Volume 12 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Diagnosing a mass in the left atrium can be difficult. The most frequent differential diagnoses are primary or metastatic tumors, vegetation, and thrombi. We report a case of a left atrium mass found in a 57-year-old man, with a history of a non-operable squamous cell lung cancer. The control chest scanner showed a defective opacification of the left atrium. The TTE revealed a dilated left atrium with the presence of a large atrial mass. Despite a considerable portion of the left atrium being occupied by the tumor, the patient maintained sinus rhythm and showed no symptoms. The cardiac MRI concluded to a large left atrial myxoma. The patient was subsequently transferred to the cardiovascular surgery department where he underwent resection of this mass and the anatomo- pathology confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. The relevance and value of TTE for a precise diagnosis of cardiac myxoma, while cancer lung metastasis is highly suspected, is shown by our case.

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 Keywords

Left atrial mass, Cardiac myxoma, Primary cardiac tumor

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is a country of diversity. India's varied culture, tradition, and linguistic character is unique and it is challenging to preserve and promote its socio-cultural and linguistic heritage in a constantly changing world. To preserve India's multilingual character various initiatives have been taken by the government. Policies have been made, but the implementation of those policies is a challenging task with the diverse needs of people belonging to different communities and speaking more than 121 languages. The present paper is an attempt to analyze content and language integrated learning approach (CLIL) as a pedagogical approach for language learning in the Indian context where English is considered as the second language and often used as a medium of instruction in education. Various research studies have proven the benefits of using CLIL in the classroom but there are challenges of implementing the same. There is a need to integrate language learning with content to enhance students' critical thinking skills with language proficiency. Equipping teachers with mastery in content knowledge as well as language proficiency, and the development of content materials enriched with inputs for language learning, there is a possibility to implement the CLIL approach in Indian classrooms to support English language learning while preserving the multilingual diversity of the nation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Conten-Based Instruction (CBI), Multilingual Education, Medium of instruction, Second Language learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents the integration of a buck converter (SLBC) and a super-lift to create a DC-DC multi- port converter. The proposed single-input dual-output (SIDO) converter generates a step-down voltage by the buck converter and a step-up voltage by the Luoconverter, both at the same time, with the advantages of conventional positive output voltage super-lift. This construction maintains a minimal output voltage ripple by not using electromagnetic components to provide a dual output. On the other hand, the recently launched SLBC offers a broad variety of output voltages with a straightforward construction and suitable control mechanism. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with other comparable setups is conducted in order to highlight the benefits of the suggested SIDO converter. Additionally, the findings of simulations and experiments show a significant decrease in conduction losses in comparison to previous SIDO converters in the identical circumstances. A 150W prototype is tested in the lab and many simulations using MATLAB software are used to verify the functioning correctness of the proposed Converter.

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 Keywords

DC-DC Converter,Single-Input Dual-Output Converter(SIDO),High Voltage gain.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems have gained significant attention due to their potential for controlled and sustained drug release. The bioadhesivity of transdermal patches, largely determined by the properties of bioadhesives, plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient drug delivery and patient comfort. This review provides a detailed examination of methods for measuring bioadhesivity in transdermal products. Ex vivo and in vitro techniques are discussed, including their principles, advantages, limitations, and applications. Additionally, standardization and validation of measurement protocols are addressed to ensure accurate and reliable assessment of bioadhesive performance. By synthesizing existing literature, this review aims to enhance our understanding of bioadhesivity measurement and facilitate the development of innovative transdermal drug delivery systems.

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 Keywords

: transdermal drug delivery, bioadhesivity, bioadhesives, measurement techniques, ex vivo methods, in vitro methods, standardization, validation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Spam, often known as unsolicited email, has grown to be a major worry for every email user. Nowadays, it is quite challenging to filter spam emails since they are made, created, or written in such a unique way that anti-spam filters cannot recognize them. In order to predict or categorize emails as spam, this paper compares and reviews the performance metrics of a few categories of supervised machine learning techniques, including SVM (Support Vector Machine), Random Forest, Decision Tree, CNN, (Convolutional Neural Network), KNN(K Nearest Neighbor), MLP(Multi-Layer Perceptron), Adaboost (Adaptive Boosting), and Nave Bayes algorithm. The goal of this study is to analyze the specifics or content of the emails, discover a limited dataset, and create a classification model that can predict or categorize whether spam is present in an email. Transformers' Bidirectional Encoder Representations) has been optimized to perform the duty of separating spam emails from legitimate emails (HAM). To put the text's context into perspective, BERT uses attention layers. Results are contrasted with a baseline DNN (deep neural network) model that consists of two stacked Dense layers and a BiLSTM (bidirectional Long Short Term Memory) layer. Results are also contrasted with a group of traditional classifiers, including k-NN (k-nearest neighbours) and NB (Naive Bayes). The model is tested for robustness and persistence using two open-source data sets, one of which is utilized to train the model

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 Keywords

SPAM,HAM

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Language translation is an indispensable tool in today's interconnected world, facilitating communication and understanding across diverse cultures and languages. However, ensuring the originality and integrity of translated content remains a major challenge, especially in the context of plagiarism. This brief presents a new approach to language translation that prioritizes both originality and the ability to avoid plagiarism. Traditional translation methods often rely on verbatim or direct translation techniques, which can unintentionally lead to plagiarism or lack of originality. In contrast, the approach we propose emphasizes semantic understanding and creative adaptability to produce translations that are not only accurate but also distinctive and plagiarism-free.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Language Translation, neural machine translation, Natural Language processing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bringing up children is a challenging job to parents whether it be normal or differently abled. When a child is differently abled, the parents have to put on great effort to meet day to day challenges. This study is therefore an attempt to understand whether there is any difference in the life satisfaction and locus of control between parents of normal and differently abled children. The sample taken for this study were 54 parents which includes 33 parents of differently abled children and parents of 21 normal children from the state of Kerala through Purposive sampling. The scale used were Levesion's scale for Locus of Control, a 24 item scale and a 34 item Life satisfaction scale prepared by Promila Singh and George Joseph 1996). The obtained results were analysed using Independent Samples t-test and Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation. From the study it is clear that there is no significant difference in life satisfaction among parents of differently abled and normal children. There is no significant difference between locus of control among parents of differently abled children. There is no significant difference in life satisfaction among parents of differently abled and normal children. There is no significant difference between locus of control among parents of differently abled and normal children.

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 Keywords

Life satisfaction, Locus of Control, Differently abled children

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is democratic country. India practices the federal democratic political system since independence. Federalism is a kind of political system in which constitutional powers of nations are distributed between union (Centre) and units (states). Centre and State are autonomous and have independence in their respective areas. In the Indian Constitution, powers are distributed through three lists. However, parties and their politics significantly push for the shifts in Federal structure also. Parties contest elections and formulate policies after assuming political power for the betterment of society. Indian National Congress was the single dominant party for two decades after independence. Gradually, regional political parties started evolving in the political system in India. The rise of regional parties resulted into coalition politics in India. However, the nature of party system again turned to one party dominant system when Bhartiya Janata Party came into power in the year of 2014. Therefore, given the different working style of the parties in government, federalism has undergone through various changes as per the shifts in the political parties in power. In the year of 2014, political leadership changed in India and the government of the day advocated for the cooperative and competitive federalism by projecting various changes to the system to enhance the cooperation and autonomy among states. Although the Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has taken various steps to transform Indian federalism, Steps taken could not abstain themselves from harsh criticism. This symbolizes the party politics impacting the change in the nature of federal politics also. The objective of this paper is to study and explore the impact of party politics on India's federal practices. This paper will identify the established federal practices before Modi era and subsequently the changes in federal politics in India. This paper will also focus on exploring the factors that pushing the government in bringing shifts in the federal principles.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian Federalism, Centre, State, Party system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study is an attempt to understand the representation of transgender in the ancient Indian text. These genders are recognised as 'Third Gender' in Hindu mythology in India. Transgender had their presence in ancient texts in various forms. Hindu community worshipped these Hindu deities associated with gender diversity, such as Ardhanarisvara (the androgynous form of Shiva and his consort Parvati) and many more. The study focuses on understanding how the transgenders were represented and their portrayal in Hindu mythology. The study aims to understand how the concept existed in the ancient times and to study different roles played by transgenders in Hindu mythology. The study is based on qualitative research. The data for the study will be collected through secondary sources such as books, journals, articles, and videos, etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transgender, Third gender, Hindu, Mythology, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sign language is a visual language that uses hand gestures to convey meaning, primarily used by the deaf and hearing-impaired community. Sign language recognition systems aim to bridge the communication gap between individuals who use sign language and the wider hearing population by translating sign language gestures into written or spoken language. Existing systems rely on a range of techniques including computer vision, machine learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and traditional methods like support vector machines (SVMs). However, these existing models face limitations in recognizing a broad vocabulary and complex grammatical structures of sign languages, often leading to ambiguity and misinterpretation. The proposed system addresses these challenges by expanding the model to include more signs, resulting in a more effective framework for real-time applications. By integrating advanced computer vision techniques and machine learning algorithms, the system can recognize hand gestures based on features such as orientation, centroid, and finger positions. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset for diverse signing styles enhances generalization and fosters more effective communication for individuals with hearing impairments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sign Language, Gesture Recognition, SVM, Random Forest, Machine Learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition