Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The rapid growth of educational video repositories has made it even more important to find ways to condense content that keep its meaning and structure intact. Conventional summarization methods, predominantly reliant on temporal sampling or motion estimation, inadequately capture the perceptual redundancy characteristic of instructional videos, where information is frequently conveyed through gradual structural evolution rather than dynamic motion. This paper suggests a flexible multi scale structural similarity optimization framework for selecting frames that are aware of redundancy. The method uses hierarchical perceptual similarity modeling to find important transitions and get rid of unnecessary visual information. A principled threshold optimization formulation is presented to achieve a balance between compression efficiency and structural preservation, independent of supervised training. The framework is tested on a big dataset of more than 500 educational videos, more than 100 of which are long recordings that last more than five hours. Results from real world tests show that the system works well in a variety of teaching formats, cutting down on redundancy while keeping the structure intact. The suggested method is a computationally efficient and easy to understand alternative to data heavy learning based models. This makes it good for use in real world educational systems that need to be able to grow.

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 Keywords

Structural Similarity Index, Multi scale Analysis, Video Summarization, Frame Selection, Educational Video Processing

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This paper examines whether climate change governance and the accelerating energy transition justify a broader approach to parent company liability for environmental harm. The central argument is that separate legal personality remains an important organizing principle of company law, but it cannot be treated as an absolute shield where the parent company designs, directs, monitors, and publicly represents the environmental and transition strategy of the corporate group. Contemporary climate governance is reshaping corporate behavior through disclosure rules, due diligence duties, litigation pressure, and investor scrutiny. At the same time, energy transition pathways require large-scale capital reallocation, operational restructuring, and group-wide risk management. These developments expose the limits of a purely formal model that allocates environmental harm only to the operating subsidiary while allowing strategic control, financing, and sustainability representation to remain concentrated at the parent level. Using recent case law, regulatory developments, and current global energy-transition data, the paper argues for a functional control approach. Under this approach, liability should turn not on ownership alone, but on the parent's real role in setting environmental standards, supervising compliance, controlling transition risk, and shaping harmful outcomes. Such an approach does not abolish separate legal personality. It instead aligns liability with governance reality. The paper concludes that effective climate-era accountability requires company law, due diligence regulation, and climate disclosure regimes to operate together so that environmental harm is attributed to the entity or entities that actually control the relevant risk.

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 Keywords

This paper examines whether climate change governance and the accelerating energy transition justify a broader approach to parent company liability for environmental harm. The central argument is that separate legal personality remains an important organizing principle of company law, but it cannot be treated as an absolute shield where the parent company designs, directs, monitors, and publicly represents the environmental and transition strategy of the corporate group. Contemporary climate gov

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Abstract: Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic condition that significantly affects quality of life and daily productivity. Conventional management provides symptomatic relief but is often associated with limitations in long-term use and recurrence of symptoms. Homoeopathy offers a holistic and individualized approach, addressing not only the presenting symptoms but also the underlying susceptibility through miasmatic understanding. The condition is predominantly psoric in nature, although mixed miasmatic expressions are frequently observed, influencing both the clinical presentation and remedy selection. This review highlights the role of homoeopathic therapeutics in allergic rhinitis, emphasizing its safety, effectiveness, and potential for providing sustained relief by addressing the root cause of the disease.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Homoeopathy, Hay fever, Coryza, Sneezing.

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In a patriarchal societal order like that of India, gender sensitization has been a neglected domain leading to retarded impetus for women's empowerment. Following Prime Minister's ambitious declaration for launching an initiative named 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' streps have been augmented to boost girl child's survival and promote educational avenues to carve out a befitting status for her holistic development. Gearing up several initiatives like shift from paternalistic generosity to reinforced community action, making concerted efforts to curb child marriage and promoting convergent efforts for putting a full stop to women's trafficking have been reckoned as some of the core components of the campaign. Nayagarh district in Odisha one of the selected districts in the whole country, witnessed multi-pronged community led activities with facilitation extended by government agencies. This article attempts to dissect the undercurrent driving this movement including the basic facets, issues, constraints and challenges.

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 Keywords

Girl Child, Empowerment, Education, Gender, Sex Ratio, Odisha, Nayagarh

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the way businesses interact with customers, particularly in highly competitive urban markets such as the National Capital Region (NCR) of India. One emerging concept is the integration of AI-driven personalization within "L-Proof" (Loyalty-Proof) frameworks--systems designed to ensure sustained customer engagement and retention. This research article explores how AI personalization contributes to building and maintaining customer loyalty in NCR, examining technological, behavioral, and business implications. By analyzing current trends, challenges, and opportunities, the paper highlights how organizations can leverage AI to create deeply personalized experiences that enhance loyalty and long-term value.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI Personalization; Customer Loyalty; L-Proof Systems; Omnichannel Experience ; Predictive Analytics.

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This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on the financial performance of selected Indian banks over the period 2016-2026. Financial performance is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), while AI adoption is proxied through an AI score index and a post-adoption dummy variable. The study employs a fixed effects panel regression model with heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors and lagged variables to ensure robustness of results. The findings reveal that AI adoption and its intensity do not have a statistically significant impact on bank profitability. Although the post-adoption period exhibits a positive coefficient, it is not statistically significant at the 5 percent level. The results further indicate that firm-specific characteristics play a dominant role in determining financial performance. The study concludes that AI adoption alone is insufficient to improve profitability in the short run and highlights the importance of effective implementation and organizational readiness

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Banking Performance, ROA, ROE, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It is a powerful tool to promote women's empowerment by making education accessible, flexible and scalable. Advances in technology now mean women, even in the underserved and rural areas, can pick up new skills, increase economic opportunities, and conquer limiting societal barriers that prevent their personal and professional growth. Even today, women are hindered by the digital divide, socio-cultural norms, economic challenges, and safety concerns from having complete participation in digital education. Digital learning is investigated as an interface at the intersection of women's empowerment and digital learning, studying the barriers to women's adoption of it including technological access disparities due to gender, cultural perceptions of the disabled, and lack of family and institutional support. Here, it also draws attention to successful digital literacy programs as well as platforms in response to these challenges and empowering women. Inclusive digital learning initiatives can positively advance women's potential to actively participate in societal, economic and socio-political change promoting a culture of gender equality in the digital world.

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 Keywords

:- Digital Learning, Women Empowerment, Gender Equality, Digital Divide, Inclusive Introduction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Climate change has worsened floods, cyclones, droughts, and erosion along coasts and riverbanks across India. This has led to repeated displacements that disrupt not only livelihoods but also concepts of home, citizenship, and belonging. This paper examines climate-induced displacement in India from the perspectives of environmental humanities, human rights, and legal studies. It asks a key question: should those affected by "natural" disasters be recognized as climate refugees, and what does this labeling mean politically and conceptually?

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Climate Induced Displacement in India: Should Victims of Natural Disasters Be Recognized as Climate Refugees?

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Epistolary literature, Existential modernism, Love and alienation, Tuberculosis and fragility, Modernist correspondence, Existential anxiety

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This paper explores the transformative potential of Brain-computer interface as a foundational technology for human enhancement by 2050.BCIs enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices.bridging biological intelligence with artificial systems.The study reviews current advancements in invasive and non-invasive BCI's technologies,including neural implants and electroencephalography-based systems,and evaluates their applications in healthcare,communication,and cognitive augmentation.furthermore,the paper discusses the integration of artificial intelligence with BCI's to enhance learning,memory, and decision making capabilities.The research concludes that BCI's have the potential to redefine human capabilities,biological limits and creating a new era of human-machine symbiosis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Brain computer interface,Human Enhancement,Artificial Intelligence,future technology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition