Volume 12 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is a critical skill for nurses in assessing and managing patients with respiratory and metabolic disorders. However, studies indicate a gap in nurses' knowledge regarding ABG interpretation, highlighting the need for structured educational interventions. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching program in enhancing staff nurses' knowledge of ABG analysis and interpretation. Methods: A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design was employed. A convenience sample of 60 staff nurses working in Vivekananda hospital of Moradabad was recruited. The structured teaching program consisted of knowledge and interpretation of ABG analysis , delivered through lecture cum demonstration through ppt . Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted using a validated questionnaire to measure participants' knowledge of ABG analysis and interpretation. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: [Preliminary findings revealed a significant improvement in participants' knowledge scores following the structured teaching program. Mean pre-test score was 12.25 while the mean post-test score increased to 16.60 .Statistical analysis using paired t-tests demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the intervention in enhancing nurses' knowledge of ABG analysis and interpretation.] Conclusion: The findings suggest that a structured teaching program can significantly improve staff nurses' knowledge of ABG analysis and interpretation. These results underscore the importance of ongoing education and training initiatives to enhance nurses' proficiency in critical clinical skills, ultimately improving patient care outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore long-term retention of knowledge and its impact on clinical practice.

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Arterial blood gas, ABG analysis, interpretation, structured teaching program, staff nurses, knowledge assessment, nursing education, patient care

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Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is a unique branch of Ayurveda which deals with the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines using metals, minerals and herbs. In the present research paper, the work done on pharmaceutical study of Karanjatailadi Malaham conducted in the department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana under the post graduate research program is being presented. Karanjatailadi Malaham is a unique herbo-mineral formulation elucidated in Rasa Tantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha, part 2- Kushta adhikara for the management of Vicharchika. Karanja taila, Siktha, Shuddha Tuttha, Krishna Maricha, Krishna Jeeraka, Karpoora and Madhu are the ingredients. The main pharmaceutical procedures involved in the preparation of Karanjatailadi Malaham are Shodhana, Choorna nirmana, Siktha taila nirmana and Mardana. The present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Karanjatailadi Malaham according to the method explained in the classical literatures.

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Karanjatailadi malaham, Vicharchika, Shodhana, Tuttha, Malahara.

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The burgeoning demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is set to significantly alter the landscape of road transportation. Yet, despite this surge in interest, current commercial EVs confront several limitations, including constrained battery range, inadequate charging infrastructure, and high upfront costs. As urban sprawl persists and prosperity increases, traffic congestion emerges as a pressing concern. In response to these fundamental challenges within the transportation realm, the E-highway emerges as a promising remedy, boasting twice the efficiency of internal combustion engines. This pioneering approach entails shifting from individually powered combustion vehicles to grid-powered transportation. By furnishing trucks with power from overhead contact lines, this innovation not only mitigates local air pollution but also makes substantial strides towards decarbonizing the transport sector.

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E-Highway, Electric vehicles

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of various techniques employed for haze removal. Within the realm of image processing and analysis, image dehazing stands out as a pivotal area of research. The dehazing process holds significant importance in enhancing human comprehension under conditions of low visibility. Haze, indicative of poor air quality, manifests as a visually impairing pale appearance in the atmosphere, leading to diminished visibility. This atmospheric phenomenon arises from the heightened concentration of air pollutants suspended in the air, causing scattering and absorption of sunlight. Consequently, affected images exhibit a whitened appearance with reduced contrast. The adverse effects of haze extend across diverse applications within computer vision, notably in fields such as video surveillance and object detection. This paper is dedicated to thoroughly exploring various procedures designed to effectively eliminate haze from images. Furthermore, it critically evaluates the limitations inherent in existing methods, aiming to contribute insights into refining and advancing dehazing techniques.

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Image dehazing, Dark Channel Prior, Contrast Enhancement. Polarization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study has been undertaken to compare visual functions in diabetic and non-diabetic patients after cataract surgery. To find out the difference in visual outcomes of cataract surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.To find out the difference in intraocular pressure of cataract surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.To find out any change in colour vision in diabetic and non-diabetic patients after cataract surgery.To compare the visual acuity after cataract surgery in diabetic non-diabetic patients. The data for diabetic and non-diabetic patients who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in Integral University, Lucknow from March to May were collected. Pre and post-operative data were analysed for every patient.

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NCT, DM, Non-DM, VA

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This project deploys a sophisticated network of strategically positioned force sensors on a car's sides to register accidents, classifying them based on the severity of impact forces. The resulting data is securely transmitted to a centralized server, creating a comprehensive accident history for each vehicle. This information serves to significantly reduce fraudulent activities within the used car market. Furthermore, the system also features an integral function for notifying emergency responders about accidents, ensuring a swift response and facilitating effective traffic management and accident scene assistance, thus further enhancing overall road safety.

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Force sensors, Accident classification, Centralized server

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research project delves into the pivotal shift occurring in the public's perception, moving from traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) to electric vehicles (EVs). Under the guidance of Dr. Mohd Farhan, Sahil Jasrotia and Shefali scrutinize the multifaceted dynamics influencing this transition. Through a comprehensive analysis integrating literature review, surveys, and data interpretation, the study aims to decipher the determinants driving or hindering the embrace of Evs among the populace. By uncovering these insights, the research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable transportation, offering valuable implications for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and society at large.

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Electric cars, determinants of electric car adoption, Environmental concerns

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the teaching field, blackboard, duster, and chalk are crucial elements. Erasing the writing from boards with a normal duster poses a big challenge for both teachers and students. The chalk dust creates difficulties and allergy issues for teachers and students, disrupting the concentration of both lecturers and listeners. The Automatic Blackboard Writing and Cleaning System is an innovative project designed to enhance the efficiency and functionality of traditional blackboards in educational and collaborative environments. The project consists of two main components: the Automatic Blackboard Writing Unit and the Blackboard Cleaning Unit. The Automatic Blackboard Writing Unit utilizes a specialized writing tools to replicate the handwritten content provided by users. This unit incorporates advanced algorithms for precise and legible writing, ensuring that information is accurately transcribed onto the blackboard. The cleaning unit ensures a thorough erasure of content, leaving the blackboard ready for new information without any residual marks or smudges. Key features of the Automatic Blackboard Writing and Cleaning System include user-friendly interfaces, customizable writing styles, and automatic calibration for different blackboard sizes. Additionally, the system promotes environmental sustainability by reducing the need for disposable writing materials and minimizing the use of cleaning agents. The implementation of this project aims to revolutionize traditional teaching methods, making educational spaces more dynamic and interactive

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user-friendly interfaces , accuracy, automatic calibration , time-efficient

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This research paper examines the complex interplay between federalism and factionalism in India and their collective impact on democratic participation. Through a detailed analysis of India's political structure, this study elucidates how the federal system and various factional dynamics influence voter engagement, policy consistency, and governmental stability. The investigation includes a historical overview of India's federal evolution, a structural analysis of the division of powers, and an exploration of major political factions, including their roots in caste and religion. Notably, case studies of Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir, and the Northeastern states provide empirical insights into the interaction between federal arrangements and regional factionalism. The paper also identifies key challenges to democratic participation arising from these interactions, proposing several institutional and policy reforms aimed at enhancing democratic engagement and mitigating the negative impacts of factionalism. The findings underscore the need for a nuanced approach to governance that accommodates India's diversity while promoting effective and inclusive democracy. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between federalism and factionalism in one of the world's largest and most complex democracies.

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Federalism, Factionalism, Democratic Participation, India, Regional Autonomy, Political Stability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bharathi, who emerged during the Indian freedom struggle, inspired the revival of Tamil literature by keeping the desire for liberation alive in his songs. He expressed his prophetic ideas of what the future India would be and should be through his works. What he sang as dreams have come true today. Among them are national unity, liberation, society, education, science, agriculture, linguistics etc. What he sang as dreams have come true today. Among them are national unity, liberation, society, education, science, agriculture, linguistics etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indian freedom struggle, prophetic ideas, national unity, liberation, society, education, science, agriculture, linguistics etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition