Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The emergence of Financial Technology (FinTech) has significantly transformed conventional banking systems by introducing faster, more efficient, and customer-centric financial services. This study aims to examine the impact of FinTech on banking operations, customer experience, and financial inclusion. The research is based on secondary data collected from journals, reports, and official sources using a descriptive approach. The findings reveal that FinTech improves transaction speed, reduces operational costs, and enhances customer convenience through digital platforms. However, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, and high implementation costs persist. The study concludes that collaboration between traditional banks and FinTech firms is essential for sustainable growth in the evolving financial landscape.

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 Keywords

Keywords: FinTech, Conventional Banking, Digital Transformation, Financial Inclusion.

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The present study aims to develop and standardise a tool to assess intergroup harmony among young adults. A 54-item Likert-type attitude scale was developed through an extensive review of the relevant literature and existing tools, as well as consultations with experts in psychology and sociology. The tool adopts a five-point response format ranging from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The reliability of the scale was assessed in a pilot study with 150 students, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. A total of 54 items, of which 44 were retained for the final study. The internal consistency (reliability) of this scale is 0.940. The present research discussed the development of a scale to measure the intergroup harmony among young adults.

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 Keywords

Intergroup Harmony, Young Adults, Intergroup Relations

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN HERBAL COLD CREAM INCORPORATED WITH LEMON ESSENTIAL OIL FOR SKIN BRIGHTENING

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN HERBAL COLD CREAM INCORPORATED WITH LEMON ESSENTIAL OIL FOR SKIN BRIGHTENING

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Event management workflows remain fragmented, requiring organizers to use multiple disconnected platforms for promotion, registration, communication, and execution. Existing commercial platforms restrict intelligent features to expensive paid tiers, leaving small and independent creators without access to analytics, automated verification, or fraud prevention tools. This paper presents CrowdPulse, a centralized AI-enhanced event hosting and management platform built on the MERN stack. Novel contributions include: (a) a unified free architecture integrating six enterprise-grade features--QR-based cryptographic check-in, a hybrid tag-behavioral recommendation engine, host analytics dashboards, cascading waitlist auto-promotion, automated pre-event reminders with embedded QR tickets, and real-time seat urgency indicators; (b) a weighted hybrid recommendation model with empirically tuned parameters validated through grid search; and (c) a cascading waitlist algorithm with time-bound confirmation offers, which, to the best of our knowledge, has limited representation in existing event management literature. A controlled four-week deployment with 150 users across 25 events demonstrated: 72.1% reduction in check-in time (p < 0.001), 81.4% recommendation relevance accuracy, 89.5% cancelled-seat recovery rate, and 34.0% attendance improvement (p = 0.003). The system sustained sub-200 ms API response times under 250 concurrent users with 99.2% uptime, demonstrating that enterprise-grade event management capabilities can be delivered through a unified, cost-free platform.

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 Keywords

Event Management Platform, MERN Stack, QR Authentication, Hybrid Recommendation System, Waitlist Automation, Event Analytics, Real-Time Web Application, Recommendation Systems, Full Stack Development, Scalable Web Systems

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This research paper presents a comprehensive and critically grounded analysis of the Haryanvi Saang-style raginis (Ragini 1-8) from the narrative series Adhar?jan, examined through literary, prosodic, and socio-cultural perspectives. The study aims to investigate the narrative structure, emotional depth, gendered consciousness, and metrical organization of these compositions within the framework of Pingal Shastra. It argues that Haryanvi ragini is not merely an oral folk expression but a structured poetic tradition that reflects a dynamic synthesis of indigenous aesthetics and classical poetics. The analysis demonstrates that the sequence of Ragini 1-8 follows a coherent narrative progression--from aesthetic awareness and emotional awakening to courtly interaction, intensification of love, social tension, and eventual assertion of dignity and conditional acceptance. The character of Raskapoor emerges as a central figure representing feminine agency, self-determination, and ethical consciousness, rather than merely a passive subject of desire. In contrast, the figure of Sawai Jagat Singh embodies the tension between royal authority and human vulnerability. From a prosodic perspective, the study highlights the effective use of mixed syllabic metres, balanced caesura, patterned rhyme schemes, and rhythmic recurrence, all of which enhance both performative quality and aesthetic depth. The study concludes that the raginis of Adhar?jan should be recognized not merely as performative folk compositions but as culturally significant literary texts that articulate complex intersections of love, power, morality, and gender, thereby contributing meaningfully to broader academic discourses in Indian folk literature and cultural studies.

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 Keywords

Haryanvi Folk Poetry, Ragni Tradition, Pingal Prosody, Oral Performance Culture, Indigenous Aesthetics, Narrative Poetics, Socio-Cultural Discourse, Gendered Voice and Agency, Courtly Love Tradition, Ethnomusicology of North India

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FRAUENFIGUREN, FURCHT UND UEBERNATUERLICHE MAECHTE: EINE VERGLEICHENDE ANALYSE AUSGEWAEHLTER DEUTSCHER UND INDISCHER VOLKSMAERCHEN

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FRAUENFIGUREN, FURCHT UND UEBERNATUERLICHE MAECHTE: EINE VERGLEICHENDE ANALYSE AUSGEWAEHLTER DEUTSCHER UND INDISCHER VOLKSMAERCHEN

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FoodHub is a full-stack web-based food ordering and management system designed to provide a scalable and cost-effective alternative to third-party delivery platforms. The system enables users to browse restaurants, place orders, and track order status, while administrators can manage menus, orders, and analytics through a dedicated dashboard. Developed using React , the platform ensures secure and efficient data handling with role-based access control. The system demonstrates reliable performance and offers a flexible solution for independent restaurant operations with potential for future enhancements.

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Food Ordering System, Full-Stack Web Application, React, PostgreSQL, Role-Based Access Control, Scalable Architecture, Online Ordering Platform

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The global push towards sustainable transportation has accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), with electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) gaining notable traction in urban and semi-urban markets across India. This study examines the relationship between perceived economic benefits and consumer preference for electric two-wheelers in Salem City, Tamil Nadu, a rapidly emerging tier-2 market with a strong two-wheeler culture. Using a structured questionnaire, primary data were collected from 173 respondents through purposive and convenience sampling. The economic dimensions explored include fuel cost savings, lower maintenance expenditure, government subsidies and incentives, total cost of ownership (TCO), and resale value perceptions. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression techniques were employed to analyse the data. The findings reveal that perceived fuel cost savings and government subsidies significantly influence consumer preference, while maintenance cost and resale value perceptions play a moderating role. The study concludes that economic considerations are a dominant driver of E2W adoption in Salem and recommends that manufacturers, policymakers, and dealers align their communication strategies to highlight long-term cost advantages. This research contributes to the growing literature on EV consumer behaviour in tier-2 Indian cities and offers actionable insights for stakeholders in the electric mobility ecosystem.

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Electric Two-Wheelers, Consumer Preference, Economic Benefits, Salem City, Sustainable Transportation, EV Adoption, Total Cost of Ownership

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'Early state' is a term used in state formation study to denote pre-modern non-industrialised state. The medieval kingdom of Tripura under the rule of the M??ikya dynasty was one of such states. The present paper intends to shed light on the administrative structure of this state during the 15th-18th Century period. It will solely concentrate on the civil aspect of the administration during the chosen time-period. The contours of this administration in terms of the nature of kingship, officials manning this structure, tribal and non-tribal local administration in the hills and plains, etc., will be reviewed. The traditional literary sources as well as the existing secondary works on the history of the state have been used whenever necessary to prepare the paper.

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Early State, Tripura kingdom, administration, sanskritisation, R?jm?l?

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The Gadar Movement (1913-1915) was one of the most important anti-colonial movements in Indian history. It was organized among Indian workers on the Pacific Coast of North America. This paper studies the leaders of the Gadar Movement in a comparative and analytical way. It examines figures such as Sohan Singh Bhakna, Baba Jawala Singh, Lala Hardayal, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Hafiz Abdullah, Karim Bux, Nawab Khan, and Bhai Parmanand. The central argument is simple: the movement's internal ideological diversity was not a weakness. It was its greatest political and organizational strength. Each type of leader could reach a different section of the Indian diaspora. The paper uses a typological framework. Five types of revolutionary leadership are identified: the philosopher-revolutionary, the patriarchal organizer, the martyr, the spiritual revolutionary, and the cultural nationalist intellectual. Bhai Parmanand receives special attention. He combined the Arya Samaj tradition of Hindu cultural reform with revolutionary anti-colonial politics. This placed him at the centre of the movement's deepest internal tensions. The paper examines what these tensions meant for the long-term trajectory of Indian nationalism. The paper argues that studying the Gadar leaders comparatively gives a much richer understanding of the movement than studying them separately. It also argues that Bhai Parmanand deserves far more scholarly attention than existing literature has given him.

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 Keywords

Gadar Movement; Bhai Parmanand; Indian nationalism; anti-colonialism; revolutionary leadership; Punjabi diaspora; Lahore Conspiracy Case; Arya Samaj; Hindu-Muslim-Sikh unity; Lala Hardayal; Kartar Singh Sarabha; Sohan Singh Bhakna

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