Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This paper examines India's evolving role in climate diplomacy within major international environmental agreements, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement. It explores how India negotiates the tension between developmental priorities and increasing global expectations for climate mitigation. The study adopts a qualitative research approach based on secondary data, policy analysis, and academic literature. It argues that India's climate diplomacy has transitioned from a defensive, equity-based position to a more strategic and implementation-oriented approach. However, domestic political economy constraints--particularly coal dependence, energy demand, and financial limitations--continue to shape India's negotiation stance. The study further highlights that India's emphasis on climate justice and equity remains central to its diplomatic identity and contributes significantly to global climate governance debates. The paper concludes that India's effectiveness in future climate diplomacy will depend on its ability to align domestic implementation with international commitments while strengthening its leadership through institutional and coalition-based initiatives.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Climate Diplomacy, India, UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, Climate Justice, CBDR, Energy Transition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the linguistically diverse areas, access to basic healthcare information is scarce as it is affected by language barriers, delayed medical care, and unavailable digital support tools. This paper presents a multilingual healthcare assistant for preliminary symptom guidance, emergency severity assessment, and nearby hospital discovery across Indian languages. The system combines a web-based interface with machine learning models and rule-based reasoning to provide reliable and safety-aware answers. It has various Indian languages that allow interaction with users of different backgrounds. The architecture is a React based frontend with Fast API based backend, which guarantees scalable and real-time performance. Experimental evaluation demonstrated 90% symptom classification accuracy, 0.88 macro F1-score, and end-to-end response latency below 320 ms. It is a non-diagnostic design system and is focused on emergency escalation during the high-risk situations. Findings suggest that with the use of multilingual AI-based assistants in healthcare, preliminary healthcare support can be substantially more accessible and responsive.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multilingual Healthcare, Symptom Analysis, Emergency Severity Classification, Machine Learning, Conversational Systems, Healthcare Accessibility

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

MilkRoute is a browser-based Progressive Web Application designed to digitize milk collection and payment workflows for rural dairy operations. It enables field agents to record milk entries with quality parameters (FAT, SNF, volume), automate grading, and process UPI-based payments in real time. The system supports multi-route collection, village tracking, and Bluetooth-enabled milk analyzer integration for accurate data capture. It also provides analytics dashboards for monitoring collection trends, payments, and quality distribution. Built using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, MilkRoute operates fully on the client side, making it suitable for low-connectivity environments. The solution offers a scalable, cost-effective approach to modernizing last-mile dairy management.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: MilkRoute, Milk Collection Management, Rural Dairy Cooperative, Progressive Web App, UPI Payment, Bluetooth Milk Analyzer, FAT/SNF Quality Analysis, Route Management, Village Visit Workflow, Digital Payment, Collection Analytics, Offline-First Web Application.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The meaning of 'women empowerment' is to establish women's rights which are nothing but human rights. It is clear by the speech of Hillary Clinton, the first lady of the United States at that time, at the fourth world conference on women in year 1995.These rights are- right to live respectfully, right to choose or make choices, right to take decisions about their own life, right to speak, freedom of movement and so on, are crucial for giving rise the sense of self-worth, self- confidence and self-respect in women. In India, as a consequence of many prevailing socio-cultural norms, these rights are neglected. Slow-paced social changes although lower down the intensity of negligence nevertheless, male-child preference in most of the Indian states tells us the story of women's rights abuses.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women's rights, Male -child preference

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study titled "A Comparative Study of Consumer Preference Between Rapido and Uber Bike Services" aims to analyze and compare the preferences of consumers towards app-based bike taxi services. With the rapid growth of urbanization and increasing traffic congestion, bike taxi services have emerged as a convenient, time-saving, and cost-effective mode of transportation. This study focuses on identifying the key factors influencing consumer choice, such as pricing, safety, availability, service quality, and customer satisfaction. The research is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of respondents, while secondary data was gathered from various websites, articles, and journals. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, ranking analysis, and chi-square test were used for data analysis. The findings of the study reveal that Rapido is widely preferred due to its affordability and quick availability, whereas Uber bike services are chosen for their reliability, brand image, and safety measures. Factors like convenience, time-saving, and promotional offers also play a significant role in influencing consumer preference. The study concludes that both services have their own advantages, and improving safety features, service quality, and customer support can enhance user satisfaction. The research provides valuable insights into consumer behavior and highlights the growing importance of bike taxi services in modern urban transportation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bike taxies services , bike taxi , rapido , uber , bike taxi services

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

What happens when a person is judged before they speak? How does it feel to be denied water? How does it feel to be addressed by something you may not like? These questions are lived experiences and realities for millions of people in India. The caste system decides who a person is, what they will do, where they will live and how other people will treat them. The caste system divides people in society. These are the situations one cannot choose. It is an accident from birth and continues for life. Caste is not just a category; it decides who is powerful and who is not. It divides people into two categories: on top, there are upper-caste people, who get access to education, land, and money. Whereas other people at the bottom, there are castes who are treated as "impure" or "untouchables" also addressed as Dalits, who have faced discrimination and oppression for their entire life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Caste and Oppression: Voices from the Margins in the Indian Literature

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents an industrial sorting robot based on ESP32-CAM vision processing and a pick-and-place robotic arm for automated industrial object handling. The system captures real-time video using ESP32-CAM and processes the frames using Python OpenCV for shape recognition. Objects are classified as circle, triangle, square, and rectangle using contour approximation and polygon analysis. Based on the detected shape, serial commands are transmitted to an Arduino-controlled six-servo robotic arm. The robot performs smooth pick-and-place movement using relay-based gripper control and places objects into their corresponding bins. The proposed system significantly improves sorting speed, reduces human intervention, and provides reliable industrial automation performance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Industrial Automation, Pick and Place Robot, ESP32-CAM, Shape Detection, OpenCV, Arduino, Smart Sorting

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Electricity theft continues to be one of the most per- sistent and economically damaging problems faced by power dis- tribution utilities across the world. Whether it happens through direct meter tampering, bypassing of metering equipment, or falsification of consumption records, the impact ripples across the entire grid - increasing operational costs, destabilizing energy distribution, and ultimately burdening honest consumers with inflated tariffs. Conventional detection methods, which largely depend on manual field inspections or simple threshold-based flagging, are too slow and too imprecise to keep pace with the scale of modern smart meter deployments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electricity Theft Detection, Isolation Forest, Anomaly Detection, Smart Meter, Adaptive Retraining, Sliding Window, Machine Learning, Django, Time-Series Classification, Non-Technical Loss

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cultural heritage is constituted by the dynamic relationship between tangible and intangible dimensions. Historic buildings traditionally functioned as socio-cultural systems where architectural spaces enabled ritual, performance, and collective memory. However, contemporary transformations, functional incompatibility, and deterioration have disrupted this interdependence, leading to cultural discontinuity. This research investigates the relationship between architectural spaces, cultural practices, and community interactions in historic buildings through cultural mapping. By identifying and documenting the interdependencies between space, practice, and users, the study develops an analytical understanding of how built heritage supports cultural activities. The approach shifts the focus of conservation studies from viewing historic buildings as static physical objects to understanding them as living cultural system.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cultural mapping, cultural practices, historic buildings, intangible heritage, tangible heritage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Multiplication is a fundamental arithmetic operation that significantly influences the performance of modern digital systems such as processors, digital signal processing units, and embedded systems. Conventional multiplier architectures, including array and sequential multipliers, suffer from limitations such as high propagation delay, increased power consumption, and poor scalability for higher bit-width operations. This project presents the design and implementation of an efficient parallel multiplier architecture to improve multiplication speed and reduce computational delay. The proposed system generates partial products simultaneously and accumulates them using optimized adder structures. Modified Booth Encoding is employed to reduce the number of partial products, while carry save adders are used to minimize carry propagation during partial product accumulation. A high-speed final adder produces the accurate multiplication result. The proposed architecture supports both signed and unsigned multiplication using a unified design, thereby reducing hardware redundancy and improving flexibility. The design is described using hardware description language and verified through simulation and synthesis. The results demonstrate improved performance compared to conventional multiplier designs, making the proposed parallel multiplier suitable for modern VLSI and high-speed digital applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FPGA, Xlinx ISE, Modalism, Matrix Multiplication, Parallel Block-Scheduling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition