Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The Anthropocene epoch is marked by the escalating discharge of recalcitrant xenobiotic compounds into the environment, often via high-temperature industrial effluents that render traditional mesophilic bioremediation ineffective. This study explores a novel convergence of Thermophilic Microbiology and Nanotechnology to develop "Nano-Bio Hybrids" capable of operating under extreme thermal stress. Utilizing the unique biochemical "armoring" of thermophiles--including heat-stable extremozymes, saturated lipid membranes, and reverse gyrase-stabilized DNA--we isolated thermophilic strains from the Vajreshwari and Ganeshpuri, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India geothermal springs to serve as biological factories for nanoparticle synthesis. Through the extracellular supernatant of Geobacillus Species isolates, Silver (Ag) nanoparticles were bio-fabricated, leveraging microbial proteins as natural capping agents to prevent agglomeration. The structural integrity and chemical composition of these particles were validated using TEM, XRD, and FTIR, confirming their stability at elevated temperatures. Application phases focused on the degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene and the reduction of Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] in simulated high-temperature industrial conditions. Our results demonstrate a "Triple-Action" synergy: microbial metabolism, nano-catalysis, and thermal acceleration. By applying the Arrhenius Equation, we established that the increased kinetic energy at higher temperatures, coupled with the lowered activation energy provided by the nanocatalysts, exponentially increases the degradation rate (k) of complex pollutants. This research provides a scalable, green synthesis alternative to toxic chemical reduction methods and establishes a robust framework for the remediation of deep-sector industrial waste.

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 Keywords

Thermophilic Bioremediation, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), Arrhenius Kinetics, Electron Shuttling, Thermal Acceleration.

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Depression is a major global health concern requiring safer and more effective therapeutic interventions. The present study focuses on the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using Curcuma longa (turmeric) extract and the evaluation of their antidepressant activity. The plant extract, rich in bioactive compounds such as curcumin, was utilized as a reducing and stabilizing agent for nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized FeNPs were characterized using standard analytical techniques including UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm their formation, size, morphology, and functional groups. The antidepressant activity was evaluated using established in vivo models such as the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). Behavioral parameters including immobility time were recorded and compared with standard antidepressant drugs. The results demonstrated that the green synthesized FeNPs exhibited significant antidepressant-like activity, potentially due to their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The synergistic effect of iron nanoparticles and Curcuma longa phytoconstituents may contribute to modulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation pathways. This study highlights the potential of plant-mediated iron nanoparticles as a novel, eco-friendly, and effective approach for the management of depression, requiring further investigation for clinical applications.

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 Keywords

Green synthesis; Iron nanoparticles; Curcuma longa; Antidepressant activity; Forced swim test; Tail suspension test

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In the present study, an eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis route was employed for the preparation of manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles using castor (Ricinus communis) leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The phytochemicals present in the leaf extract, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and proteins, play a crucial role in the reduction of manganese ions and the subsequent formation of stable MnO nanoparticles without the use of hazardous chemicals. The synthesized MnO nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate their crystalline structure, phase purity, and average crystallite size. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of crystalline MnO with characteristic diffraction peaks matching the standard JCPDS data, indicating high purity and successful synthesis. The average crystallite size of the MnO nanoparticles was estimated using the Debye-Scherrer equation and found to be in the nanometer range. The green synthesis approach demonstrated in this work offers a sustainable and environmentally benign method for producing MnO nanoparticles with controlled crystallinity, making them suitable for potential applications in catalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation.

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 Keywords

Green synthesis; Manganese oxide nanoparticles; Castor leaf extract; XRD analysis; Crystallite size

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The development of sustainable and eco-friendly catalytic systems has emerged as a central focus in modern synthetic chemistry. In this study, a green and cost-effective approach is reported for the synthesis of calcium carbonate (CaO) nanocatalysts using Musa paradisiaca (banana) leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The biogenic route eliminates the need for hazardous chemicals, offering an environmentally benign alternative while enhancing the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial. The synthesized CaO nanocatalysts were systematically characterized using standard analytical techniques, confirming their nanoscale morphology, high surface area, and crystalline nature.Exploiting these features, the prepared nanocatalyst was successfully employed as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N-Morpholinobenzothioamide under mild and sustainable conditions. The catalytic system demonstrated excellent activity, affording high yield, reduced reaction time, and easy product isolation. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited good reusability and stability, highlighting its practical applicability in green organic synthesis.This work not only provides a novel utilization of plant-mediated nanotechnology but also establishes a greener synthetic pathway for thioamide derivatives. The integration of renewable biological resources with nanocatalysis underscores a promising strategy toward environmentally responsible chemical processes and sustainable development in organic synthesis.

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 Keywords

Green synthesis, Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO), Musa paradisiaca, Nanocatalyst, Heterogeneous catalysis, N-Morpholinobenzothioamide, Thioamide synthesis, Sustainable chemistry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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MgO nanoparticles, green synthesis Rosa Centifolia, rose petals extract, photocatalytic degradation, methylene blue dye, eco-friendly, wastewater treatment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green synthesis; Manganese oxide nanoparticles; Castor leaf extract; XRD analysis; Crystallite size

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change Mitigation, Energy Grid Optimization, Predictive Modeling, Adaptation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green synthesis; Ferrite nanoparticles; Nano-fertilizers; Sustainable agriculture; Crop productivity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green synthesis, Zinc nanoparticles, Piper betle leaf extract, FTIR; XRD, Eco-friendly synthesis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging zero-dimensional fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have attracted immense research interest due to their excellent biocompatibility, water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, low toxicity, and chemical stability. In this review, we summarize the green synthesis of carbon dots using oatmeal as a sustainable natural carbon precursor via a simple eco-friendly reflux method. Oatmeal, rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and phenolic compounds, provides an excellent renewable source for carbonization and surface functionalization. The synthesized CDs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The CDs exhibited strong blue fluorescence, nanoscale particle size, and abundant surface functional groups such as -OH, -COOH, and -NH?. These features make them highly suitable for dermatological and cosmetic applications. Additionally, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities suggest promising applications in skincare and aesthetic formulations. This review highlights recent advancements, characterization strategies, and future prospects of biomass-derived CDs in biomedical and cosmeceutical fields. Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging zero-dimensional fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have attracted immense research interest due to their excellent biocompatibility, water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, low toxicity, and chemical stability. In this review, we summarize the green synthesis of carbon dots using oatmeal as a sustainable natural carbon precursor via a simple eco-friendly reflux method. Oatmeal, rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and phenolic compounds, provides an excellent renewable source for carbonization and surface functionalization. The synthesized CDs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The CDs exhibited strong blue fluorescence, nanoscale particle size, and abundant surface functional groups such as -OH, -COOH, and -NH?. These features make them highly suitable for dermatological and cosmetic applications. Additionally, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities suggest promising applications in skincare and aesthetic formulations. This review highlights recent advancements, characterization strategies, and future prospects of biomass-derived CDs in biomedical and cosmeceutical fields.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Carbon dots; Green synthesis; Oatmeal precursor; Photoluminescence; Dermatological applications

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition