Volume 5 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) coprocessor, having a significant impact on the performance of communication systems, has been a hot topic of research for many years. The FFT function consists of consecutive multiply add operations over complex numbers, dubbed as butterfly units. Applying floating-point (FP) arithmetic to FFT architectures, specifically butterfly units, has become more popular recently. It offloads compute-intensive tasks from general-purpose processors by dismissing FP concerns (e.g., scaling and overflow/underflow). However, the major downside of FP butterfly is its slowness in comparison with its fixed-point counterpart. This reveals the incentive to develop a high-speed FP butterfly architecture to mitigate FP slowness. The FP three-operand BSD adder and the FP BSD constant multiplier are the constituents of the proposed FDPA unit. A carry-limited BSD adder is proposed and used in the three-operand adder and the parallel BSD multiplier so as to improve the speed of the FDPA unit. Moreover, modified Booth encoding is used to accelerate the BSD multiplier. In this we can implement the FFT butterfly using FP butterfly unit due to this we can save the loss of data compared to the normal FFT algorithm. This is also a one of application of FP butterfly arithmetic. The synthesis results show that the proposed FP butterfly architecture is much faster than previous counterparts but at the cost of more area.

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 Keywords

FFT, FDPA, BSD

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 Abstract

Energy management strategies are becoming essential for the power sharing and voltage regulation purposes. The classical energy management strategies employ the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms and rely on batteries in case of possible excess or deficit of energy. However, in order to realize constant current-constant voltage (IU) charging regime and increase the life span of batteries, energy management strategies require being more flexible with the power curtailment feature. In this paper, a coordinated and multivariable energy management strategy is proposed that employs a wind turbine and a photovoltaic array of a standalone DC microgrid as controllable generators by adjusting the pitch angle and the switching duty cycles. The proposed strategy is developed as an online nonlinear model predictive control algorithm. Applying to a sample standalone dc microgrid, the developed controller realizes the IU regime for charging the battery bank. The variable load demands are also shared accurately between generators in proportion to their ratings. Moreover, the DC bus voltage is regulated within a predefined range, as a design parameter. The control technique is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in PV- wind power generating system with MPPT and case study has been done on the control strategy and verifies the effectiveness of adaptive droop control on output converter voltage.

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 Keywords

HYBRID RENEWABLE WITH CONTROL STRATEGIES IN STANDALONE DC AND AC MICROGRIDS FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT

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 Abstract

A design of high performance16-bit Multiplier-and-Accumulator (MAC) is implemented in this project.MAC unit performs important operation in many of the digital signal processing (DSP) applications. The multiplier is designed using array multiplier and the adder is done with carry skip adder. The total design is coded with verilog-HDL and the synthesis is done using Cadence RTL complier using typical libraries of Xilinx 13.2 Version.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Carry skip adder (CSKA), energy efficient, high performance, hybrid variable latency adders, voltage scaling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract - The study investigates the climate change over Bagalkot region and determine the factor that greatly influence the growth and yield of sugarcane crop. Multi-source observations like remote sensing reanalysis, Indian Meteorological Department etc. are used to analyze variations in the multi-temporal climate data i.e temperature, rainfall, soil moisture, solar radiation, humidity over the study region in terms of the climatology, inter annual variability and trend analysis of the climate parameters at long term scale. The satellite derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is used to determine the crop profile and Statistical methods are used to compute ?NDVI(GGP) and correlation with the sugarcane crop Yield is carried out to determine the influence of climate parameters on the sugarcane yield over Bagalkot.

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 Keywords

multi-source, reanalysis, multi-temporal climate data, variability, trend analysis.

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 Abstract

In this paper, the performance of cost efficient direct detection OCDMA code is evaluated in terms of overall reach and received Quality of information. This work focuses on the suppression of environmental temperature variation effects that occur in the transmission links that impact the expected magnitude of the autocorrelation peak in the users’ code. The FLC system, whose input variables are the propagation distances and the estimated temperature changes, is installed in the network receivers. This system sets the threshold detection level according to the variations of the environmental temperature provided by external sensors.Evaluation has been carried out by changing wavelength and time dimensions by keeping third dimension constant. Moreover, different distances are taken into account to measure the reach within the acceptable limits of bit error rate (BER). Requirement of star coupler is eliminated by designing 3-D code division reliant on only time delays thus to make system cost efficient. Simulation results revealed that with the increase of wavelength/ time dimensions, more interference is observed and system works for 125 Km for W/T=3 and 110 Km for W/T=4. Also, a comparative analysis has been done between Wavelength/Time/Space and Wavelength/Time/Polarization 3-D OCDMA.

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 Keywords

OCDMA, Auto correlation, Cross correlation, bit error rate, Q-factor

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the present study the dynamic behavior of light weight floor building frames under seismic forces uniting soil structure interaction is considered. The analysis is carried out using FEM software STAAD-Pro. In interaction analysis of space frame, soil are considered as parts of a single compatible unit and soil is idealized using the soil models for analysis. The soil system below a raft footing is replaced by providing a true soil model (continuum model). In continuum model, soil is considered as homogeneous, isotropic, elastic of half space for which dynamic shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio are the inputs. To estimate the Story drift, base shear and ground motion for earthquake zone IV and zone V structures considering situated in clayey and sandy soil To study the behavior of the building for ground motion displacement. To evaluate the various results by comparing normal concrete structure without SSI and normal concrete structure with clayey sand sandy soil structure interaction To evaluate the various results by comparing lightweight concrete structure without SSI and lightweight concrete structure with clayey sand sandy soil structure interaction.

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 Keywords

lightweight floor system, Normal concrete structure, soil structure interaction (SSI), Base isolation (BI), Ground motion, base shear, story drift.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In many large organisations, a period of dramatic downsizing, outsourcing, and globalisation raised the stress dynamics to get its full momentum. Although the changes in the organisations have led to greater mobility and more flexible work arrangements for some employees, for others they have raised concerns about employment security, increased work demands, and the loss of ‘connectedness’ result in the move towards less secure forms of employment . In many organisations, these changes have also been coupled with rapid technological change, and a strong push for greater efficiency, increased competitiveness, and improved customer services.

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 Keywords

Job stress. Sources, Causes of stress, Stress Preventions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The SCS-CN method is the most widely used method and the curve number is a function of land use and hydrologic soil group. The Curve Number (CN) is a land-cover index for the given land use-land cover class, elevation and soil type to determine the amount of rainfall that infiltrates into the ground and the amount that becomes runoff for a specific storm event (USDA,  1986). Usually the curve number is classified according to the United State land features classification which may not be applicable to the Indian land features. A high curve number means high runoff and low infiltration (urban areas), whereas a low curve number means low runoff and high infiltration (dry soil). In this study, a rainfall map of the study area was prepared by Thiessen polygon method for years 2000-2014 and the rainfall data for daily was obtained from which normal average monthly, yearly was analyzed. Soil maps have been prepared for the watershed. GIS is used to explore spatial patterns of the trends over the entire Kaddam basin. GIS software can easily handle, store, analyze, manipulate and retrieve spatial data map preparation can be easily implemented using GIS environment. The data over the years was collected and maps were obtained with the help of GIS. Eight rain gauge stations namely Inderavelly, Ichoda, Bazarhathnoor, Boath, Naranoor, Khanapur, Kaddam and Utnur located within the Adilabad district, Telangana, have been analyzed for the period 2000–2014. The land use and land cover map have been obtained by the supervised classification for the different seasons of kharif and Rabi. Giving the input of land use land cover and soil map the Curve Number (CN) grid have been obtained by the SCS method.  In terms of land use and hydrologic soil group combination, the lowest CN value was found to be 30 in Agriculture area and the highest CN value was found to be 85 in low forest area. There has been considerable increase in the percentage of runoff during the years 2003, 2005, 2010 and 2013 in which rainfall has been high.

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 Keywords

SCS-CN method, Curve number, runoff, Kaddam watershed, ArcGIS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The synthesis and study of mono or polynuclear coordination polymers and their characterization has been a hot topic in the field of molecular magnetism, because it acts as building blocks with applicability in molecular-based materials. In order to achieve molecular based magnets linkers such oxo, chlorido, hydroxido, alkoxo, carboxylato, or azido are often used to react with metal ions. These small bridges are very good candidate for the magnetic exchange phenomenon. The azide anion is an excellent ligand to build low dimensional coordination polymer. It is so versatile that µ-1, 1(end-on, EO), µ-1,3(end-to-end, EE), µ-1,1,3 and other modes are allowed. The most important aspects of these azido-bridged complexes are the exchange of magnetic interactions [1].

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 Keywords

Hydrogen Bonded, Coordination Polymer, Bridged Complex

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This research paper examines “how do you motivate employees” at work place, how employers can execute Motivational theories, factors to ensure happy and motivated Employees. It also focuses on the best techniques to motivate the employees and its effective Implementation at their specific workplace. Now today’s economic environment, It is very important to any kind of business to have happy and productive employees. Social Scientists, Psychologists have been researching for decades trying to find out what motivates people to give better performance to organization. Dozens of Motivation theories have been proposed over the years. There are so many psychological theories that explain there is a correlation between high motivation and high performance. When employees are faithful and engaged in the organization, profits are higher. equally, when people feel unmotivated or undervalued/apathetic, the company suffers. A motivated workforce / productive staff, which in turn helps to achieve business goals and creates productivity for the success of organization. Most employers today would like to have their employee’s motivated, but one thing we do not understand what truly motivates a person to work .salary? or Work Culture? Always Salary is not a driving factor, in order to make happy and productive workplace, Employer should be good& Kind at them , keep employees to feel valued, make sure the environment feel better ,reward them with some transit benefits, communication about company happenings etc.. As we know, apart from some motivational theories, the most popular theories help us to increase workplace performance include: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Both the theories are related in the fact that there are some essential needs for all people to meet for survive. Every employee is at a different stage in their lives, which requires different management techniques to overcome their needs. It is also essential that motivation must come from within the Employee. There must be some appropriate ways to be executed in a strategic way to provide the best results for the organization.

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 Keywords

Factors of Motivation, Employee recognition, pay & Benefits, Organizational Culture, Employee Performance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition