Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Abstract -- Android DXFA Data Extraction for Forensic Analysis With the rapid proliferation of Android devices, digital forensic investigations increasingly rely on efficient and reliable data extraction techniques. Android DXFA (Data Extraction for Forensic Analysis) focuses on acquiring, preserving, and analyzing digital evidence from Android systems while maintaining data integrity and legal admissibility. This study presents a structured approach to Android data extraction, encompassing logical, physical, and file system acquisition methods. It examines the role of system artifacts such as application data, call logs, messages, and deleted files in reconstructing user activities. The research also highlights challenges associated with device fragmentation, encryption mechanisms, and evolving security features within the Android ecosystem. Advanced forensic tools and techniques are evaluated for their effectiveness in bypassing security restrictions and extracting hidden or deleted data. Furthermore, the paper discusses the importance of maintaining a proper chain of custody and adhering to forensic principles to ensure the credibility of extracted evidence. The proposed DXFA framework enhances the accuracy and efficiency of forensic investigations by integrating automated extraction processes with analytical methodologies. This contributes to improved incident response, cybercrime investigation, and digital evidence management in modern forensic practices.

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 Keywords

Core Keywords Android forensic data extraction Mobile device forensics Android Logical acquisition Android Physical acquisition Android File system extraction Android Android artifact analysis Android evidence acquisition Mobile forensic workflow ? Android System & Storage Keywords Android file system (EXT4 / F2FS) /data/data directory analysis Android partition layout ADB (Android Debug Bridge) forensic use Rooted vs non-rooted acquisition Bootloader unlocking forensic impact Recovery mode

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a vital strategic tool for organizations, particularly in the banking sector, where public trust and social accountability are of paramount importance. This study examines the perception of Corporate Social Responsibility activities undertaken by the State Bank of India (SBI) in Patna, Bihar, with a focus on understanding awareness levels, sector-wise visibility of CSR initiatives, and their influence on the bank's image, reputation, customer preference, and trust. The study adopts a descriptive and perceptual research design based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 424 respondents in Patna city. The data were analyzed using basic statistical techniques, including frequency and percentage analysis. The findings reveal a high level of awareness regarding CSR among respondents, with education and financial literacy emerging as the most visible CSR sectors. The results indicate a strong positive relationship between SBI's CSR initiatives and public perception, demonstrating that CSR significantly enhances the bank's social image, reputation, and trustworthiness. The study also identifies key areas for improvement, including greater publicity, increased funding, better targeting of beneficiaries, and a focus on long-term CSR projects. Overall, the study concludes that effective implementation and communication of CSR initiatives can strengthen stakeholder relationships and support sustainable banking practices.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility, Public Sector Banks, State Bank of India, Public Perception, Sustainable Banking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper focuses on the study and analysis of physical and chemical properties such as viscosity, density of lubricating oils. Standard testing methods and done testing in chemlab laboratory, Pune were used to evaluate the performance of each oil. The results were compared to understand which oil performs better under different operating conditions. This analysis helps in selecting the most suitable lubricating oil for specific applications, which can improve the efficiency and lifespan of machines. The paper aims to provide useful insights for motor vehicles in choosing the right lubricant oil based on performance and comparison of different types of lubricating oils used in engines. Lubricating oils play a vital role in reducing friction, wear, and overheating of moving parts. In this study, we selected several commonly used lubricating oils such as castrol,motul,dynamic+ mental conditions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Engine oil,lubrication, density,viscosity,performance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Smart File Recovery System is an advanced data recovery application designed to retrieve deleted files such as photos, videos, audio, and documents, even after they have been permanently removed from the recycle bin. The system leverages powerful Python-based recovery algorithms combined with intelligent file detection and classification techniques to ensure accurate and efficient restoration of lost data. It scans storage devices at a low level, identifies file signatures, and reconstructs deleted content while maintaining data integrity. The system integrates a user-friendly interface built using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, ensuring accessibility for both technical and non-technical users. The backend incorporates advanced machine learning and file system analysis to distinguish recoverable data from corrupted or overwritten files, making the recovery process smarter and more reliable. Additionally, the system is compatible with various operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and macOS, offering flexibility and broad usability. This project aims to provide an effective alternative to existing recovery tools by combining automation, accuracy, and simplicity. By integrating intelligent algorithms with an intuitive interface, the Smart File Recovery System enhances the user experience while ensuring high success rates in file recovery. This solution not only helps users retrieve lost files but also contributes to data protection and digital forensics applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The Smart File Recovery System is an advanced data recovery application designed to retrieve deleted files such as photos, videos, audio, and documents, even after they have been permanently removed from the recycle bin. The system leverages powerful Python-based recovery algorithms combined with intelligent file detection and classification techniques to ensure accurate and efficient restoration of lost data. It scans storage devices at a low level, identifies file signatures, and reconstructs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Crinum latifolium is an ornamental and medicinal plant widely grown in various Indian regions and worldwide. In aurveda, this plant having a significant medicinal importance. In present study, this plant was used in green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Copper chloride. However before the green synthesis of CuO nanoperticles, Plant leaves were extracted in double distilled water and methanol. Qualitative phytochemical screening for presence of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria (E.coli and Salmonella), gram positive bacteria (K. pneumoniae) and fungi (Fusarium oxysporum) were analysed. After green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles, were characterized using different available techniques UV visible, FTIR and XRD. Moreover about this the synthesized CuO nanoparticles were investigated for antimicrobial potentiality and antioxidant activity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crinum latifolium, Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, CuO nano particles and Antimicrobial activity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Conventional proctoring systems will typically use secure browsers, or plug-ins, or third-party applications, adding technical complexity, restricting user access, and bringing with them many problems. With the growing popularity of online exams, it has become more difficult to keep academic integrity in remote testing. Physical supervision is absent, and this offers a chance to engage in dishonest behavior, which can be in the form of using secondary devices, communicating with other people, or impersonating others. To overcome these obstacles, a multi-modal online exam proctoring system using AI is proposed in this paper. The system employs a collection of AI methods, such as face recognition, eye-tracking, object recognition, sound analysis, and activity monitoring on social media to deliver real-time monitoring and alert suspected behavior. The proctoring system developed based on the Django framework and MySQL to store data and provide constant authentication during the exam with the minimum disturbance to the user. Any violations detected are stored and displayed on a single main dashboard to the examiners, which offers real-time information and reports. This new type of approach makes online testing more secure, provides online learning with a better experience and provides new prospects regarding the use of AI in the education industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Computer Vision, Gaze Tracking, AI-based Exam Monitoring, Multi-modal Monitoring, Online Proctoring, Audio Analysis, Django

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper analyzes the plot and thematic issues in the novel The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy, and how the use of fragmented narration symbolizes the trauma and oppression of caste and the broken identity. Such a non-linear form of the novel reflects the psychological effect of traumatic memories among the characters like Estha, Rahel, Ammu and Velutha. The use of the past and present helps Roy to reveal the violence behind caste hierarchies and patriarchal standards of the postcolonial Indian society. This paper identifies the roles of narrative fragmentation, memory and silence as literary means of expression to show the emotional and social impact of caste-based discrimination and systemic injustice and ultimately constructs identity as being heavily informed by the trauma and structural injustice.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Caste, Trauma, Identity, Fragmentation, Resistance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper examines the growth of mutual fund investments in India, driven by factors like diversification, low risk, attractive returns, liquidity, affordability, tax benefits, and transparency. These factors appeal to investors, boosting mutual fund popularity. The paper provides an overview of mutual fund growth in recent years, including inflows into equity and debt funds, as well as SIP contributions. It includes comparative data showing mutual funds' market share relative to other securities, providing a basis for informed investment decisions. Utilizing secondary data from the AMFI website and literature reviews, the study explores mutual funds' appeal and growth potential. It also delves into the industry's challenges, such as market volatility, regulatory compliance, fee structures, and competition from alternative investments. This study explores the factors contributing to the growth of mutual funds, including market accessibility, regulatory support, and technological advances. Additionally, it addresses challenges such as market volatility, regulatory compliance, fee structures, and competition from alternative investment options. By examining these aspects, the study provides insights into the dynamics of the mutual fund industry and highlights considerations for stakeholders aiming to navigate and succeed in this evolving environment. Overall, the paper sheds light on both the drivers and obstacles in the mutual fund sector, offering insights for investors and fund managers in today's financial landscape.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mutual funds, Net Asset Value, Equity funds, Debt funds, SIP

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni, locally called canistel or egg fruit, is an evergreen, tropical fruit tree belongs to Sapotaceae family. Traditionally, P. Campechiana has been cultivated for its palatable fruit. Lately, the potential application of P. Campechiana in medicine, especially in its anti-microbial and anti-oxidative properties have received scientists' attention. This review summarizes information from the literature about phytochemical constituents of P. Campechiana and also assess the laboratory findings regarding the anti-microbial and anti-oxidative effect. Highlight is placed on specific compound group like phenolic, flavonoids, carotenoids, and triterpenoids that provide bio-activity of the fruit. Future study needed and limitation of previous investigation were emphasized with the application prospects of the fruit in medicine and nutriceuticals industries

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pouteria campechiana, canistel, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, phytochemicals, Sapotaceae

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Agriculture in India is highly vulnerable to climatic and production risks which makes crop insurance a crucial policy instrument for income stability of farmers. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), launched in 2016, aims in enhancing financial protection and expanding insurance coverage among farmers. This study analyses the performance of PMFBY using an indicator termed Risk Protection Efficiency (RPE), defined as the average benefit received per farmer. The study is completely based on secondary data for both Kharif and Rabi seasons from the official website of PMFBY during the year 2018 to 2025. The study examines trends in loanee farmer participation, benefit distribution and inter-state variations. The results indicate a significant increase in farmer enrolment over time, reflecting expansion of coverage. However, total benefits show fluctuations and RPE exhibits a declining trend in recent years. Seasonal analysis reveals relatively higher RPE in the Kharif season compared to Rabi, while state-level analysis highlights considerable variation in benefit distribution. The findings suggest that as participation expands, benefits are distributed across a larger number of farmers, resulting in lower average benefit per farmer. The study concludes that PMFBY reflects a shift from concentrated benefit distribution to broader coverage, consistent with the principle of diminishing marginal returns. It emphasizes the need for strengthening implementation mechanisms and ensuring proportional resource allocation to enhance the effectiveness of benefit delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Farmers, Risk Protection Ratio Benefit, Participation of farmers, Claim Settlement, Diminishing Marginal Returns, PMFBY Scheme

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition