Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

In disaster-stricken areas, the ability to rapidly locate survivors and deliver essential aid can significantly influence survival rates and recovery efforts. However, traditional search and rescue (SAR) operations are often hindered by inaccessible terrain, hazardous conditions, and the time-sensitive nature of emergency response. To address these challenges, this paper presents the design and development of an autonomous drone system tailored for SAR missions. The proposed drone integrates a Pixhawk 6C flight controller, GPS navigation module, high-definition Wi-Fi camera, and Mission Planner software to enable autonomous flight, real-time aerial surveillance, and precise payload delivery. The system is capable of executing missions with minimal human intervention while providing live telemetry and video feedback to ground teams. Field tests conducted in controlled environments demonstrate the drone's reliability, accuracy, and endurance under simulated disaster conditions. This research highlights the potential of UAV technology to enhance emergency response efficiency, reduce operational risks, and deliver critical supplies swiftly in regions where traditional methods fall short.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Autonomous Navigation, Disaster Management, Pixhawk 6C, Search and Rescue Drones, UAVs.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Closed captioning is essential for making video content accessible to people with hearing impairments, but manual transcription can be time-consuming and costly. AI and Machine Learning (ML) have introduced automated solutions that enhance the efficiency and accuracy of closed captioning. Using deep learning models for speech recognition and natural language processing (NLP), AI systems can generate precise captions in real time. This approach addresses challenges like noisy audio and varying accents, offering a scalable solution that improves accessibility and user experience across diverse multimedia platforms.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Closed Captioning, OpenAI, Natural language Processing (NLP), Machine learning (ML), Whisper

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India possesses the most substantial livestock population globally. To satisfy both current and anticipated demands of the expanding human demographic, it is imperative to adopt innovative strategies to fulfill the input requirements to produce livestock and their derived products. Although India ranks first in the world regarding milk production and bovine population, the average productivity still necessitates enhancement; this may be attributable to a suboptimal nutritional status resulting from inadequate availability of high-quality fodder and feed. Consequently, there has been a concerted effort to identify alternative sources of superior-quality unconventional feed and fodder to facilitate efficient livestock production. In the quest for substitutes to traditional concentrates and fodder/feed for various animal species, a remarkable plant known as azolla has emerged, which holds significant promise as a sustainable feed source for livestock. Given that azolla encompasses the majority of nutrients requisite for all categories of livestock, including poultry and fish, it can be administered to these animals without any detrimental effects. Numerous studies have indicated that the incorporation of azolla in the diets of dairy cows can enhance milk production by 15 to 20 percent.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Azolla, livestock, cow feed, azolla production, sustainable

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Traditional attendance systems are inefficient, time-consuming, and susceptible to manipulation. This paper presents an automated, contactless attendance monitoring system using face recognition technology. The system employs Haar Cascade Classifier for face detection and the LBPH algorithm for face recognition. Developed using Python, OpenCV, and MySQL, this solution captures student images, trains a recognition model, detects faces in real time, and logs attendance in a structured database. Experimental results show promising accuracy under controlled environments, making this a scalable and efficient alternative to manual systems

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

no

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fire hazards pose a serious risk to lives and infrastructure, necessitating advanced, automated solutions for rapid detection and suppression. This project presents an ESP32-based IoT fire-fighting robot that operates in both automatic and manual modes, integrating Blynk IoT for remote monitoring and control. The system is equipped with IR flame sensors to detect fire sources, DC motors for mobility, and a servo-controlled water pump for extinguishing fires.In automatic mode, the robot continuously scans its surroundings for fire, moves toward the detected source, and activates the water pump to extinguish the flames. The servo motor adjusts the water spray direction to ensure efficient fire suppression. Once the fire is eliminated, the robot resumes patrolling. In manual mode, users can remotely navigate the robot and control fire suppression using the Blynk mobile app, which provides real-time sensor data and operational status.The ESP32 microcontroller ensures seamless Wi-Fi connectivity, allowing real-time updates and remote operation via Blynk. The integration of motor drivers (L298N), flame sensors, and actuators ensures reliable performance in dynamic environments. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this robot in detecting and responding to fire hazards, with successful implementation of remote control and autonomous navigation.Future enhancements could include thermal imaging for precise fire detection, AI-based path planning for autonomous navigation, and integration with LoRaWAN or GSM for long-range connectivity. This project contributes to the advancement of IoT-based fire safety solutions, offering a scalable and efficient approach to fire management in hazardous environments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords:wifi,esp32,IoT,DC motors

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) have historically faced substantial economic disadvantages due to their lack of direct access to seaports, resulting in high transport costs, limited market access, and dependency on transit nations. However, the rise of digital trade is redefining these limitations by enabling economic activities that bypass traditional physical constraints. This paper explores how digital trade--including e-commerce, digital services, and data flows--is transforming the economic landscape of landlocked states. Through a comprehensive analysis of the structural challenges LLDCs face and detailed case studies of Rwanda, Kazakhstan, Bolivia, and Armenia, the paper highlights how strategic investment in digital infrastructure, innovation ecosystems, and supportive policy frameworks can drive inclusive growth. It also discusses key enablers such as education, regional cooperation, and cybersecurity, while addressing persistent barriers like the digital divide and regulatory fragmentation. Ultimately, the paper argues that digital trade presents a vital opportunity for landlocked states to achieve greater economic integration, resilience, and prosperity in an increasingly interconnected global economy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NEPAL:How Digital Trade is Transforming the Economies of Landlocked States

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores employee perceptions of talent management practices within Manufacturing Industries India Pvt. Ltd. Talent management has emerged as a critical factor in enhancing organizational performance and retaining skilled employees, especially in the competitive landscape of the manufacturing sector. The research aims to assess how employees view various aspects of talent management, including recruitment, training, career development, and retention strategies. Data collected through surveys and interviews provides insights into the effectiveness of current practices and highlights areas for improvement. The findings are intended to support strategic HR decisions and promote a more engaged and productive workforce. The descriptive research design is used in this study. The sample size of 217 has been determined using Morgan's formula. Tools used in this study were chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and correlation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Career Development, Training and Development, High potential Employees.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Azolla, a floating fern commonly referred to as azolla, is classified within the family Salviniaceae. This aquatic plant serves as an excellent source of protein, encompassing nearly all essential amino acids and a range of minerals, including iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and manganese, among others. Additionally, it possesses significant amounts of ?-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A) and vitamin B12. Azolla is regarded as particularly promising due to its ease of cultivation, substantial productivity, and superior nutritional value. To enhance its production, it is imperative to establish optimal cultural practices, assess its seasonal availability, and determine manure requirements. Consequently, Azolla emerges as a potential nutrient source, boasting a considerably high feeding value for livestock. Furthermore, there exists a compelling argument for the necessity of systematic research involving prolonged feeding trials utilizing Azolla.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Azolla, Environmental Conditions, Nutrient value, Net Income

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In modern computing systems, Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) is a crucial component used in cache memory and embedded applications. However, traditional 6T SRAM cells face challenges including increased power consumption, reduced stability, and susceptibility to noise--especially at lower supply voltages. To address these limitations, this project proposes the design and implementation of a Single-Ended 11-Transistor (11T) SRAM cell using 18nm FinFET technology. The cell introduces an additional NMOS transistor to improve read and write operations, while minimizing half-select disturbance and enhancing Static Noise Margins (SNM). The FinFET-based design enables better leakage control and reduced short-channel effects, making the SRAM cell highly suitable for low-power applications. A comprehensive simulation is carried out in Cadence Spectre, and performance is evaluated across key metrics such as Read/Write Delay, SNM, and power consumption. Comparative analysis with conventional 6T, 10T, SE10T, and ST10T SRAM cells reveals that the proposed 11T design offers superior performance in terms of energy efficiency, stability, and delay. The results confirm that the cell is robust for near-threshold voltage applications and scalable for future low-power VLSI designs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SRAM, FinFET, Static Noise Margin, Low-Power Design, 11T SRAM Cell, Read/Write Delay, Memory Stability

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Galo is one of the largest tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India. This tribe has a unique Village traditional Village Known as 'Keba' which is responsible for the indigenous administration of justice since time immemorial. T.Riba, 2003, in his book "The Tribals and Their Changing Environment", has mentioned it as an important institution which settles the community disputes in democratic patterns. Apart from settling the disputes, it has other remarkable functions which include administrative, developmental and social responsibilities. The function of the Keba is based on the customary rules or beliefs which have been practiced in Galo society since time immemorial. All the decisions are taken on the basis of the customary laws which are understood as the directives or the guidelines for the people to act accordingly in a particular place or situation. So, the customary law play crucial role in maintaining organized society among the Galo people of Arunachal Pradesh.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Keba is the indigenous old age institution which functions on the basis of the established principles or set of rules which is commonly called as the customary laws. This customary law is neither codified nor written documents but it resides in the memories of the people specially the priests and the elders.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition