Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

This research explores the creation of biodiesel fuel from mahua oil, a plant-based source. The process focuses on a chemical reaction called transesterification. The paper examines factors like how much amount of biodiesel is produced. This esterification process transforms mahua oil into methyl esters, the key component of biodiesel. The resulting biodiesel boasts properties similar to diesel fuel, including flashpoint, viscosity, and density. Notably, the viscosity of neem biodiesel is close to regular diesel, while its energy output (calorific value) is about 15.38% lower. Overall, this study strengthens the case for mahua oil, a non-edible resource, as a practical alternative to diesel fuel.

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 Keywords

Mahua oil, Transesterification, Biodiesel, Sodium Hydroxide.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study delves into the risk and return profiles of prominent companies within the IT sector over the period 2019-2023. Amidst the dynamic landscape of the IT industry characterized by rapid technological advancements and intense competition, understanding the performance dynamics of companies is crucial for investors. Through a comparative analysis of companies including Redington, LTI Mindtree, Persistent, Oracle Finance Service, Coforge Ltd, HCL Tech, Sun Pharma, Larsen & Turbo, Infosys, and Wipro, this research aims to assess the variability of returns, identify contributing factors to stock price fluctuations, and evaluate the risk-return relationship in IT sector investments. Findings reveal diverse performance trends across the companies, with some demonstrating consistent growth while others exhibiting fluctuations. Insights drawn from these study aid stakeholders in comprehending the relative performance and volatility within the IT sector, facilitating informed investment decisions.

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 Keywords

Risk, Returns, Standard Deviations

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 Abstract

Gear transmission is a major form of power transmission, of which the reliability greatly affects the life of many mechanical devices. Gears have two main failure modes, namely tooth surface pitting and tooth root fracture. Tooth surface pitting is mainly due to excessive contact stress and tooth root fracture is mainly due to excessive bending stress. In spur gears, the maximum bending stress concentration is known to occur in the gear tooth fillet region. This study focuses on the geometric optimization of symmetric involute gears to alleviate stress concentrations near the fillet. Stress relief is achieved by incorporating strategically placed holes in the area between adjacent teeth. The size and location of these features are varied to reduce bending stresses, leading to increased load capacity, extended gear lifetime, reduced manufacturing costs, and minimized noise and vibration. CATIA V5 software are used to model spur gears and ANSYS software are used for geometric optimization process to achieve the desired stress distribution

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 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Spur Gear , Stress , CATIA V5, ANSYS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study focuses on producing and characterizing biodiesel derived from mahua (Madhuca longifolia) oil for sustainable energy applications. Mahua biodiesel was produced through transesterification using a base catalyst. The biodiesel's physical and chemical properties were analyzed and compared with ASTM standards. The study also investigates the potential of mahua biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, considering its performance, combustion characteristics, and emission profiles. The results demonstrate that mahua biodiesel meets the required standards for biodiesel fuel properties and exhibits promising performance as a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel option for various energy applications.

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 Keywords

Mahua biodiesel, production, characterization, sustainable energy, alternative fuel, transesterification, diesel engine, performance, emissions

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 Abstract

This research paper investigates the healing performance of epoxy matrix carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites, focusing on their ability to self-repair structural damage. The study explores the potential of these composites to autonomously heal microcracks and delamination, which can occur during service conditions, thereby extending the operational lifespan of composite structures. Through a comprehensive literature review, various healing mechanisms in composite materials are examined, highlighting the significance of healing performance in enhancing material durability and reliability. Experimental methods are employed to assess the healing capabilities of the composites, including characterization techniques such as optical microscopy, mechanical testing. This test are performed by varying the GO content from 0% to 1%. Thus maximum amount of fracture load obtained at the 0.50%.The results provide insights into the effectiveness of different healing mechanisms and their influence on the mechanical properties of the composites. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of self-healing materials and have implications for the development of advanced composite structures with improved damage tolerance and longevity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Epoxy, Carbon fiber, Graphene oxide, catalyst, peel ply.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The research investigates the combustion characteristics of a 4-stroke VCR Diesel engine by adding zinc oxide nanoparticles and using flax seed oil as an alternate fuel. The experimental setup includes testing several fuel samples. These samples contain traditional diesel as well as the beneficial of adding zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to B20-grade flaxseed oil biodiesel together with dispersion (Triton X) and surfactant (CTAB) additives. B20 with 50 ppm ZnO NPs (B1), B20 with 50 ppm ZnO NPs and 50 ppm surfactant (B2), and B20 with 50 ppm ZnO NPs and 50 ppm dispersant (B3) were the three different mixes that were made. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted to determine how various additions affected the stability and combustion properties of the biodiesel. While flaxseed oil biodiesel and zinc oxide nanoparticles were used, engine operating characters significantly improved. According to the performance parameters, after improvements were made to the combustion characteristics such as cylinder pressure (CP), Net heat release rate (NHRR), Mean gas temperature (MGT) rises by 1.2%, 2.98%, and 10.22%, respectively.

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 Keywords

Flaxseed oil, VCR Diesel Engine, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles, Combustion Characteristics, Alternative fuels.

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 Abstract

Inverter -are often needed at places where it is not possible to get AC supply from the mains. an inverter circuit is used to convert the dc power to ac power can be of two types True/pure sine wave inverters and quasi or modified inverters these true/pure sine wave inverters are costly while modified quasi-inverters are inexpensive. this modified inverter produced a sine wave and these are used to power delicate electronics equipment. here, a simple voltage driven inverter circuit using power IGBT as switching devices is build, which converts 12v dc signal to signal phase 220volt ac with the help of step-up transformer. The basic idea behind every inverter circuit is to produced oscillation using the given dc and apply this oscillation across the primary of the transformer by amplifying the current. This primary voltage is then stepped up to higher voltage higher voltage is then stepped up to higher voltage depending upon the number of turns in primary and secondary coils.

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 Keywords

Power Inverter; Dc/AC, sine wave; Oscillator; Transformer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project explores the fabrication of composite materials using bamboo mat, jute fiber mat and epoxy resin focusing on improving mechanical properties by using TiO2. The process involves mixing epoxy resin with filler material and hardener, applying it onto PVC sheets fixed to metal plates, and layering bamboo mats soaked in the resin mixture. The composite is compressed using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) to remove excess resin and achieve the desired thickness. After hardening, excess resin is machined off, and the composite is ready for tribological, mechanical, and physical testing. The method offers a straightforward approach for producing composite materials suitable for various engineering applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bamboo mats, jute fiber mat, Epoxy resin, Titanium dioxide, Resin infusion, wax ,ms plates.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A reliable human recognition scheme is required in wide variety of systems to either verify or identify the identity of an individual requesting their services. Using traditional approaches such as possession based and knowledge based systems, it is very difficult to differentiate between an authorized person and an impostor. This is a strong reason for replacing traditional ID-based systems with biometric systems which are based on human traits that cannot be denied, stolen, or faked easily. Biometric recognition refers to the automatic recognition, based on physiological and /or behavioral characteristics of an individual. By using biometrics, it is possible to establish an individual's identity based on "who he or she is" rather than by "what he or she possesses likes smart card" or "what he or she remembers likes password." Human ear due to its consistent behavior over the age, has gained much popularity in recent years among various physiological biometric traits. The decidability index of the ear has been found that magnitude significant greater than that of face. Ear remarkably consistent and does not change its shape under expressions like face. The shape of the outer ear is recognized as a valuable means for personal identification. Naturally, an ear biometric system consists of ear detection and ear recognition modules. Ear biometric has played an important role for many years in forensic science and its use by law enforcement agencies.

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Physiological Characteristics

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Abstract: Of late, the landscape of education of students has been reportedly progressive and remarkably competitive. The knowledge they have gained is enormous with the help of various sources of information. Plenty of information is available at their fingertips. . But one of the most important factors the students need to concentrate is their employability skills. Many students struggle a lot to get job, not because of their lack of knowledge, but paucity of Employability Skills. Soft Skills are the part and parcel of employability skills. Nowadays, enhancing the employability skills with the help of e-learning is not only an absolute possibility but also a definite necessity. Almost every student accesses his/her study materials at the touch of the screen (smart phone). This paper describes the ways and means of enhancing the employability skills such as Job skills, Aptitude skills, Soft skills and Technical skills (JAST) through e-learning, which in turn increases the opportunity of getting employed or become the most sought after in the job market.

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 Keywords

Keywords: E-learning, Employability skills, Online, Soft skills, Student

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition