Volume 12 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the relevant previous literature to provide insights into maximizing the effectiveness of healthcare logistics through the application of pharmacoeconomics. It investigates pharmacoeconomic evaluation validity in Egypt by examining pricing, reimbursement, and evaluation of pharmacoeconomics. It helps to identify problems and areas for improvement. Design, methodology, and approach: This paper reviews the prior literature, particularly on publications published after 2013 when the Egyptian Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Unit was established. Findings: Considering the results of this study, Egypt appears to be off to a promising start in its pharmacoeconomic evaluation--additionally, the advancement of pharmacoeconomics aids in the optimization of healthcare logistics. Practical implications: This study provides recommendations on how Egyptian Pharmacy and Therapeutic (P&T) decision-makers can best utilize pharmacoeconomics to lower healthcare logistics costs and maintain a high level of service. Originality/value: This review will be valuable for both academics and practitioners. From a research perspective, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the application of pharmacoeconomics to reduce healthcare logistics costs in developing countries. It also identifies possible research directions. To effectively manage healthcare logistics costs, it provides an authoritative viewpoint on the effectiveness of pharmacoeconomics implementation.

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 Keywords

Keywords: healthcare logistics, Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation, drug management, Cost-effectiveness analysis, medicine Reimbursement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Everyone saves, even though there are a lot of different ways to accomplish it. Though there are a variety of reasons why people decide to save money, caution, peer pressure, and the desire to consume in the future are the key drivers. Postal savings funds have a big say in how governmental debt is funded. The fund is managed by several policy-focused financial institutions across several countries, with the goals of return on investments and community development. This study looks into how investors see the Postal Savings Plan. Post offices have provided banking services in addition to being essential in uniting the country. Nevertheless, its purpose has changed with time, making it one of the greatest options for investors today.

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 Keywords

Savings behavior, Postal savings, Government debt, Financial institutions, Return on investments, Community development, Banking services, Investor perception, Post office evolution, Investment options.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The project, "Smart Monitoring and Protection of Industrial Equipment Using IoT," employs Arduino as the main controller for monitoring and safeguarding industrial equipment. Current sensor technology is employed to measure the current of an AC load, specifically a bulb, while a voltage sensor is utilized to measure the voltage of a DC circuit. The DHT11 sensor is incorporated to monitor the ambient temperature, ensuring optimal operational conditions. Additionally, the system integrates a fire sensor to identify potential fire accidents and a gas sensor to detect smoke within the industrial environment. The gathered data from these sensors is displayed on an LCD screen, providing real-time information on crucial parameters. To enhance safety measures, the system is designed to respond dynamically to sensor readings. If any monitored parameter surpasses a predefined threshold value, the system triggers protective actions. Specifically, if a critical condition is detected, the AC load (bulb) is automatically turned off, and a DC fan is shut down. This real-time monitoring and automated protection mechanism contribute to a safer and more secure industrial environment

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Arduino, Flame Sensor, Gas sensor, Current sensor, Voltage sensor, Node MCU

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Dental and oral problems affect 80-90% of the world's population. Oral diseases are frequent due to poverty and unsanitary behaviors, accounting for around 5% of global medical expenditure. Machine learning has made significant contributions to medical research. Dental professionals are tasked with identifying different types of dental problems, while the diagnostic procedure is underway. This paper introduces a convolutional neural network approach for caries detection and classification. we implement a dental caries detection system using a Convolutional Neural Network with the MobileNetV2 architecture for feature extraction. Train a CNN model to classify images into Three categories. These algorithms enable effective diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. We tuned our model and achieved 91% accuracy. Precision, F1-Score and Recall is 90.10%, 89.34%, 90.12%, respectively.

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Dental Caries, Detection, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), MobileNetV2

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National Education Policy 2020 has given meticulous attention on vocational education. According to NEP, every child has to learn at least one vocation. Skill education is more necessary in the 21st century. It is a veritable tool for sustainable economic growth. Vocational education can either be formal or non-formal. Formal vocational education is provided vocational training and work-based education through many organizations and schemes which prepare the students to participate in the labour market to adapt to the impacts of global trends. Nonformal education is where a person arranges for his/her training himself by finding a skilled person who would train them in some marketable skills. A country is a line of progress where human resources become skilled and efficient. It can also help create productive workforce which leads to economic growth and national development.

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Vocational Education, Challenges, Opportunities

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In contemporary educational and healthcare settings, the well-being of students and patients is critical for their success and recovery. A real-time system utilizing OpenCV for multi-modal emotion analysis is introduced, tailored specifically for these environments. This system merges facial expression recognition from images with audio emotion recognition. By employing machine learning and computer vision algorithms, such as OpenCV for facial recognition, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for image-based emotion detection, and a combination of Support Vector Classifier (SVC) and CNN for audio emotion recognition, it provides a comprehensive approach to understanding emotional states. Privacy is a cornerstone of this system, upheld through the use of non-intrusive and privacy-conscious technologies. It continuously assesses the multiple emotional states of students and patients during their activities, offering insights into their well-being without breaching their privacy. The web interface displays real-time emotion analysis results, including facial recognition status, identified emotions, and dynamic emotion distribution charts. This tool is invaluable for monitoring stress and emotional well-being in educational and healthcare settings. Its open and adaptable codebase allows for tailoring and modifications to meet specific needs, demonstrating the potential of real-time emotion analysis in improving the well-being and outcomes for students and patients.

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Support Vector Classifier (SVC),Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),Computer Vision, Face Recognition, Audio Recognition.

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: Ladakh, formerly Western Tibet, was a significant part of Tibetan Buddhism before its incorporation into India. The region was known for occult practices and was influenced by Buddhism through the works of Saint Padmasambhava and Bhikshu Shantarakshita. Buddhism flourished in Ladakh with the support of Ladakhi kings, and its influence on society was significant. Religious tolerance and peaceful co-existence were achieved through observing the Dhamma of the Buddha, and the inhabitants followed religious customs from birth to death. Festivals, such as the New Year's Day festival, were held to commemorate the actions of the Buddha or renowned masters. Buddhism also had a significant impact on Ladakh's fine arts, with beautiful Buddhist monasteries and stupas filled with Buddhist paintings and sculptures. Dance, music, poetry, and song were also influenced by Buddhism, with religious songs and dances paying tribute to the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha. Drama, based on Jataka Tales, was also a significant part of Ladakh's cultural heritage.

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Buddhism, art, culture, Ladakh, impact, Buddhist festivals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agyeya is an experimental poet. This means making new experiments at what level of emotion and language in the composition of poetry. The poem about Kalgi Bajra is also an experiment, both from the point of view of craft and also from the point of view of emotion. This poem is basically a poem dedicated to love and nature. In this poem the poet is talking about love and nature with a new perspective. Experimental poetry or a poet who has been an experimentalist always keeps searching for new ideas and new methods. Even in this poem, the poet does not want to relate his beloved with old nicknames and analogies. That is, those who want to give up the similes that old poets have used for their beloveds. He wants to create new analogies. The poet wants to give a new name to his beloved, to call him by a new name. This is the basic feeling of this poem.

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metaphor, traditional symbol, new ideas, new vision, love and nature.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT: Crop insurance is necessary for the farmers to protect them against financial issues. Crop insurance is indispensable for the prosperity of farmers and policy instruments to deal with the perils present in agriculture. But the implementation of Crop insurance largely depends on the farmer's attitude. The present study discusses the outcomes of the study in the area of crop insurance. It measures the present situation of crop insurance scheme and challenges of crop insurance, examines the awareness and attitude of farmers towards crop insurance

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Key Words: Crop insurance, Farmers awareness, Attitude, Challenges and policy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As high greenhouse gas emissions and the ozone layer's thinning, governments are attempting to phase out the use of fossil fuels. As an environmentally conscious substitute for electric vehicles, have become more popular. But a variety of primary and secondary factors could influence adoption of electric vehicles, some tailored to Indians and others universal. As Transportation sector is emitting carbon dioxide at a rapid rate, which is causing worries about global warming. However, electric mobility has not yet become a mainstream option for the large number of people in India. Therefore, it is important to understand how people feel about Electric Vehicles (EVs). Therefore questionnaire was designed to identify factors affecting purchase decision of consumer in Rajkot city.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

electric vehicle, factors , purchase decision

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition