Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The rapid progression of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector poses a potential challenge of increased peak energy demand on existing grid structures. Consequently, the significance of V2G power conversion technology becomes paramount in managing sudden surges in energy requirements. To address this issue, the authors propose a "Bidirectional Converter Based on V2G and G2V Operation" which focuses on facilitating energy transfer between vehicles and the grid through bidirectional converters, catering to both V2G and G2V operations. In this work, the authors analyzed a bidirectional buck-boost converter interface with an H bridge AC/DC converter together with the related control method in a reduced topology. The efficiency of the developed system is evaluated with the help of a developed simulation model in MATLAB/SIMULINK..

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 Keywords

Bidirectional Battery Charger, Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V); Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G); Vehicle-to-Home (V2H), Electrical vehicles, AC- DC convertpr , DC-AC convertor, Matlab/Simulink

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study aims to investigate the parents and students' attitude towards the implementation of punishment-free zone at the Primary level schools. A descriptive survey method was used for the present study. For the present study 51 Parents (male, female & rural, urban) and 50 students of Balangir district were selected purposively as sample of the present study. The data collected from the parents was analyzed and interpreted by SPSS while the students' data were analyzed by the simple percentage according to their response. The findings showed that there is no significant difference between male and female parents & rural and urban parents because pain is pain for all and fear is fear for all. All these students were treated equally and there are other methods that can build confidence and discipline without using physical punishment among students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords- Punishment-free zone, Attitude of parents and students, Elementary Level, Punishment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study investigates the relationship between feminist beliefs and women's willingness to engage in low-prestige male-dominated occupations. While feminist ideology promotes gender equality across occupational domains, women remain underrepresented in physically demanding and socially undervalued roles. A quantitative correlational design was employed with a sample of 120 women aged 18-50 years. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing feminist beliefs, occupational willingness, and perceived barriers. Statistical analysis revealed high levels of feminist beliefs (M = 4.23, SD = 0.65) and occupational willingness (M = 4.29, SD = 0.48), with a strong positive correlation (r = .75, p < .01). However, perceived barriers (M = 4.11, SD = 0.61), including safety concerns and social stigma, remained significant. The findings highlight a gap between ideological support for equality and actual occupational participation. Implications for policy, career counseling, and workplace inclusivity are discussed.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

feminist beliefs, occupational willingness, gender roles, perceived barriers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The requirement for safe and transparent election systems has significantly increased with the development of digital technologies. Although electronic voting provides ease and speed in the generation of election results, the existing voting systems are struggling with issues such as central control, vote tampering, lack of transparency, and privacy violations. In this context, this paper presents the Blockchain-Based Secure E-Voting System with Voter Privacy. The proposed system utilizes the blockchain technology to create a decentralized environment for safe vote recording and verification. The system uses smart contracts to perform various election-related activities such as voter validation, vote submission, detection of duplicate votes, and result declaration. In addition, the proposed system ensures the privacy of voters by utilizing various cryptographic methods such as public and private key encryption. The experimental evaluation of the proposed system with simulated election data demonstrates the accuracy of the system in authentication, vote validation, duplicate vote detection, and result verification. The proposed framework is highly effective in academic institutions and organizations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, E-Voting, Voter Privacy, Smart Contract, Cryptography, Secure Election, Decentralized Voting.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present survey was taken up to document the grass diversity in the college campus which shares its landscape with the Western Ghats. Grasses are the important flowering plants, under the family Poaceae and form the fourth largest group of flowering plants, but its minute morphological features make it difficult in their identification. Most literature focuses the documentation, diversity and taxonomic studies of dicotyledonous plants in the Western Ghats as compared to some study on monocotyledonous plants. Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa College, Madikeri, Kodagu is the oldest premier institution of higher education in the hilly district of Kodagu in Karnataka state. It is built up in an area of 14,089.41 sq mts, comprise semi-managed grassland patches dominated by variety of grass species.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Documentation, F.M.K.M.C. College, Grasses, Kodagu, Poaceae.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Kabaddi matches, championships and tournaments, essentially at the local and grass-root level, there are limited as well as manual scoring and no live score management systems, due to which there can occur less accessibility for viewers to actually view the scores, less efficient co-ordination between the organizers and may occur delays for match updates. Thus, there is a lack of a digital infrastructure which also caters the ability to maintain a centralized player information, events ledger and scoring mechanism for kabaddi at the grass-root level. As the popularity of Kabaddi is growing, there is a requirement of a scalable digital platform which will be able to manage the live scoring and its broadcasting for the events of kabaddi including matches, tournaments and championships for frequent match updates. This paper represents our platform RAIDX, which is a real-time Kabaddi live scoring and score broadcasting platform for all kabaddi events including the tournament and championships which is designed using the event-driven architecture. The proposed system designed utilizes the scorers having the organizer role to record the various events occurring in the match per raid, which is then updated to the backend server which is implemented in Golang using a persistent WebSocket connection. Those match events are processed by the match event engine at the backend that updates the match score data instantly and streams it to all the connected viewer connections. This robust infrastructure is implemented using the Fiber framework using the Redis as in-memory cache to accommodate the high frequency match updates. The persistent tournament, or championship data, including the player accounts, team information, fixtures and invites are stored using MongoDB. For secure and scalable user management, the current design involves the hybrid mechanism including the JSON Web Token (JWT) with server-side session tracking, to allow the device-based session management (by controlling and revoking access). Also, there is an implementation of the Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model that manages the different user roles including the organizers, team owners and players with viewers as the default role for all the mentioned roles. The system is also incorporated with the invitation framework which supports both direct as well as the token-based invite links for both team and match event invites. The proposed system architecture determines how a scalable sports event management platform can be implemented combining the application of both the modern web technologies as well as real-time communication protocols. The RAIDX system improves tournament coordination, enhances the viewer engagement by quick score updates, and providing a structured digital ecosystem for managing Kabaddi competitions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Kabaddi Digitization, Real-Time Sports Streaming, Event-Driven Architecture, WebSocket Communication, Redis Runtime State Management, NoSQL Databases, Low-Latency Broadcasting, Tournament Management Systems, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Scalable Web Architecture, Match Data Archiving, Player Performance Analytics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Digital knowledge work is increasingly performed inside the same browser environment that also hosts high-frequency leisure platforms, social feeds, and streaming services. Prior studies on interruption, self-interruption, and media multitasking indicate that context switching can impose a substantial productivity cost, with project evidence estimating up to 40 percent output loss during unmanaged digital work. Existing tools address only fragments of the problem: static blockers impose binary denial, passive trackers generate retrospective awareness without enforcement, and gamification systems often reward intention rather than verified work. This paper presents TFI Master V12, a Chrome Manifest V3 browser extension that implements a privacy-preserving Work-to-Social economy governed by a strict 4:1 work-to-leisure ratio. The system introduces Active Trace Technology, in which keyboard events contribute 5 points, mouse events contribute 1 point, and a pulse buffer validates genuine user presence before productive time is credited. A browser-local ledger stored in chrome.storage.local is updated by an Economy Engine finite state machine running in an MV3 service worker through Chrome Alarms. When leisure balance is exhausted, a tamper-resistant lockdown overlay with z-index 2147483647 and MutationObserver re-injection is injected into social domains. Benchmarks show average memory consumption below 30 MB, negligible CPU impact during one-second ticks, and user trials indicating a 35 percent increase in sustained focus periods. The results show that verified productivity management can be enforced locally without cloud surveillance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Active Trace Technology, browser extension, Chrome Manifest V3, digital wellness, privacy-preserving monitoring, productivity management, work-to-leisure economy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Acne is a common skin problem caused by excess oil production, bacterial growth, and inflammation. Herbal formulations are increasingly preferred in skincare because they are natural and generally produce fewer side effects. The present study focuses on the preparation of a herbal anti-acne serum using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract. Hibiscus flowers contain bioactive compounds such as antioxidants and flavonoids that help reduce inflammation and control excess oil on the skin. The serum was formulated using ingredients like aloe vera gel, glycerin, propylene glycol, and Carbopol 940. The prepared formulation was evaluated for parameters such as pH, appearance, viscosity, spreadability, and stability. The results indicated that the serum had suitable properties for topical application and may be useful for managing acne and improving skin condition.[2]

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ? Herbal Serum Anti-Acne Herbal Cosmetics Phytochemical Extraction Antimicrobial Activity Herbal Formulation Skin Care Natural Ingredients Aloe vera Herbal Drug Delivery Stability Studies Physicochemical Evaluation Topical Formulation Antibacterial Activity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Efficient patient flow in the Outpatient Department (OPD) is essential for ensuring quality healthcare services and improving patient satisfaction. In multispecialty ophthalmic hospitals, the OPD process involves multiple stages such as registration, preliminary examination, diagnostic procedures, and consultation, which often lead to increased waiting time and operational inefficiencies. Delays at any stage can affect overall service delivery and create dissatisfaction among patients. This study aims to analyze patient flow in the OPD using a time-motion approach to identify bottlenecks and suggest improvements in service delivery. The research focuses on measuring the time spent by patients at various stages of their visit and examining the sequence of activities involved in the care process. Data is collected through direct observation and hospital records, capturing key time points such as registration time, waiting time, workup duration, and consultation time. The analysis helps in identifying stages where delays are most frequent and understanding the factors contributing to these inefficiencies, such as uneven patient arrival, limited staffing, and process-related issues. Based on the findings, the study proposes practical recommendations to optimize workflow, improve resource utilization, and reduce waiting time without requiring major infrastructural changes. The study highlights the importance of systematic process evaluation in healthcare settings and demonstrates how time-motion analysis can be used as an effective tool for improving operational efficiency. By addressing bottlenecks in patient flow, hospitals can enhance patient experience, reduce overcrowding, and deliver more organized and timely care in ophthalmic OPD settings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Time-Motion Study, Patient Flow Analysis, Outpatient Department (OPD), Waiting Time, Bottleneck Identification, Healthcare Operations Management, Service Delivery Efficiency, Ophthalmic Hospital Workflow Optimization, Patient Satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition