Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Polyethylene (PE) waste in municipal landfills is a major pollutant, yet the indigenous microbial consortia capable of its degradation are poorly characterized. In this study, we performed a comprehensive shotgun metagenomic analysis of microbial communities from three Indian landfill sites (Okhla, Ghazipur, and Pirana) using publicly available sequence datasets (SRA/ENA). Reads were quality-controlled (Trimmomatic, FastQC) and taxonomically profiled (Kraken2); taxa of interest were cross-referenced against NCBI, BacDive, MBGD, and Ensembl Bacteria to identify known and putative PE-degrading bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study explicitly exploring PE-degradation potential via metagenomics at the Okhla and Ghazipur landfills. We found that the Okhla landfill community was dominated by Actinobacteria (~48.5% of bacterial reads), notably Streptomyces and Saccharomonospora. Across sites, several genera previously linked to polymer degradation were detected, including Saccharomonospora, Streptomyces (Actinobacteria), Rhodococcus (particularly R. erythropolis), and Cupriavidus (e.g., C. campinensis). Overall, the prevalence of these taxa and enzymes suggests that Indian landfill microbiomes harbor significant plastic-degrading capacity. These findings provide a foundation for bioremediation strategies and the discovery of novel plastic-degrading enzymes from landfill microbial communities.

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 Keywords

Keywords: polyethylene degradation, landfill microbiome, metagenomics, plastic pollution, Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, Saccharomonospora, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, microbial consortia, environmental biotechnology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM), Soft Tissue Manipulation, Manual Therapy, Myofascial Release Techniques, Tissue Remodelling

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Musculoskeletal dysfunctions such as sacroiliac joint pain, hip instability, and hamstring cramping are often linked to gluteus maximus weakness and impaired lumbopelvic stability. Gluteus Maximus Activation (GMA) has emerged as a therapeutic intervention to restore neuromuscular control, enhance force closure, and improve functional outcomes in various clinical populations. This critical review aimed to bridge the gap in existing literature and assess the clinical efficacy of GMA in managing musculoskeletal conditions. An extensive search was conducted through PubMed, EBSCO, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2025. The inclusion criteria covered randomized controlled trials, comparative studies, pre-post experimental designs, case reports, case series and systematic review in English that evaluated GMA interventions. A total of 7 studies met the eligibility criteria: two randomized controlled trials, one comparative study, one pre-post experimental study, one case series, one systematic review, and one case report. All studies demonstrated positive therapeutic outcomes, including reductions in pain, improvements in pelvic and hip biomechanics, functional mobility, and neuromuscular coordination. The results suggest that GMA may be effective across a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. However, heterogeneity in methodologies and outcome measures, along with the limited number of high-quality RCTs, restricts strong conclusions. Further research with standardized protocols and larger sample sizes is warranted to validate the long-term efficacy and comparative advantage of GMA over other interventions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Gluteus Maximus Activation, Lumbopelvic Stability, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Core Strengthening, Rehabilitation, Review

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) has emerged as a transformative material in the construction industry, offering enhanced performance properties compared to conventional concrete. This study comprehensively reviews the applications and benefits of GFRC in modern construction practices. Through analysis of existing literature and case studies, this paper explores how GFRC provides superior tensile strength, crack resistance, durability, and design flexibility while reducing overall structural weight. The review examines GFRC's growing implementation in architectural facades, precast elements, restoration projects, and sustainable construction. Findings indicate that GFRC delivers significant advantages in terms of structural performance, aesthetic versatility, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability, positioning it as an increasingly valuable solution for contemporary construction challenges despite certain limitations related to cost and specialized production requirements.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Glass fiber reinforced concrete, modern construction, sustainability, architectural applications, durability, lightweight structures

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Herbal face gels are gaining popularity in skincare for their lightweight, non-greasy formulations that provide hydration and various skin benefits without the heaviness of creams or lotions. The main goal was to develop a multipurpose skincare gel that offers antioxidant benefits along with anti-aging, anti-hyperpigmentation and hydrating properties while having fewer negative effects than synthetic products. Here the key ingredients such as wheatgerm oil, liquorice and aloe vera were combined to create the formulation in a gel base consisting of Tween 80 (emulsifier), glycerine (humectant) and Carbopol 940 (gelling agent), stabilized with tartaric acid and sodium benzoate as preservatives. The gel's pH was set between 5.5 and 6.5 to guarantee skin compatibility. Three formulations were made by slightly varying the concentration of the ingredients and organoleptic characteristics such as appearance, texture and spreadability, as well as pH, stability and antioxidant property, were assessed for the gel. The second formulation had an optimal pH, silky consistency and excellent spreadability and homogeneity. It had a smooth, non-sticky texture with off-white appearance that was perfect for topical application. Thus according to the findings, the second formulation was found to be the most reliable, safe and effective skincare product that works well for a variety of skin types.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Key words: Herbal face gel, Wheatgerm oil, Aloe vera, Liquorice extract, Anti-Hyperigmentation, Antioxidant, Skincare.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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eq[; 'kCn%& LokLF;] lkekftd] laosxkRed] 'kSf{kd] lek;kstu] vkRe fu;ked

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The events and experiences that humans experience in life are formed into literature. They are able to express human emotions. Literature is an attempt to impress the speaker's opinion on the listener's mind. In this way, Sangam literature describes the feelings of the people of the Sangam period with an aesthetic sense. Poets have used many techniques in their songs. Interjections have been used in Natrinai, which derives from one of the parts of Agapporul 'Thinai' and the prefix 'Nal'. Interjections are located in Natrinai songs in a way that explains the poet's opinions. The purpose of this study is to explain the fields such as varaivu kadavuthal, leader addressing the chariot driver, vayil maruthal through interjections used in Nattrinai.

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Isai Nirai, Asai Nirai, Tatham Kurippil Porul Tharuvana, Mo, Mathi, Thil, Koll, Eetru, Amma, A, Kurai, Varaivukkadavuthal, Vaail Maruthal.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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financial leverage, DuPont analysis, ratio analysis, profitability, operational efficiency, asset turnover, cost control, and Return on Equity (ROE) for AI Airport Services Limited

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The focus of the present study is to develop and characterize mouth dissolving tablet of Erlotinib hydrochloride. Erlotinib Hydrochloride, a strong antineoplastic drug utilized in the treatment of numerous cancers, presents significant formulation difficulties due to its poor water solubility and unpleasant taste. This research focuses on the development and characterization of a mouth dissolving tablet (MDT) formulation of Erlotinib Hydrochloride aimed at raising patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy. The formulation employs a ?-cyclodextrin inclusion complex established via the method of kneading to minimize the drug's unpleasantness and improve its solubility. The optimized complex, with a drug-to-?-cyclodextrin ratio of 1:2, was incorporated into MDTs using the direct compression technique. Comprehensive pre-compression evaluations, including measurements of bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, and angle of repose, were performed to ensure suitable powder flow. Post-compression parameters such as tablet weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time (goal <30 seconds), and in vitro dissolution (evaluated in phosphate buffer 7.4, pH 7.4) were subsequently examined. Characterization tests, including UV and FTIR analysis, confirmed the effective development of the inclusion complex without any chemical interaction between the drug and excipients.The optimized formulation exhibited rapid disintegration, satisfactory mechanical strength, and an enhanced dissolution profile compared to the pure drug, thereby demonstrating effective solubility improve and improved bioavailability. For mask the inedible taste of drug ?-cyclodextrin inclusion complex prepared and additionally added the polymer Kyron T-314 that act as a taste masking agent and also superdisintegrant. These findings suggest that the developed mouth dissolving tablet of Erlotinib Hydrochloride is a promising dosage form for cancer therapy, particularly for patients with swallowing difficulties. Future work will maybe involve scale-up studies and in vivo evaluation to further validate the clinical potential of this formulation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Erlotinib Hydrochloride; ?-cyclodextrin inclusion complex; Kyron T-314; Mouth Dissolving Tablet.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The current study was carried out with the aim to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from various milk samples collected from different area of Akola and Khamgoan and determine the antibiogram pattern of S. aureus isolates. in this study, the hygiene of milk product containers was significantly associated with the occurrence of S. aureus due to the poor-quality milk product containers used (30.77%). The prolonged use of poor-quality plastic materials for handling milk products was common in milk collection centers and among farmers presenting milk products to the markets. Utensils used for milking and storage determine the safety of milk and milk products. The current study was carried out with the total 20 milk samples collected from home, daries of different areas of Khamgoan and Akola. The identification of Staphylococcus aureus in the given sample is based on their morphological characteristics. Staphylococcus aureus was frequently encountered from milk samples.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Milk, Microbial contamination, Spoilage Public, health risks, Pathogens, Salmonella, Brucella, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Antibiotic resistance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition