Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a teaching approach that helps students learn a subject and a new language at the same time. It allows students to improve their language skills while understanding different academic subjects. This article discusses the definition, purpose, benefits, and important theories that support CLIL.The main purpose of CLIL is to create an environment where students can develop both their language abilities and subject knowledge together. It gives students the opportunity to use the language naturally in real situations, making learning more meaningful and useful.CLIL offers many benefits. It improves students' language skills, helps them develop better thinking and problem-solving abilities, and keeps them motivated. It also prepares them for global opportunities by helping them become multilingual and understand different cultures.The theories behind CLIL include the 4Cs Framework, scaffolding, and multiple intelligences. These theories explain that students can learn better when the teaching focuses on content, communication, thinking skills, and cultural understanding. Scaffolding helps students by giving them support until they can learn independently. Overall, CLIL is an effective and useful teaching approach that helps students grow in both academic and language areas. It makes learning active, meaningful, and connected to real-life situations.

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Keywords: CLIL, Language learning, Subject knowledge, Scaffolding, Cognitive development, 4Cs Framework.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a significant global health challenge, contributing to over five million deaths annually worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescribing patterns and analyze the antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of isolated organisms. Methods:A Prospective observational study was conducted over a six-month period in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and surgical departments. A total of 102 patients were included in the study, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Daily clinical evaluations were performed to monitor patient prognosis, and antibiotic-prescribed cases were systematically analyzed during ward rounds to identify trends in prescribing patterns. In addition, microbiological data, such as culture reports and antibiotic sensitivity patterns, were collected and analyzed to determine the effectiveness of various antibiotics against different pathogens. Results:Analysis of antibiotic prescribing patterns revealed that cephalosporins were the most frequently prescribed class (31.6%), followed by carbapenems (18.7%) and penicillins (15.5%). Among the patient samples, 43 cultures exhibited positive microbial growth and were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing. Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate, accounting for 48.8% of the total. Sensitivity testing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited the highest sensitivity to netilmicin (67%). E. coli isolates were most sensitive to nitrofurantoin (100%), followed by imipenem (95%) and meropenem (95%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed 100% sensitivity to cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefepime, imipenem, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Overall, netilmicin (90%) demonstrated the highest sensitivity across all isolates, followed by cefoperazone/sulbactam (87%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (85%). Conclusion:These findings highlight the critical need for ongoing surveillance and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote the rational use of antibiotics and improve clinical outcomes in critical care and surgical settings.

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Antimicrobial resistance, Prescribing patterns, Rational drug use, Drug utilization, Sensitivity pattern.

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The poultry sector in India has become a crucial part of the agricultural landscape, playing a vital role in the economy, job creation, and food security. Driven by a rising consumer appetite for protein-rich foods, particularly poultry, the industry has seen significant expansion over recent decades. This paper analyses the current state of India's poultry sector, highlighting growth trends, challenges, and new opportunities. It delves into the technological innovations, regulatory policies, and supply chain dynamics that have influenced the sector's evolution. Additionally, the research addresses critical issues such as disease outbreaks, inefficiencies in the supply chain, and environmental challenges that threaten its sustainable development. The paper offers strategic recommendations for stakeholders including policymakers and producers to tackle these issues and promote the industry's long-term viability. By assessing both local and international trends, the study provides a thorough insight into the industry's future in light of changing consumer demands and environmental factors.

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Poultry Industry, Growth Patterns, Economic Impact and Food Security.

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Industrial environmental monitoring using LoRa technology enhances safety and efficiency by wirelessly tracking key parameters. The system uses sensors to monitor temperature, gas leaks, water flow, and pH levels, ensuring safe operations and water quality. Data from these sensors is processed by a microcontroller and transmitted using LoRa, known for its long-range, low-power communication. This allows reliable data transfer across wide industrial areas. The received data is displayed in real-time on a dashboard or LCD screen. Continuous monitoring enables quick detection of anomalies like gas leaks or temperature spikes. This smart system ensures rapid response and improved operational control over the hazardous environments in the industrial sites which helps to react quick from any environmental changes swiftly to save the people in the area from getting affected. By leveraging LoRa technology, this system ensures efficient and reliable monitoring, enhancing both safety and operational efficiency

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Smart Monitoring, IoT, LoRa, Node MCU, Industrial safety, Long-range Monitoring, Low power consuming.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The discussion of astro-ethics is fundamentally a part of applied ethics. Because it involves the philosophical engagement with and normative evaluation of novel & concrete moral challenges arising from humanity's expanding presence beyond Earth, such as those concerning the exploration of outer space, the potential existence of non-terrestrial life, the stewardship of the celestial environment & equitable use of extraterrestrial resources. The discussion of astro-ethics is usually not talked about too much in philosophy. Yet, this discussion is very much beneficial from the philosophical perspective because it enables us to think about right & wrong in new areas, changes how we understand our responsibilities & prepares us to deal with the big ethical or moral questions that come with exploring & living in space. This article explores various key aspects of astro-ethics, such as - its nature, origin, and related ethical guidelines, etc. This article explores certain ethical deficiencies within the domain of astro-ethics and seeks to deepen their philosophical significance by situating them within the framework of some philosophical theories, such as environmental ethics, deep ecology, Rawlsian ethics, Mill's utilitarianism and Kantian ethics, thereby enriching the discourse with broader normative perspectives. Thus, it can be said that this discussion holds philosophical originality while also bearing significant practical relevance, bridging philosophical inquiry with real-world ethical implications.

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astro-ethics, outer space, ethical deficiency, environmental ethics, deep ecology, Rawlsian ethics, Kantian ethics, Mill's utilitarianism, philosophical originality, practical relevance.

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Embelia tsjeriam-cottam, commonly referred to as Vidanga, is a climbing shrub indigenous to the Western Ghats region of India and belongs to the Myrsinaceae plant family. It is highly regarded in traditional medicine for its wide range of healing benefits, notably its anti-fertility, anti-estrogenic, and anti-parasitic properties. The plant is rich in active compounds, especially embelin, a phenolic substance recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Although its fruit is not commonly consumed, it contains a high concentration of beneficial phytochemicals. Due to its close resemblance in appearance and medicinal uses, Embelia tsjeriam-cottam is often mistaken for Embelia ribes and is sometimes called "False Black Pepper" because of its similarity to Piper nigrum. Modern pharmaceutical studies highlight its potential in managing conditions like inflammation, bacterial infections, diabetes, and liver disorders. However, environmental threats to its native habitat make its conservation an urgent concern

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Embelia tsjeriam-cottam ,Embelin , Phytochemicals, Traditional medicine

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In disaster-stricken areas, the ability to rapidly locate survivors and deliver essential aid can significantly influence survival rates and recovery efforts. However, traditional search and rescue (SAR) operations are often hindered by inaccessible terrain, hazardous conditions, and the time-sensitive nature of emergency response. To address these challenges, this paper presents the design and development of an autonomous drone system tailored for SAR missions. The proposed drone integrates a Pixhawk 6C flight controller, GPS navigation module, high-definition Wi-Fi camera, and Mission Planner software to enable autonomous flight, real-time aerial surveillance, and precise payload delivery. The system is capable of executing missions with minimal human intervention while providing live telemetry and video feedback to ground teams. Field tests conducted in controlled environments demonstrate the drone's reliability, accuracy, and endurance under simulated disaster conditions. This research highlights the potential of UAV technology to enhance emergency response efficiency, reduce operational risks, and deliver critical supplies swiftly in regions where traditional methods fall short.

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Autonomous Navigation, Disaster Management, Pixhawk 6C, Search and Rescue Drones, UAVs.

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Closed captioning is essential for making video content accessible to people with hearing impairments, but manual transcription can be time-consuming and costly. AI and Machine Learning (ML) have introduced automated solutions that enhance the efficiency and accuracy of closed captioning. Using deep learning models for speech recognition and natural language processing (NLP), AI systems can generate precise captions in real time. This approach addresses challenges like noisy audio and varying accents, offering a scalable solution that improves accessibility and user experience across diverse multimedia platforms.

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Closed Captioning, OpenAI, Natural language Processing (NLP), Machine learning (ML), Whisper

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India possesses the most substantial livestock population globally. To satisfy both current and anticipated demands of the expanding human demographic, it is imperative to adopt innovative strategies to fulfill the input requirements to produce livestock and their derived products. Although India ranks first in the world regarding milk production and bovine population, the average productivity still necessitates enhancement; this may be attributable to a suboptimal nutritional status resulting from inadequate availability of high-quality fodder and feed. Consequently, there has been a concerted effort to identify alternative sources of superior-quality unconventional feed and fodder to facilitate efficient livestock production. In the quest for substitutes to traditional concentrates and fodder/feed for various animal species, a remarkable plant known as azolla has emerged, which holds significant promise as a sustainable feed source for livestock. Given that azolla encompasses the majority of nutrients requisite for all categories of livestock, including poultry and fish, it can be administered to these animals without any detrimental effects. Numerous studies have indicated that the incorporation of azolla in the diets of dairy cows can enhance milk production by 15 to 20 percent.

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Azolla, livestock, cow feed, azolla production, sustainable

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Traditional attendance systems are inefficient, time-consuming, and susceptible to manipulation. This paper presents an automated, contactless attendance monitoring system using face recognition technology. The system employs Haar Cascade Classifier for face detection and the LBPH algorithm for face recognition. Developed using Python, OpenCV, and MySQL, this solution captures student images, trains a recognition model, detects faces in real time, and logs attendance in a structured database. Experimental results show promising accuracy under controlled environments, making this a scalable and efficient alternative to manual systems

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no

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition