Volume 12 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The present study evaluated the impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme on employment and income generation in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. Since the performance of the district in implementation of MNREGS has been lauded, therefore, it was felt imperative to examine the impact of scheme on employment, income and consumption pattern of beneficiaries and to see whether it has been able to uplift the living standards of the people or not. The primary data were collected from 120 beneficiaries selected randomly in Prathipadu Manadal of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. The results indicated that all the mandatory guidelines of the scheme were found to be followed properly except for the provision of 100 days of employment and payment of wages on weekly basis to the workers.

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 Keywords

: MGNREGA, Impact on Employment, Savings, Family Income

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The paperexplores different types of security layers, information security issuesin libraries. The paper discusses on different types of Information security threats like unauthorised access, data privacy, Phishing Attacks, Network security issues, malware attacks etc..that are encountered by the selected engineering college libraries in the state of Telangana.The data collected from 330 respondents from select engineering college libraries. The study highlight the critical need for strategic information security practices tailored to the unique environment of libraries.The Prominent security measures adopted by the libraries was Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 212 (64.24%), Bio-Metric 71 (21.32%), Bio-Metric Face Recognition 34 (10.30%), CCTV 13 (3.94%) to identify the library users.The other Prominent Information Security problems encountered by the libraries was Data Privacy 114 (34.55%), Un Authorised Access 103 (31.21%), Network Security Issues 85 (26%), Phishing Attacks 88 (27%), Access Control 105 (32%) problems faced by the users in the libraries. There is a need for regular update of security protocol and continuous training programs for all the stakeholders like library users, staff members to create awareness and strategic management to safeguard information security in the libraries.

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Information Security, Digital Assets Security, Identity Access, Password Security, Data security, Security issues in library.

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Bacillus megaterium has been extensively studied as a biofungicide, biofertilizer, enhancer in plant growth, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and broad-spectrum biocontrol agent in the agriculture industry. They are environmentally valuable, avirulent to humans and animals, have minor generation time, simple nutritional requirements, and robust stress resistance, and are mostly in agriculture. Due to their biocontrol ability against pathogens, they frequently appear in rhizospheres and phylloplanes owing to their capability to endure and flourish in different environments and have revealed the possibility to hinder the growth of plant diseases, happening on both the roots and aerial parts of the plant. This review highlights the immense potential of B. megaterium for a range of biotechnological applications by offering a thorough overview of the biocontrol abilities and techniques for protein production, and the wide range of commercially significant products obtained from this bacterium.

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 Keywords

Priestia megaterium, Biocontrol ability, Cell disruption, Protein extraction, estimation, purification, Commercial uses

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Through the use of machine learning algorithms, automation in farming and agriculture enhances agricultural operations while advancing productivity and sustainability. This research looks at how various agricultural industries use methods of unsupervised and supervised learning. Models for estimating agricultural production are created using methods such as linear regression, which can help with data-driven choice making and allocate resources optimization. Plant diseases, pests, and deficits are automatically identified using artificial intelligence and deep machine learning techniques, allowing for timely intervention. Climatic information as well as soil analysis are used by clustering algorithms for recommending the best crops and farming practices. The goal of the project is to advance smart and environmentally conscious farming techniques by examining how machine learning may expedite agricultural operations, maximize resource consumption, and decrease adverse environmental effects.

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machine learning, agriculture, artificial intelligence, precision farming, robotics, automation, and sustainability

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The relative powers of these three branches are specified in our country's constitution. The principle of theory of separation of powers governs these three pillars. According to this theory, each organ of the government is independent of the other organ and functions without any interference from the other. However, in Indian context, since there exists no rigid separation of power, the functions of these organs overlap to some extent. As a result, the balance of powers between these three pillars of governance holds utmost importance. In the present environment, the concept of balance of power though nowhere expressly enshrined is more than just a philosophical ideal, but rather a practical notion that determines the form and organization of governments' day-to-day operations. As a result, the purpose of this thesis is to examine the concept of balance of powers, both in theory and in reality. Starting with the brief history of the doctrine and various aspects of its establishment, this thesis further highlights the doctrine's applicability as per constitutional provisions of the United States and the United Kingdom and then contrasts the two nations' practices with those of India. The researcher goes on to discuss the various articles of the Indian constitution while doing so. In addition, the researcher draws their conclusions on the inconsistencies between the constitutional design and the actual application of the doctrine, based on particular land-marking events, court proclamations, and the views of prominent jurists. Finally, the thesis emphasizes that the doctrine of a balance of powers though seldom implemented in its absolute form, is recognized as a fundamental part of the formation and functioning of most governments across the globe.

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 Keywords

Balance, Power, Judiciary, Legislative, Justice System

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The objective of this paper is to explore and simulate an antenna design, a crucial aspect influencing technological progress in wireless communication. The abstract for a 5G antenna design project may emphasize the pivotal role of antennas in facilitating the evolution of wireless communication to the next level. This study focuses on analyzing and modeling a Microstrip patch antenna designed to operate at 28 GHz, with a view towards future 5G communication technologies. The research incorporates the utilization of substrates and parabolic reflectors in antenna construction. Each type of antenna exhibits distinct characteristics tailored to specific applications. In the realm of contemporary technology, the utilization of fifth generation (5G) networks is rapidly expanding, offering diverse services like medical treatment and remote control of industrial machinery. Utilizing the Rogers RT/Duroid5880 antenna with a dielectric substrate of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.3451 mm, simulations revealed key metrics including a return loss of -38.348 dB, a gain of 8.198 dB, a radiation efficiency of 77%, and a side lobe level of -18.3 dB. This underscores the significance of phased array antennas in the advancing domain of 5G technology.

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 Keywords

Antenna design, Microstrip patch antenna, 5G technology, Phased array antennas, Rogers RT/Duroid5880, High-frequency operation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Benzotriazole and its derivatives are incredible because of their widespread applications, particularly in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Several synthetic techniques are accessible, including the conventional Pinner reaction, the Sandmeyer reaction, and metal-catalyzed processes, demonstrating the versatility of creating diverse benzotriazole derivatives. This article summarises the synthetic processes and antibacterial characteristics of benzotriazole derivatives. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of benzotriazole derivatives against various infectious organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is examined. Benzotriazole compounds have strong antibacterial properties, making them promising candidates for future research in the battle against infectious illnesses. This study summarises the developments of benzotriazole compounds as potential antimicrobial and antiviral activity.

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Benzotriazole; antimicrobial activity; antiviral activity; antibacterial.

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In present investigation, heamotoxic effects of fluoride were noticed in freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis after exposing to sublethal concentrations (35 mg F/ L and 70 mg F/L) of fluoride for 15, 30 and 45 days. For this intention routine haematological parameters like total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin content (Hb), PCV%, erythrocyte indices, blood clotting time and O2 carrying capacity were estimated. The findings of present study revealed that the fluoride had a negative impact on haematological parameters of Heteropneustes fossilis. The fish H. fossilis showed a significant decrease in TEC, Hb %, and PCV % while significant increase in WBC count in all exposure durations and concentrations at different level of significant ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001). The erythrocyte indices like MCV, MCH and MCHC values were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in fluoride exposed fishes (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). This might be due to the possible disruption of haemopoietic tissue or impairment of liver and kidney functions. Significant increase in blood clotting time and decreased O2 carrying capacity were also noticed in present study. Based on the results, we conclude that fluoride is toxic to Heteropneustes fossilis and its occurrence in the environment may threaten the health of aquatic species.

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Keywords: Fluoride toxicity, Haematological parameters, Blood clotting, O2 carrying capacity, Stinging catfish Fish, Heteropneustes fossilis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indian political system, Comparative politics, Democracy, Federalism, Parliamentary system, multi-party system, Electoral systems, Political institutions, Socio-cultural factors, Governance, Political representation, public accountability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Skin cancer is one of the most devastating cancers of the present decade. Non- melanoma skin cancers include basal cell carcinoma( BCC), actinic Keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). Treatment of these are done by using non-invasive methods. Some treatments for non-melanoma carcinoma are such as surgery, cryosurgery, curettage electron section and radiotherapy. BCC arises from uncontrolled proliferation of basal cells which is the foundational layer of the epidermis. Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, stands as the primary culprit, triggering mutations which disrupt normal cell growth control. Some other contributing factors include genetic predisposition, fair complexion, immunosuppression, and certain syndromes. Food and Drug administration approved various molecular targeting therapies which include Hedgehog inhibitors for BCC, monoclonal antibodies targeting anti-programmed death ligand-1 and anti programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) for MCC and anti-PD-1 for cSCC. Squamous cell carcinoma manifests as diverse skin lesions, commonly appearing on sun-exposed areas like the head, neck, ears, and arms. Early lesions may present as scaly red patches, thick and rough skin, or open sores. Advanced tumors can grow larger which form nodules or ulcerative lesions that may bleed or crust. Diagnosis of SCC involves a combination of clinical examination, dermoscopy, and biopsy. Histopathological analysis confirms the presence and type of squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment depends on various factors like tumor size, location, depth. Surgical excision remains the mainstay, with Mohs micrographic surgery which offering high cure rates for specific cases. Other methods include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and cryotherapy. Metastatic SCC may require systemic therapy with targeted drugs or immunotherapy. Untreated SCC can grow locally that invade deeper tissues, and potentially metastasize to regional lymph nodes or distant organs.

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 Keywords

Skin Cancer, Melanoma, Non-melanoma, Basal cell carcinoma(BCC), Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), Cryosurgery, Radiotherapy, Monoclonal antibodies, Anti programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), Anti-PD-1, Histopathological analysis, Mohs surgery.

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