Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Ganjifa cards constitute a significant corpus within Indian traditional visual culture, embodying a synthesis of painting, narrative representation, and artisanal knowledge systems. As hand-painted artifacts, they encapsulate historical, mythological, and regional identities, evolving from their origins in the Mughal period into diverse stylistic traditions, including Mysore Ganjifa, Sawantwadi Ganjifa, and Ganjapa. This study undertakes a critical style analysis of Ganjifa cards to examine their potential applicability within contemporary fashion design. Emphasis is placed on the examination of formal visual elements, including motif construction, chromatic intensity, compositional symmetry, ornamental framing devices, and narrative illustration. The distinctive circular format of Ganjifa cards introduces an alternative spatial logic that challenges conventional linear design paradigms prevalent in Western visual systems. Historically produced using layered substrates and natural pigments, Ganjifa cards predominantly depict mythological narratives such as the Dashavatara. Despite their decline following the industrial proliferation of printed playing cards, recent revival initiatives have recontextualized Ganjifa within discourses of heritage conservation and sustainable design. The research positions Ganjifa as a viable visual and conceptual resource for contemporary fashion practices, arguing for its relevance within frameworks of cultural sustainability, design innovation, and interdisciplinary adaptation.

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 Keywords

GANJIFA CARDS, STYLE ANALYSIS, TRADITIONAL ART, FASHION DESIGN, MOTIFS, CULTURAL HERITAGE

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of Dalit identity formation in Karukku, Sangati, and Vanmam by Bama, situating these works within the intellectual frameworks of Dalit feminism and anti-caste thought. Drawing upon the theoretical insights of B. R. Ambedkar and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, the paper argues that Bama reconfigures Dalit identity from a position of imposed marginality to a site of embodied resistance and collective agency. Through sustained textual analysis, it demonstrates how caste is inscribed on the Dalit body through everyday practices of labor, segregation, and ritual humiliation, while gender intensifies this inscription for Dalit women. At the same time, Bama's narrative strategies--particularly her use of oral storytelling, non-linear form, and colloquial language--construct a collective subaltern voice that challenges dominant literary paradigms. The study contends that Bama's works do not merely represent Dalit life but actively produce a counter-discourse that transforms identity into a dynamic and politically transformative process.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dalit identity; caste; Dalit feminism; embodiment; subaltern voice; collective agency; Tamil literature

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

:- Machines keep factories running only when power and parts work without stopping. When something breaks suddenly, output drops, machines get hurt, people might too. Built here is a way to catch those failures early - using a PLC paired with an HMI for alerts. What shows up on screen comes straight from logic built into the controller. Each piece talks to the next so trouble does not go unseen. Sensors keep watch on things like voltage, current, temperature, while also tracking how the motor behaves. When odd readings show up - overload, maybe a short circuit, too much heat, or missing phase - the brain of the setup reacts without delay. That brain, a programmable controller, checks everything as it happens, never falling behind. Once trouble strikes, protection kicks in fast: power cuts off before damage spreads. At the very same moment, warning signals light up to alert anyone nearby. Right there on the screen, it shows what the system is doing at any moment. A quick glance reveals warnings, errors, or past events without digging through menus. Instead of guessing, workers see exactly where a problem started. Because everything links together, tasks take less time than before. Machines stay running longer when small glitches get caught early. Fewer breakdowns mean fewer risks near heavy equipment. Suddenly, making decisions becomes simpler with live updates front and center. No more flipping between tools just to check one value. When alerts pop up clearly, response feels natural, almost automatic. All of this adds up to smoother shifts and calmer workdays.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) , Human Machine Interface (HMI), Industrial Fault Detection, Real-Time Monitoring , Fault Diagnosis , Industrial Automation ,Predictive Maintenance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder and a major cause of disability worldwide, particularly among individuals engaged in physically demanding occupations such as farming. Garlic and onion transplanting involve repetitive bending, prolonged stooping, and manual labour, increasing the risk of LBP among farmers. Aim: To determine the prevalence of low back pain among peasant farmers in a rural community near Jalgaon city during the garlic and onion transplanting process. Methodology: An observational study was conducted on 85 farmers aged 30-59 years using convenient sampling. Data were collected over a period of 6 months from villages near Jalgaon. The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODI) was used to assess the severity of disability due to LBP. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages. Results: All participants reported low back pain. Among them, 61.17% had moderate disability and 38.82% had severe disability according to ODI scores. The findings also indicated functional limitations in activities such as lifting, sitting, standing, and walking. Both male and female farmers were significantly affected, highlighting the occupational nature of the condition. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a high prevalence of low back pain among farmers involved in garlic and onion transplanting. Repetitive movements, prolonged awkward postures, and lack of ergonomic awareness are major contributing factors. Preventive strategies, ergonomic education, and early physiotherapy interventions are essential to reduce disability and improve quality of life among farmers.

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 Keywords

Low back pain, farmers, prevalence, musculoskeletal disorders, garlic transplanting, onion transplanting, Oswestry Disability Index.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The right to maintenance is a crucial legal safeguard aimed at ensuring financial security and dignity for women in India, particularly in situations of marital breakdown, desertion, or neglect. Rooted in principles of social justice and gender equality, maintenance laws seek to protect women who are economically dependent on their spouses or families. Various legal frameworks, including personal laws and statutory provisions such as Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956, and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, provide mechanisms through which women can claim maintenance. Despite the existence of these provisions, the practical realization of maintenance rights remains inconsistent due to factors such as lack of awareness, procedural delays, and socio-economic barriers. Judicial interpretations have progressively expanded the scope of maintenance to include not only basic survival needs but also a standard of living comparable to that enjoyed during marriage. Recent legal developments emphasize the importance of timely and fair maintenance to uphold women's rights and prevent destitution. This paper examines the legal framework governing maintenance, analyses key judicial trends, and highlights the challenges faced by women in accessing these rights. It also underscores the need for reforms to ensure effective implementation and greater accessibility of maintenance provisions, thereby strengthening the protection of women's economic rights in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women's Rights, Maintenance, Financial Security, Gender Equality, Section 125 CrPC, Domestic Violence Act, Personal Laws, Economic Justice, Legal Protection, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present focuses on the essence of different systems in a setting where vibrations are bound to be perceived. If they are exposed to shocks they encounter elevated amplitudes, contributing to the collapse of the system. This thesis is aimed at studying the vibrational reaction of multistoried buildings through experimental and computational methods in FEM-based software. In this study attempt is made to analyze model with bearing and without bearing by experimental method in FFT Analyzer accessible in laboratory and building model preparation using FEM-based software. After that comparison of the impact of bearing on multistoried building vibrational response will be performed and conclusion will be drawn based on the analysis result.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Vibration Analysis, Steel Structure, FFT Analyzer, Staad-pro

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Demand Forecasting, Inventory Optimisation, POS Systems, XGBoost, LSTM, Random Forest, K-Means Clustering, Dynamic Reorder, SME Retail, Predictive Analytics

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Dharma is a central idea in Indian philosophy, meaning "that which sustains" the universe, society, and individual life. The A???da?a Pur??as explain dharma not just as a rule, but as a living principle through stories, teachings, and examples. This chapter studies dharma in a structured way using texts like the Vi??u Pur??a and Bh?gavata Pur??a, showing how it works at three levels: cosmic (universal order), ethical (values like truth, non-violence, compassion), and social (duties in society). The Pur??as teach that dharma maintains balance in the universe, and when it is disturbed, disorder (adharma) arises. They also show that practicing dharma leads to harmony, prosperity, and happiness. Finally, the highest form of dharma is devotion (bhakti), which brings inner peace and spiritual liberation. Thus, the Pur??as present dharma as a complete guide for right living, social responsibility, and spiritual growth.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dharma, A???da?a Pur??as, Bhakti, Ethics, Cosmic Order, Social Duty, Indian Philosophy, Karma, Mok?a, Spirituality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid proliferation of digital media has intensified concerns regarding the psychological impact of violent media content on young adults. The present study investigated the correlational relationships among media violence exposure, anxiety, and aggression among young adults in India, guided by the General Aggression Model (Anderson & Bushman, 2002) and cultivation theory (Gerbner et al., 1986). A quantitative cross-sectional correlational design was employed. A purposively sampled group of 200 young adults (100 males, 100 females; age range: 18-25 years; M = 22.14, SD = 2.54) completed an online survey between January and February 2026. Three standardised instruments were administered: the Comprehensive Media Exposure Scale (C-ME Scale), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ-29). Pearson's product-moment correlation was used to analyse data. Results indicated that 87.5% of participants reported moderate media violence exposure (M = 62.83, SD = 10.76); 73.5% reported at least mild anxiety (M = 7.98, SD = 5.03); and 60% demonstrated above-average aggression (M = 79.62, SD = 16.59). All three null hypotheses were rejected: significant positive correlations were found between media violence exposure and aggression, r(198) = .163, p = .021; media violence exposure and anxiety, r(198) = .188, p = .008; and aggression and anxiety, r(198) = .441, p < .001. The findings support the General Aggression Model and cultivation theory, and underscore the need for integrated psychological interventions and media literacy programmes in higher education settings.

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 Keywords

media violence exposure, aggression, anxiety, young adults, General Aggression Model, cultivation theory, correlational study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study aims to explain in qualitative terms the changes in the marriage perspectives of young women in their late twenties to early forties as affected by the modern city lifestyle and socially supportive milieu in Bengaluru. This paper, focusing on the experience of young professional women residing in India's fastest-growing technology hub, analyzes the conflict between societal pressures for conformity and individual need for self-realization.

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 Keywords

marriage attitudes, urban women, Bengaluru, single-friendly ecosystems, financial agency, modernization theory, self-actualization, negotiated resistance, Marriage Attitude Scale

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition