women educators.

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Work life Balance, secondary school women teachers, factors.

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Clinical trials are used in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the safety and efficacy of products, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration oversees the approval process. To improve patient safety and lower safety-related withdrawals, pharmacovigilance is crucial. In order to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of Ayurveda, the Indian government launched a program similar to the International Drug Monitoring program, which was founded by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1961. India is home to 55 postgraduate institutions and 196 undergraduate schools.

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Pharmacovigilance in ayurvedic medicine system

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This comparative study examines the historical personhood of Gautama Buddha of India and Jesus of Nazareth of Israel, analyzing their lives, teachings and historical contexts. Both figures profoundly influenced global religious and philosophical traditions, with Buddhism and Christianity emerging as dominant spiritual and ethical systems. Despite differences in their geographic and cultural settings, Buddha (c. 563-483 BCE) and Jesus (c. 4 BCE-30 CE) share common themes in their life narratives, including miraculous births, discipleship, moral teachings and the transformation of societies. Buddha, originally Prince Siddhartha Gautama of the Shakya clan, renounced his royal life in search of enlightenment. His teachings, emphasizing the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, provided a systematic approach to ending suffering through self-realization and ethical conduct. His enlightenment under the Bodhi tree marked the foundation of Buddhism, which later spread across Asia. The historical sources for Buddha's life come primarily from Buddhist scriptures such as the Tripitaka, which were written centuries after his passing. Jesus of Nazareth, central to Christianity, was a Jewish preacher in first-century Roman-occupied Judea. His teachings, centered on love, compassion and salvation, challenged religious and political authorities. His crucifixion and subsequent resurrection, as recorded in the New Testament, laid the foundation for Christian theology. Unlike Buddhist texts, the Gospels were written within a few decades of Jesus' death, making his historical footprint more immediate but still debated by scholars. Both figures engaged in reformist movements against rigid religious practices of their time--Buddha received enlightenment, while Jesus confronted Pharisaic Judaism. Their followers systematized their teachings into religious doctrines, leading to the institutionalization of Buddhism and Christianity. Over time, their historical identities merged with theological interpretations, making it difficult to separate fact from legend. The study utilizes comparative historiography, textual analysis and archaeological evidence to assess the veracity of their historical records. It also explores their influences on ethical thought, non-violence and global civilization. Buddha's path was based on self-liberation through meditation and wisdom, Jesus' message emphasized faith, divine grace and redemption. The analysis concludes that, although their life trajectories and religious impacts differ, both figures remain foundational to human spiritual evolution.

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Gautama Buddha, Jesus of Nazareth, Historical Personhood, Comparative Religion, Buddhism, Christianity, Enlightenment, Salvation, Ethical Teachings, Religious Reform, Spiritual Legacy, Discipleship, Textual Analysis, Archaeological Evidence, Global Influence.

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Monkeypox a viral zoonosis, is a disease caused by the monkeypox virus. The first case of Monkeypox occurred in a 9-month-old child in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970. In this review the overall information about monkeypox disease, their causes, symptoms, treatment and comparison between monkeypox and smallpox was studied.

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 Keywords

Transmission, Monkeypox, Treatment, Vaccine

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