Volume 11 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based technologies have quickly transformed practically every business, including "Smart Agriculture," which has switched from statistical to quantitative methods. Such radical developments are upending traditional agricultural practises and opening up new opportunities alongside a number of difficulties. This research demonstrates the promise of wireless sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture as well as the difficulties that will inevitably arise when integrating this technology with conventional farming methods. In-depth analysis is done on IoT devices and communication methods related to wireless sensors used in agriculture applications. The available sensors for various agricultural applications, including soil moisture, humidity, and plant development, are listed. We explain how this technology benefits farmers at all stages of crop production, from sowing to harvesting.

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 Keywords

Smart agriculture, IOT(Internet of Things, Sensors

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Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDDS), commonly referred to as "patches", are medication dosage forms intended to disperse a therapeutically adequate dose of medication across the skin of patient. It is necessary to consider the complete morphological, biophysical, and physicochemical characteristics of the skin in order to transfer medical substance through the skin of humans for systemic effects. By improving patient compliance and avoiding first pass metabolism, respectively, transdermal administration offers a competitive advantage over injectables and oral methods. Transdermal delivery not only allows for continuous infusion of medication with brief biological half-lives but also avoids pulsed entrance into the systemic circulation, which frequently results in unfavourable side effects. The TDDS review papers offer insightful data on the assessment of transdermal drug delivery system. A transdermal drug delivery system stands out among the new non-invasive administration methods that have recently emerged as alternatives to traditional needle injection because of its low rate of patient rejection, exceptional ease of administration, and exceptional patient convenience and adherence. The skin care sector, including cosmetics, as well as the pharmaceutical industry may be able to use TDDS. This strategy can prevent local drug concentration builds up and non-specific drug delivery to tissue that are not the drugs target tissues because it primarily involves local administration. Nevertheless, despite countless studies being done to find a way around this bottleneck, the physicochemical characteristics of the skin translate to several challenges and limitations in transdermal distribution.

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Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS), First-generation TDS, Second-generation TDS, Polymer Matrix, skin, active or passive method, characterization

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Urban runoff increases significantly due to increased impervious area and reduced drainage network. Evaluation of land use in urban area plays a vital role as input to estimation of runoff. The hydrological design standard for water resource planning and management is commonly based on frequency of occurrence of heavy rainfall events. In the area of vithalwadi the life and properties are under the threat of flooding due to heavy rainfall within frequent time interval. In the present study, the occurrence of most frequent heavy rainfall event is investigated for Kathimanavli area, located near the Vithalwadi Railway Station in the State of Maharashtra, India and used for estimation of run off depth . The land use detail for the study area was obtained by integration of GIS and remote sensing. The spatial variation of event rainfall is considered with certain percentage of deviation from base rainfall for each triangle area that contributes to the run-off. The results of the analysis indicate that the study area can produce the run-off volume more than the present condition for water management at an average seasonal rainfall the canal already present, by maintaining the velocity of flow throughout the canal and drain out water into Ulhas river. Keywords: Hydrology, Runoff, Waterlogging.

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 Keywords

Waterlogging methodology QGIS applications rational method flood estimation kerby method Design of canal

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Part of Speech (POS) tagging refers to the process of classifying each morpheme, including punctuation marks, in a particular text document according to the context. An important first step in natural language processing is the parts of speech tagging (POS) process (NLP). To tag each word in the corpus with its appropriate parts of speech is its goal. Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, and adverb are the fundamental POS tags, among others. POS tags are required for speech recognition and analysis, machine translation, lexical analysis such as word sense disambiguation, named entity recognition, information retrieval, and this system also assisted opinion mining by revealing the sentiments of a given text. POS taggers are also lacking in many Indian languages because basic resources like corpora and morphological analyzers are still being researched and developed. The following section of this research proposes a probabilistic Hidden Markov Model-based POS tagger for Gujarati. In order to reduce ambiguity and misclassification rates, the hidden Markov model predicts the hidden sequence based on the highest observation likelihood. A variety of POS tags at the word level make up the model that was tested using sample input text data.

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Indian Languages, POS tagging, Hidden Markov Model, Probabilistic approach

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The complex stratum corneum barrier is the main obstacle to the transdermal administration of medicines. Modern lipid-based nanosystems, in particular transethosomes, have the capacity to penetrate the stratum corneum's dense network. They have demonstrated to be an effective technique for the transportation of medicines. Transethosomes(TELs) are composed of phospholipid, ethanol, water and edge activator(surfactants) or permeation enhancer(oleic acid). Delivering medication molecules into the circulation is made possible by the softness and flexibility that ethanol and edge activator both offer. Various techniques involved in the formulation of transethosomes are Cold method, Hot method, Thin film hydration method and Mechanical dispersion method. Compared to other vesicular systems, transethosomes have small particle sizes and are easily able to change the shape of vesicles, allowing them to pass through the layers of skin. The characterization of vesicles include Size of the particle and surface charge, Trasmission Electron microscopy, determination of entrapment efficiency, surface morphology study, interaction study by DSC and FTIR, drug content and stability of vesicles. These vesicular system can be used for transdermal delivery of various drugs such as NSAIDS, antifungal, antibiotics, antiparkinsonism, antiviral etc., In this review, the applications, challenging problems, and potential future developments of transethosomes were examined along with their nature, methods of preparation, and evaluation parameters.

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Vesicular system, Liposome, Ethosomes, Transferosomes, Transethosomes.

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Topical drug delivery has several advantages such as avoids systemic toxicity, prolonged action, controlled drug release, higher loading capacity. The objective of this work to formulate nanoemulgel of thyme, clove and tea tree oil to treat acne. Developed Formulation was characterized for physical evaluation spreadability, extrudability, drug content and in- vitro drug diffusion study. The nanoemulgel was clear and transparent indicating the dissolution of drug in base. The maximum % drug content was found to be 99.04% which is within acceptable range. The nanoemulgel prepared by this method meets the quality requirement of nanoemulgel and may be developed as new formulation of combined drugs.

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Thymus Vulgaris, Syzygium Aromaticum, Melaleuca Alternifolia, Acne cream, Emulgel.

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In this paper our main interest is to introduce a new type of generalized open sets defined in terms of an operation on a generalized topological space. We have studied some properties of this newly defined sets. As an application, we have introduced some weak separation axioms and discussed some of their properties. Finally, we have studied some preservation theorems in terms of some irresolute functions.

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PROPERTIES OF G?? OPEN-SEPARATION AXIOMS IN TOPOLOGY

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This research paper explores the challenges and suggestions for the implementation of the National Education Policy 2020 in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. The NEP 2020 is a comprehensive reform policy aimed at transforming the education system in India, with a focus on holistic and multidisciplinary education, experiential learning, technology integration, and skill development. However, the implementation of the policy faces challenges such as inadequate capacity, resources, and infrastructure. The paper offers suggestions for addressing these challenges, including capacity building, stakeholder engagement, monitoring and evaluation, resource mobilization, local adaptation, collaboration with the central government, and more. Overall, the paper highlights the potential for the NEP 2020 to transform the education system in Himachal Pradesh if effectively implemented.

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National Education Policy 2020, implementation, Himachal Pradesh, challenges, suggestions, education reform.

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AWS which stands for Amazon Web Service, is expanding its DynamoDB and IoT Core lab. The device simulator will upload Body Temperature, Heart Rate, and SpO2 (Oxygen Saturation) data to the cloud (IoT Core DynamoDB), then compile the data and look for anomalies. IoT Core lab's early phase of the project. Heart rate and oxygen saturation will be published by the IOT device, and the device simulator code can accelerate the values to be done.

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HealthCare, IOT, Monitor, Heart, Oxygen, AWS, DynamoDB

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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To treat localized and systemic infections, topical drug delivery is an effective drug delivery method. There are multiple dosage forms for topical drugs, including creams, ointments, gels, pastes, and lotions. Major disadvantages of gel are the delivery of hydrophobic drug. This can be overcome by Emulgels. Emulgel is the term referring to the dosage form made by combining gels and emulsions. Emulgel is an interesting topical drug delivery system as it has dual release control system, i.e., gel and emulsion. Emulgels are thixotropic, greaseless, easily spreadable, easily washable, emollient, non-staining, having long shelf life, transparent, and have a pleasing appearance, which are all beneficial for dermatological use. Emulgel is used to treat aches and pains caused by injuries, arthritis, headaches, muscle aches, backaches, and other conditions. Hence, emulgels can be used as better topical drug delivery system over present systems. This review gives knowledge about emulgel including its properties, advantages, and formulation considerations.

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 Keywords

Emulgel, Emulsifier, Gel, Topical Drug Delivery

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition