Volume 11 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

People with Major Depressive Disorder have problems with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory systems that do not go away. Common methods of gauging cortisol include measuring diurnal fluctuations and assessing the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in certain people with severe depressive illness is one of the most robust and often seen discoveries in biological psychiatry. Some of these discoveries relevant to evaluating and treating depressed people will be discussed below. Understanding the cause and effects of HPA axis activation in depressed individuals will be a priority for future researchers. To add, there are drugs in development that target the HPA axis, which might one day be a standard component of a psychiatrist's or family doctor's toolkit for treating mental health issues. For a long, psychiatrists and neuroscientists have worked toward a deeper understanding of the biological roots of MDD and other mood disorders. The effects of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin on major depressive disorder have been the subject of a great deal of research. There has also been research on the relationship between MDD and hormone levels and stress response.

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 Keywords

Major depressive disorder, HPA axis, neurotransmitters, TAAR, immune system, cortisol awakening response, inflammation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Plant pots made out of recycled materials, such as discarded bicycle parts, offer a sustainable solution to reduce waste and promote eco-friendliness. These plant pots can be made from a variety of recycled materials, including metal frames, handlebars, rims, and pedals. By transforming these materials into plant pots, they can be given a new life and purpose while simultaneously reducing the amount of waste that would have otherwise ended up in landfills or oceans. Additionally, using recycled materials in the production of plant pots helps to conserve natural resources and reduces the need for virgin materials. In conclusion, plant pots made out of recycled materials are a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional plant pots, and can contribute to a more circular economy.

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Eco-friendly , Bio-degradable pots, plant pots, plastic waste , Recyclable waste.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Our project focuses on the strategy for ecological sustainability in India's western ghats and we have mentioned about the importance in conserving and preserving the environment and the ecosystem which abides everything. In order to achieve this Ecologically Sensitive Regions (ESR) are targeted and these regions are the ones which has to be protected. In our study we mainly focused on the western ghats region such as kerala, Karnataka, Gujarat, Goa and these regions usually have a warm tropical weather which is suitable for everyone. Futher more, we have discussed about three major issues in this paper and those issues are development pressure, biodiversity issues and climate change

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 Keywords

Western Ghats, ESR( Ecologically sensitive region), Agroforest, Species distribution model

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In a nutshell, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition that results in the brain's cells dying. It is the leading cause of dementia, which is characterised by a loss of mental capacity and independence in daily tasks. The cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses were put up as the disease's two main causes. AD is thought to be a complex illness. Furthermore, the disease is influenced by a number of risk factors, including advancing age, genetic predispositions, head injuries, vascular conditions, infections, and environmental variables. There are currently only two kinds of pharmaceuticals that have been licenced to treat AD, namely cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. These medications are only effective in treating the symptoms of AD; they do not treat the underlying cause of the disease.

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 Keywords

Chaperons, heat shock proteins, -amyloid peptide, tau protein, hazards, and disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease

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The current trend of social media usage in today's twenty-first century has been tremendously increased. The rise of social media also affected consumer behaviors with a retailer brand. For example, out of 100 consumers who follow a brand on social, 87 visit the brand's website, 78 recommend that brand to family or friends, 67 increase spending with that brand, and 53 engage with that brand on social. Small businesses have found their presence on social media as it can help them build brand awareness and stay in touch with customers around the world. This research focuses on the analyzing results from case company's Instagram and Facebook accounts as a primary data. The emerging of Internet and social media usage encourages the author to do research about its impacts on the business development. The quantitative research method will be used to gather statistical data, along with the deductive approach to structural data analysis. Targeted research involved the case company's audiences on Facebook and Instagram accounts. To obtain the results, analytical tools are employed to gather necessary data, such as Google Analytics, Later Tool, Instagram Insights and Facebook Business Suits. The findings related to the effects of community building, social engagement, content interaction, brand awareness on these two platforms. These findings will be beneficial for the company to explore the opportunities to build online social networks, which platforms are best used for building brand awareness and interaction, as well as increase website traffic and sales.

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 Keywords

Social Media Marketing, Brand Awareness, Brand Recognition and Customer Engagement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The term "oxidative stress" refers to an imbalance in the body's antioxidant enzymes between free radicals and their stabilizing agents. Normal cellular metabolism can generate reactive oxygen species, also known as free radicals, which interact with biomolecules including protein, lipid, and DNA to harm cells and bring about deteriorative changes. Free radicals are essential for cellular communication and physiological control at low concentrations, but at excessive concentrations, they can harm cells. In contrast, antioxidants reduce oxidants by giving their own electron to stabilize free radicals and turn them into non-reactive compounds in order to reduce the negative effects that these radicals have on the cell. Chronic disorders including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases all have oxidative stress as a major contributor to their etiology. Increasing amounts of pro-oxidant substances over time might result in structural flaws at gene expression anomalies brought on by functional changes at the mitochondrial DNA level, as well as in a number of enzymes and cellular structures. The current way of life, which includes eating processed food, being exposed to a variety of chemicals, and not exercising, is a significant factor in the development of oxidative stress. However, the capacity of medicinal plants with antioxidant capabilities to cure or prevent a number of human illnesses in which oxidative stress appears to be a contributing factor has been utilized. The diseases that oxidative stress is one of the triggers for are discussed in this overview, along with the antioxidant chemicals obtained from plants and their processes of antioxidant defenses that can aid in the prevention of these diseases. The impacts of antioxidant compounds employed to lower oxidative stress in a number of pathological dysfunctions in both positive and negative conditions are finally reviewed.

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 Keywords

Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant, Free Radicals, ROS, Chronic disorders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: - On the 1st anniversary of the war between 2 European Nations Russia and Ukraine New Delhi has still maintained the stance of neutrality and wants others also to focus on other pressing issues and stick to pragmatic neutrality and push for practical solution to the crisis. This stance of India comes from its unquestioned faith in its time tested partnership with Russia and its ability to manage and keep good relations with USA which can be defined as "Estranged Democracies of the Cold War era into Comprehensive Global Strategic Partners of today." Also in the world order where international relations are dominated by realist approach and the only thing that matters for every country existing in this world are its sole national interest and their responsibility to protect the national sovereignty and integrity of the country.

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stance of neutrality, tested partnership with Russia, "Estranged Democracies of the Cold War era into Comprehensive Global Strategic Partners of today.", sole national interest

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Hotel industry is one of the rising sectors in the world as its most important components are food and accommodation which are essential requirement in the daily life. There are several operations in the Hotel which could take the necessary action to increase their profit by improving the quality of service, the level of customer satisfaction and the hotel's image. After pandemic this sector is reviving itself at very high momentum, so one has to provide good facilities to the guests in term of food products and its service similarly in term of providing facilities in the room whether in equipments or it the technology. Adoption of new trends help to stand in this competitive market as it is the requirement to survive in this competitive sector. In this research it is observed that Himachal Pradesh which is famous for tourist state also implementing new technology for the service of tourist and focusing on the installation of new equipment. A questionnaire is framed where it is inquired that whether they are following certain procedures which help the tourist to serve in the innovative ways and it is observed that Hospitality sector of Himachal Pradesh is following many techniques which is so far better to raise the standard of tourism sector in State.

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Key words:-Hotel staff, equipments, technology, google form, internet.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The digitalization of Urban Co-operative Banks has emerged as a critical area of focus in the banking industry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the preparedness of Urban Co-operative Banks for digitalization, highlighting the problems and challenges they face in adopting and implementing digital technologies. The literature review reveals that while digitalization offers significant opportunities for Urban Co-operative Banks to enhance their operational efficiency and customer experience, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. These challenges include inadequate IT infrastructure, limited financial resources, lack of technical expertise, resistance to change, concerns around cyber security and data privacy, and compliance with regulatory requirements. The paper emphasizes the importance of strategic planning, investments in technology infrastructure, skill development, collaborations, and continuous monitoring in overcoming these challenges. Collaborative partnerships with technology vendors, Fin-Tech companies, and regulatory authorities can facilitate the digitalization process for Urban Co-operative Banks. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for Urban Co-operative Banks to proactively prepare for digitalization and continuously evaluate the impact of digital transformation efforts to stay competitive in the rapidly evolving banking landscape.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digitalization, Urban Co-operative banks, Problems, Challenges, and Literature review

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project evaluates the potential of two aquatic plants, azolla and duckweed, for municipal wastewater treatment. The study was conducted in a laboratory-scale experiment, in which both plants were grown in wastewater collected from a local municipal treatment plant. The growth rate, nutrient removal efficiency, and the biomass production of both plants were evaluated. The results showed that both azolla and duckweed were able to remove a significant amount of nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, from the wastewater, with high removal efficiency. Both plants also demonstrated rapid growth rates and high biomass production. However, azolla showed a slightly higher nutrient removal efficiency and biomass production than duckweed. Overall, these findings suggest that both azolla and duckweed have great potential for use in municipal wastewater treatment systems, particularly in areas with limited land and resources for traditional wastewater treatment methods.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytoremediation, duckweeds, azolla, municipal, Spirodela polyrhiza, traditional, Lemna minor, Biological treatment, Nutrient removal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition